Degradation Mode of PBAT Mulching Film and Control Methods During Its Degradation Induction Period

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Runmeng Qiao ◽  
Xin Wang ◽  
Guangjiong Qin ◽  
Jialei Liu ◽  
Aocheng Cao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Research And Development ◽  
Biodegradable Polymers ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Degradation Process ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Plastic Film ◽  
Plastic Mulching ◽  
Controllable Degradation ◽  
Mulching Film ◽  
Agricultural Film

: The plastic film plays an important role in China's agricultural production. However, the large-scale use of plastic film has also produced a very serious problem of agricultural film pollution. Biodegradable polymers have attracted much attention because of the environmental pollution caused by traditional plastic mulching film. The most typical one is poly (butylene adipate co butylene terephthalate, PBAT). Poly (Butylene Adipate-co-Terephthalate) (PBAT) is a kind of aliphatic–aromatic polyesters with excellent biodegradability and mechanical processing properties. Therefore, it has been rapidly developed and widely used in the industry. However, there are clear requirements for the degradation period of agricultural film. At present, the degradable materials available on the market are difficult to meet the requirements of all crops for their degradation period. In this paper, the basic properties，degradation process and ways to delay the degradation of PBAT are reviewed to improve the degradation period of plastic film prepared by using this kind of material. Among them, the degradation process includes photodegradation, biodegradation and hydrolysis. The ways to delay the degradation include adding chain extender, light stabilizer, anti-hydrolysis agent and antibacterial agent. These can provide a theoretical basis for the research and development of biodegradable film with controllable degradation cycle. The future research and development of biodegradable polymers mainly focus on controllable degradation rate, stable degradation cycle, new materials and reducing research and development costs.

Change of Attitude, Technology and Practice: Identifying the Change for Increased Value Creation with Customer Co-creation

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 70-82
Author(s):  
Soumi Paul ◽  
Paola Peretti ◽  
Saroj Kumar Datta
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
New Product Development ◽  
Value Creation ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Customer Orientation ◽  
Customer Relationships ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Management Competencies ◽  
Business Decisions ◽  
Prime Concern

Building customer relationships and customer equity is the prime concern in today’s business decisions. The emergence of internet, especially social media like Facebook and Twitter, changed traditional marketing thought to a great extent. The importance of customer orientation is reflected in the axiom, “The customer is the king”. A good number of organizations are engaging customers in their new product development activities via social media platforms. Co-creation, a new perspective in which customers are active co-creators of the products they buy and use, is currently challenging the traditional paradigm. The concept of co-creation involving the customer’s knowledge, creativity and judgment to generate value is considered not only an upcoming trend that introduces new products or services but also fitting their need and increasing value for money. Knowledge and innovation are inseparable. Knowledge management competencies and capacities are essential to any organization that aspires to be distinguished and innovative. The present work is an attempt to identify the change in value creation procedure along with one area of business, where co-creation can return significant dividends. It is on extending the brand or brand category through brand extension or line extension. This article, through an in depth literature review analysis, identifies the changes in every perspective of this paradigm shift and it presents a conceptual model of company-customer-brand-based co-creation activity via social media. The main objective is offering an agenda for future research of this emerging trend and ensuring the way to move from theory to practice. The paper acts as a proposal; it allows the organization to go for this change in a large scale and obtain early feedback on the idea presented. 

A Case Study: Analysis of Patents of Coronaviruses and Covid-19 for Technology Assesment and Future Research

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pankaj Musyuni ◽  
Geeta Aggarwal ◽  
Manju Nagpal ◽  
Ramesh K. Goyal
Keyword(s):  
Disease Management ◽  
Research And Development ◽  
Technological Development ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Large Family ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Biological Drugs ◽  
Ongoing Research ◽  
Patent Literature ◽  
Patent Documents

