ISOLATION AND IDENTIFICATION OF FUNGI ASSOCIATED WITH COMPOSTING PROCESS OF MUNICIPAL BIOSOLID WASTE

Organic waste is gradually degraded during composting process, producing carbon dioxide, water, heat, and humus, the relatively stable end product. The degradation process is carried out by living organisms, of which fungi appear to have the most important role since they break down tough debris (cellulose, lignin, and other resistant materials), enabling other microorganisms to continue the decomposition process. In Binh Duong province, municipal organic wastes, recently, being treated by aerobic composting process at industrial scale. In order to properly control the biological composting process and maximize its efficiency, the understanding of involved microorganisms is essential. Therefore, the objective of this study was to isolate and identify the fungi associated with large scale municipal biosolid waste composting process in Vietnam. In this study, we have isolated 10 morphologically different fungal strains from the composting materials, and classified based on morphological characteristics and 18S rDNA sequences. The results showed that these fungal strains belonged to four different genera, including Aspergillus, Penicillium, Monascus, and Trichoderma. Our observation is in consistent with previous study, which found that Aspergillus, Penicillium are dominant fungi in composting materials due to their able to survive high temperatures and break down variety of bio-solid wastes. Beside of that, the two other genera Trichoderma and Monascus are widely known for their ability to break down lignin-rich materials which difficult for biodegradation. The results would be a useful reference for further studies of diversity, and functions of fungi that involved in municipal biosolid waste composting process in Vietnam environmental conditions.

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New species of the genus Spio (Annelida, Spionidae) from the southern and western coasts of Korea

ZooKeys ◽

10.3897/zookeys.1070.73847 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 1070 ◽

pp. 151-164

Author(s):

Geon Hyeok Lee ◽

Karin Meißner ◽

Seong Myeong Yoon ◽

Gi-Sik Min

Keyword(s):

New Species ◽

Anterior Part ◽

Morphological Characteristics ◽

The Body ◽

High Similarity ◽

Rdna Sequences ◽

18S Rdna Sequences ◽

Molecular Information ◽

Nuchal Organs ◽

Black Pigmentation

A new spionid polychaete, Spio pigmentatasp. nov., is described from the southern and western coasts of Korea. This new species differs from its congeners by the combination of the following morphological characteristics: the presence of orange-brown pigmentation on the anterior part of the prostomium, black pigmentation on the peristomium and along the body, U-shaped nuchal organs, a comparatively long extension of metameric dorsal ciliated organs, three pairs of white dots per chaetiger, two to three posterior abranchiate chaetigers, and the presence of tridentate neuropodial hooded hooks. The partial 16S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) and nuclear 18S rDNA sequences of the new species and Spio sp. 2 reported by Abe and Sato-Okoshi (2021) from Japan showed high similarity, indicating that these two specimens belong to the same species. A detailed description and illustrations of the new species, together with molecular information, are provided.

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New species of the genus Spio (Annelida, Spionidae) from the southern and western coasts of Korea

10.3897/arphapreprints.e73871 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Geon Hyeok Lee ◽

Karin Meißner ◽

Seong Myeong Yoon ◽

Gi-Sik Min

Keyword(s):

New Species ◽

Anterior Part ◽

Morphological Characteristics ◽

The Body ◽

High Similarity ◽

Rdna Sequences ◽

18S Rdna Sequences ◽

Molecular Information ◽

Nuchal Organs ◽

Epidermal Glands

A new spionid polychaete, Spio pigmentata sp. nov., is described from the southern and western coasts of Korea. This new species differs from its congeners by the following morphological characteristics combined: the presence of orange-brown pigmentation on the anterior part of the prostomium, black pigmentations on the peristomium and along the body, U-shaped nuchal organs, a comparatively long extension of metameric dorsal ciliated organs, three pairs of ventral epidermal glands per chaetiger, two to three abranchiate chaetigers, and the presence of tridentate neuropodial hooded hooks. The partial 16S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) and nuclear 18S rDNA sequences of the new species and Spio sp. 2 reported by Abe and Sato-Okoshi (2021) from Japan showed high similarity, indicating that these two belong to the same species. A detailed description and illustrations of the new species, together with molecular information, are provided.

