scholarly journals ELEMENTAL ANALYSIS OF THE ANCIENT BRONZE COINS BY X-RAY FLUORESCENCE TECHNIQUE USING SIMULTANEOUSLY RADIOISOTOPE SOURCE AND X-RAY TUBE

2007 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 50 ◽  
Author(s):  
NGUYEN THE QUYNH ◽  
TRUONG THI AN ◽  
TRAN DUC THIEP ◽  
NGUYEN DINH CHIEN ◽  
DAO TRAN CAO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Elemental Composition ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Elemental Analysis ◽  
Fluorescence Technique ◽  
Interesting Point ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Radioisotope Source ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Fluorescence Spectrometer ◽  
The 19Th Century

The results on elemental analysis of the vietnamese ancient bronze coins during the time of the Nguyen dynasty (19th century) are presented. The samples were provided by the Vietnam National Historical Museum and the elemental analysis was performed on the home-made model EDS-XT-99-01 X-ray fluorescence spectrometer in the Institute of Materials Science, NCST of Vietnam. The samples exited simultaneously by radioisotope source and X-ray tube. The analytical results show the similarity in the elemental composition of the coins issued by different kings of the Nguyen dynasty, but there is the difference in the concentration of the used elements. Another interesting point is that all the coins have zinc (Zn) in their composition, which shows clearly the influence of the occidental metallurgical technology on the money-making technique in Vietnam during the 19th century.

scholarly journals ELEMENTAL ANALYSIS OF THE ANCIENT BRONZE COINS BY X-RAY FLUORESCENCE TECHNIQUE USING SIMULTANEOUSLY RADIOISOTOPE SOURCE AND X-RAY TUBE

2007 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 50
Author(s):  
NGUYEN THE QUYNH ◽  
TRUONG THI AN ◽  
TRAN DUC THIEP ◽  
NGUYEN DINH CHIEN ◽  
DAO TRAN CAO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Elemental Analysis ◽  
Materials Science ◽  
Fluorescence Technique ◽  
Interesting Point ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Radioisotope Source ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Fluorescence Spectrometer ◽  
The 19Th Century

The results on elemental analysis of the vietnamese ancient bronze coins during the time of the Nguyen dynasty (19th century) are presented. The samples were provided by the Vietnam National Historical Museum and the elemental analysis was performed on the home-made model EDS-XT-99-01 X-ray fluorescence spectrometer in the Institute of Materials Science, NCST of Vietnam. The samples exited simultaneously by radioisotope source and X-ray tube. The analytical results show the similarity in the elemental composition of the coins issued by different kings of the Nguyen dynasty, but there is the difference in the concentration of the used elements. Another interesting point is that all the coins have zinc (Zn) in their composition, which shows clearly the influence of the occidental metallurgical technology on the money-making technique in Vietnam during the 19th century.

scholarly journals ELEMENTAL ANALYSIS OF THE ANCIENT BRONZE COINS BY X-RAY FLUORESCENCE TECHNIQUE USING SIMULTANEOUSLY RADIOISOTOPE SOURCE AND X-RAY TUBE

2007 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
NGUYEN THE QUYNH ◽  
TRUONG THI AN ◽  
TRAN DUC THIEP ◽  
NGUYEN DINH CHIEN ◽  
DAO TRAN CAO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Elemental Analysis ◽  
Fluorescence Technique ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Radioisotope Source

Serendipity: Werner's argument that the `two-only forms' (green and violet) of [CoCl2(en)2]+ salts demanded his octahedral model was correct. True?

2020 ◽  
Vol 76 (3) ◽  
pp. 298-301 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivan Bernal ◽  
Roger A. Lalancette
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Structure ◽  
Elemental Composition ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Elemental Analysis ◽  
Asymmetric Unit ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Late 19Th Century ◽  
X Ray ◽  
The Third ◽  
Alfred Werner

Chemists of the late 19th century, including Alfred Werner, prepared salts containing either green or violet cations of composition [CoCl2(en)2]+ (en is ethylenediamine, C2H8N2); we now refer to these as trans-dichloro and cis-dichloro species. We have discovered a third salt, purple in color, containing cations of the same elemental composition and whose asymmetric unit composition is [CoCl2(en)2]2Cl2·3H2O, in which the cobalt cations are a cis:trans dichloro pair. Such a discovery would undermine Werner's argument that if only two forms can be prepared, his octahedral theory was proven. Probably because his students never examined their crystals under a microscope, they failed to observe the `third' species, thereby ruining Werner's argument since he relied strictly on color to identify them. That was fortunate since our purple salt would have led him to abandon, or certainly delay, his momentous discovery. Our crystals consist of a 1:1 mixture of the cis and trans cations, thereby sharing the same elemental analysis and conductivity as the single salts, but not their crystal structure, inasmuch as X-ray diffraction had not even been discovered then. Serendipitously, our discovery would have been a great boon to his theoretical acumen, while his `two-color' argument may have doomed him.