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Phylogenetic relationships between Toxoplasma and Sarcocystis deduced from a comparison of 18S rDNA sequences

Parasitology ◽

10.1017/s0031182000065239 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 110 (5) ◽

pp. 521-528 ◽

Cited By ~ 24

Author(s):

J. T. Ellis ◽

K. Luton ◽

P. R. Baverstock ◽

G. Whitworth ◽

A. M. Tenter ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ribosomal Rna ◽

Phylogenetic Analyses ◽

Morphological Characteristics ◽

Rrna Genes ◽

Cycle Structure ◽

Rdna Sequences ◽

18S Rdna Sequences ◽

18S Rrna Genes ◽

Rrna Sequences ◽

Sarcocystis Tenella

SUMMARYThe current taxonomy of parasites in the genus Sarcocystis is largely based on morphological characteristics as well as on host specificity and life-cycle structure. Recently, phylogenetic analyses of partial ribosomal RNA (rRNA) sequences provided support for paraphyly of Sarcocystis. We have tested the validity of this hypothesis by sequencing the complete 18S rRNA genes of Sarcocystis arieticanis, Sarcocystis gigantea and Sarcocystis tenella and comparing them with gene sequences derived from other taxa of the phylum Apicomplexa. The results obtained from this study do not reject the hypothesis of monophyly of Sarcocystis species, although the bootstrap data were inconclusive for some species.

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Isolation and identification of fungi associated with the spoilage of sweet orange (Citrus sinensis L) and banana (Musa sapientum L) in Sokoto Metropolis

Journal of Applied Biotechnology & Bioengineering ◽

10.15406/jabb.2018.05.00135 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 5 (3) ◽

Author(s):

Muhammad AS ◽

Mohammed IU ◽

Ameh M ◽

Bello I ◽

Haliru BS ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Citrus Sinensis ◽

Sweet Orange ◽

Isolation And Identification ◽

Musa Sapientum ◽

Identification Of Fungi

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Salmonella in Captive Reptiles and Their Environment—Can We Tame the Dragon?

Microorganisms ◽

10.3390/microorganisms9051012 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (5) ◽

pp. 1012

Author(s):

Magdalena Zając ◽

Magdalena Skarżyńska ◽

Anna Lalak ◽

Renata Kwit ◽

Aleksandra Śmiałowska-Węglińska ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Antimicrobial Resistance ◽

Detection Rate ◽

Large Scale ◽

Isolation And Identification ◽

Epidemiological Analysis ◽

High Occurrence ◽

Salmonella Serovars ◽

Floor Surfaces

Reptiles are considered a reservoir of a variety of Salmonella (S.) serovars. Nevertheless, due to a lack of large-scale research, the importance of Reptilia as a Salmonella vector still remains not completely recognized. A total of 731 samples collected from reptiles and their environment were tested. The aim of the study was to assess the prevalence of Salmonella in exotic reptiles kept in Poland and to confirm Salmonella contamination of the environment after reptile exhibitions. The study included Salmonella isolation and identification, followed by epidemiological analysis of the antimicrobial resistance of the isolates. Implementation of a pathway additional to the standard Salmonella isolation protocol led to a 21% increase in the Salmonella serovars detection rate. The study showed a high occurrence of Salmonella, being the highest at 92.2% in snakes, followed by lizards (83.7%) and turtles (60.0%). The pathogen was also found in 81.2% of swabs taken from table and floor surfaces after reptile exhibitions and in two out of three egg samples. A total of 918 Salmonella strains belonging to 207 serovars and serological variants were obtained. We have noted the serovars considered important with respect to public health, i.e., S. Enteritidis, S. Typhimurium, and S. Kentucky. The study proves that exotic reptiles in Poland are a relevant reservoir of Salmonella.

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Beyond Newgrange: Brú na Bóinne in the later Neolithic

Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society ◽

10.1017/ppr.2021.6 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-30

Author(s):

Stephen Davis ◽

Knut Rassmann

Keyword(s):

Large Scale ◽

Morphological Characteristics ◽

World Heritage ◽

Geophysical Survey ◽

World Heritage Site ◽

Late Neolithic ◽

Non Invasive ◽

Heritage Site ◽

New Evidence

The Brú na Bóinne World Heritage Site, Ireland is best known for its megalithic monuments, in particular the great developed passage tombs of Knowth, Dowth, and Newgrange, and its abundance of megalithic art. However, our understanding of the wider Brú na Bóinne landscape has changed beyond all recognition in the last decade owing to the application of modern, non-invasive survey technologies – in particular LiDAR and large-scale geophysical survey – and most recently as a result of the hot, dry summer of 2018 which revealed a series of remarkable cropmarks between Newgrange and the River Boyne. Despite a lack of excavation it can be argued, based on their morphological characteristics, that many of the structures revealed belong within the corpus of late Neolithic ritual/ceremonial structures, including earthen henges, square-in-circle monuments, palisaded enclosures, and pit/post-alignments. These display both extraordinary diversity, yet also commonality of design and architecture, both as a group and with the passage tombs that preceded them. This paper provides an up-to-date survey of the late Neolithic and presumed late Neolithic landscape of Brú na Bóinne. It provides new evidence and new insights from ongoing survey campaigns, suggesting parallels within the British Neolithic but also insular development within some monument classes.

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Phylogeny of the Thoracican Barnacles Based on 18S rDNA Sequences

Journal of Crustacean Biology ◽

10.1163/20021975-99990049 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 20 (2) ◽

pp. 393-398 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

D. James Harris ◽

Laura S. Maxson ◽

Lee F. Braithwaite ◽

Keith A. Crandall

Keyword(s):

18S Rdna ◽

Rdna Sequences ◽

18S Rdna Sequences

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Molecular Identification of Fungal Communities in a Soil Cultivated with Vegetables and Soil Suppressiveness toRhizoctonia solani

Applied and Environmental Soil Science ◽

10.1155/2013/268768 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 2013 ◽

pp. 1-7 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Silvana Pompéia Val-Moraes ◽

Eliamar Aparecida Nascimbem Pedrinho ◽

Eliana Gertrudes Macedo Lemos ◽

Lucia Maria Carareto-Alves

Keyword(s):

Biotic Interactions ◽

Fungal Communities ◽

Native Forest ◽

Metagenomic Dna ◽

Soil Suppressiveness ◽

Rdna Sequences ◽

Pcr Products ◽

Realistic View ◽

18S Rdna Sequences ◽

Total Dna

Fungi constitute an important part of the soil ecosystem, playing key roles in decomposition, cycling processes, and biotic interactions. Molecular methods have been used to assess fungal communities giving a more realistic view of their diversity. For this purpose, total DNA was extracted from bulk soils cultivated with tomato (STC), vegetables (SHC), and native forest (SMS) from three sites of the Taquara Branca river basin in Sumaré County, São Paulo State, Brazil. This metagenomic DNA was used as a template to amplify fungal 18S rDNA sequences, and libraries were constructed inEscherichia coliby cloning PCR products. The plasmid inserts were sequenced and compared to known rDNA sequences in the GenBank database. Of the sequenced clones, 22 were obtained from the SMS sample, 18 from the SHC sample, and 6 from the STC sample. Although most of the clone sequences did not match the sequences present in the database, individual amplified sequences matched with Glomeromycota (SMS), Fungi incertae sedis (SMS), and Neocallimastigomycota (SHC). Most of the sequences from the amplified taxa represent uncultured fungi. The molecular analysis of variance (AMOVA) indicated that fluctuations observed of haplotypes in the composition may be related to herbicide application.

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Degradation Mode of PBAT Mulching Film and Control Methods During Its Degradation Induction Period

Mini-Reviews in Organic Chemistry ◽

10.2174/1570193x18666210813142022 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 ◽

Author(s):

Runmeng Qiao ◽

Xin Wang ◽

Guangjiong Qin ◽

Jialei Liu ◽

Aocheng Cao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Research And Development ◽

Biodegradable Polymers ◽

Large Scale ◽

Degradation Process ◽

Future Research ◽

Plastic Film ◽

Plastic Mulching ◽

Controllable Degradation ◽

Mulching Film ◽

Agricultural Film

: The plastic film plays an important role in China's agricultural production. However, the large-scale use of plastic film has also produced a very serious problem of agricultural film pollution. Biodegradable polymers have attracted much attention because of the environmental pollution caused by traditional plastic mulching film. The most typical one is poly (butylene adipate co butylene terephthalate, PBAT). Poly (Butylene Adipate-co-Terephthalate) (PBAT) is a kind of aliphatic–aromatic polyesters with excellent biodegradability and mechanical processing properties. Therefore, it has been rapidly developed and widely used in the industry. However, there are clear requirements for the degradation period of agricultural film. At present, the degradable materials available on the market are difficult to meet the requirements of all crops for their degradation period. In this paper, the basic properties，degradation process and ways to delay the degradation of PBAT are reviewed to improve the degradation period of plastic film prepared by using this kind of material. Among them, the degradation process includes photodegradation, biodegradation and hydrolysis. The ways to delay the degradation include adding chain extender, light stabilizer, anti-hydrolysis agent and antibacterial agent. These can provide a theoretical basis for the research and development of biodegradable film with controllable degradation cycle. The future research and development of biodegradable polymers mainly focus on controllable degradation rate, stable degradation cycle, new materials and reducing research and development costs.

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