ELEMENTAL ANALYSIS OF THE ANCIENT BRONZE COINS BY X-RAY FLUORESCENCE TECHNIQUE USING SIMULTANEOUSLY RADIOISOTOPE SOURCE AND X-RAY TUBE

2007 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
NGUYEN THE QUYNH ◽  
TRUONG THI AN ◽  
TRAN DUC THIEP ◽  
NGUYEN DINH CHIEN ◽  
DAO TRAN CAO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Elemental Analysis ◽  
Fluorescence Technique ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Radioisotope Source

scholarly journals On the high scientific quality of early research on strain and deformation fabrics (1835–1908)

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 197-216
Author(s):  
Pablo J. Torres Carbonell
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Strain Analysis ◽  
Historical Review ◽  
Scientific Quality ◽  
High Quality Research ◽  
Strain Ellipsoid ◽  
The Difference ◽  
High Standards ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The 19Th Century

Abstract. High-quality research developed during the 19th century established the foundations of rock strain investigations. Careful observation and description of rock fabrics and deformed objects in rocks allowed early researchers to obtain mathematical expressions that are still used today to quantify strain. Thus, in a span of a few decades, and applying basic scientific methodology, these researchers developed the concept of the strain ellipsoid, defined mathematically the difference between constant-volume and volume-loss deformation, constructed the basic equations that define pure and simple shear deformation, and discovered the mechanism of pressure–solution deformation. These advances were fundamental to seminal works on strain analysis and deformation fabrics in the mid-20th century. However, they are rarely addressed in modern studies, which suggests a lack of awareness among current researchers. In order to bring attention to these landmarks of strain research, I provide a historical review of the high standards of analysis that led to the definition of the fundamental equations and concepts on strain during the 19th century.

scholarly journals From exoticism to diversity: the production of difference in a globalized and fragmented world

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-36
Author(s):  
Michel Nicolau Netto
Keyword(s):  
Social Construction ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
External Space ◽  
Dominant Discourse ◽  
Contemporary World ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Material Conditions ◽  
The 19Th Century

Difference is a social construction, and as such it needs a discourse to produce meaning and be socially effective. As a discourse is always socially and historically grounded, so it is the meaning of difference. This article proposes that the difference in the contemporary world is dominantly articulated in the discourse of diversity, as the discourse of exoticism was the dominant discourse of difference in the 19th Century. This proposal will be proved as I show that, as diversity becomes the appreciated discourse in the present, the exoticism loses its value. Stating that, I will try to understand the conditions of existence of each discourse. I will argue that the exoticism was founded in the 19th century upon three fundaments: imperialism, the idea of progress and nation. They provided the condition for a discourse that based the production of difference on the stable separation of an internal and an external space. After examining the fundaments and their relations with the discourse of exoticism, I will show that the production of difference is no longer based on stable notions of internal and external spaces. Currently, difference is produced on the basis of fragmented and globalized social relations, which requires a discourse flexible enough to cope with these material conditions. The discourse of diversity is this discourse.

Automatic Data Acquisition and Reduction for Elemental Analysis of Aerosol Samples

1973 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
pp. 560-570 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. F. Harrison ◽  
R. A. Eldred
Keyword(s):  
Energy Spectrum ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Data Acquisition ◽  
Elemental Composition ◽  
Elemental Analysis ◽  
Correlation Technique ◽  
Control Data ◽  
Automatic Data ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Automatic Data Acquisition

AbstractA PDF 15/40 computer wich ADC and CAMAC interfaces is used to control data collection apparatus, acquire data, and reduce data to determine the elemental composition of aerosol samples. The background is subtracted from each energy spectrum, peak centers are located automatically using a Gaussian correlation technique, peak multiplets are resolved with Gaussian fits, peak energies are compared with entries in a table of x-ray lines for possible identification, multiple identification of peaks and line interferences are resolved, and the elemental amounts are determined from the areas of the Gaussian fits.

Rubidium in the elemental composition of Brazilian coffee

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (01n02) ◽  
pp. 35-42
Author(s):  
Rafaela Debastiani ◽  
Livio Amaral ◽  
Johnny Ferraz Dias
Keyword(s):  
Trace Element ◽  
Elemental Composition ◽  
Elemental Analysis ◽  
Major Elements ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Ground Coffee

In this paper, a Brazilian roasted ground coffee from a popular brand was analyzed using particle-induced X-ray emission (PIXE). The elemental analysis identified elements such as Mg, Al, Si, P, S, K, Ca, Ti, Mn, Fe, Cu, Zn and Rb. While K, Mg and P are major elements, Mn, Fe, Zn and Rb were found in trace amounts. The presence of rubidium as a trace element in the samples is discussed in view of its presence in Brazilian coffee, soil and other beverages.

Phase Identification and Mapping Based on Valence Loss EELS and ELNES

2009 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 16-19
Author(s):  
R.D. Twesten
Keyword(s):  
Electronic Structure ◽  
Energy Loss ◽  
Elemental Composition ◽  
Elemental Analysis ◽  
Core Loss ◽  
Core Shell ◽  
Phase Identification ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Response Information ◽  
Electron Energy Loss

Much of analytical TEM is based on elemental analysis of core-shell ionizations and their role in electron energy-loss spectroscopy (EELS) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). In these techniques, integrals of the primary or secondary ionization signals (typically over many tens of eV in energy) are used to measure and map the elemental composition of probed sample areas.In contrast, present-day STEM EELS systems are able to reveal spectral details with resolution in the range 0.1-1.0 eV. This means that EELS provides access to electronic structure and response information that goes beyond the simple elemental composition information of the integrated core-loss signals.

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