Background: Protecting intellectual property rights are important and particularly pertinent for inventions which are an outcome of rigorous research and development. While the grant of patents is subject to establishing novelty and inventive step, it further indicates the technological development and helpful for researchers working in the same technical domain. The aim of the present research work is to map the existing work through analysis of patent literature, in the field of Coronaviruses (CoV), particularly COVID-19 (2019-nCoV). CoV is a large family of viruses known to cause illness in human and animals, particularly known for causing respiratory infections as evidenced in earlier times such as in MERS i.e. Middle East Respiratory Syndrome; SRS i.e. Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome. A recently identified novel-coronavirus has known as COVID-19 which has currently caused pandemic situation across the globe. Objective: To expand analysis of patents related to CoV and 2019-nCoV. Evaluation has been conducted by patenting trends of particular strains of identified CoV diseases by present legal status, main concerned countries via earliest priority years and its assignee types and inventors of identified relevant patents. We analyzed the global patent documents to check the scope of claims along with focuses and trends of the published patent documents for the entire CoV family including 2019- nCoV through the present landscape. Methods: To extract the results, Derwent Innovation database is used by a combination of different key-strings. Approximately 3800 patents were obtained and further scrutinized and analyzed. The present write-up also discusses the recent progress of patent applications in a period of the year 2010 to 2020 (present) along with the recent developments in India for the treatment options for CoV and 2019-nCoV. Results: Present analysis showed that key areas of the inventions have been focused on vaccines and diagnostic kits apart from the composition for treatment of CoV. We also observed that no specific vaccine treatments is available for treatment of 2019-nCov, however, developing novel chemical or biological drugs and kits for early diagnosis, prevention and disease management is the primarily governing topic among the patented inventions. The present study also indicates potential research opportunities for the future, particularly to combat 2019-nCoV. Conclusion: The present paper analyzes the existing patents in the field of Coronaviruses and 2019-nCoV and suggests a way forward for the effective contribution in this upcoming research area. From the trend analysis, it was observed an increase in filing of the overall trend of patent families for a period of 2010 to the current year. This multifaceted analysis of identified patent literature provides an understanding of the focuses on present ongoing research and grey area in terms of the trends of technological innovations in disease management in patients with CoV and 2019-nCoV. Further, the findings and outcome of the present study offer insights for the proposed research and innovation opportunities and provide actionable information in order to facilitate policymakers, academia, research driven institutes and also investors to make better decisions regarding programmed steps for research and development for the diagnosis, treatment and taking preventive measures for CoV and 2019-nCoV. The present article also emphasizes on the need for future development and the role of academia and collaboration with industry for speedy research with a rationale.

Overview of Subsynchronous Oscillation in Grid-connected Wind Farm

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 969-979
Author(s):  
Xu Pei-Zhen ◽  
Lu Yong-Geng ◽  
Cao Xi-Min
Keyword(s):  
Power Systems ◽  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Wind Farm ◽  
Wind Farms ◽  
Induction Generator ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Stable Operation ◽  
Subsynchronous Oscillation ◽  
Different Types

Background: Over the past few years, the subsynchronous oscillation (SSO) caused by the grid-connected wind farm had a bad influence on the stable operation of the system and has now become a bottleneck factor restricting the efficient utilization of wind power. How to mitigate and suppress the phenomenon of SSO of wind farms has become the focus of power system research. Methods: This paper first analyzes the SSO of different types of wind turbines, including squirrelcage induction generator based wind turbine (SCIG-WT), permanent magnet synchronous generator- based wind turbine (PMSG-WT), and doubly-fed induction generator based wind turbine (DFIG-WT). Then, the mechanisms of different types of SSO are proposed with the aim to better understand SSO in large-scale wind integrated power systems, and the main analytical methods suitable for studying the SSO of wind farms are summarized. Results: On the basis of results, using additional damping control suppression methods to solve SSO caused by the flexible power transmission devices and the wind turbine converter is recommended. Conclusion: The current development direction of the SSO of large-scale wind farm grid-connected systems is summarized and the current challenges and recommendations for future research and development are discussed.

scholarly journals ‘CTRL’: an online, Dynamic Consent and participant engagement platform working towards solving the complexities of consent in genomic research

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matilda A. Haas ◽  
Harriet Teare ◽  
Megan Prictor ◽  
Gabi Ceregra ◽  
Miranda E. Vidgen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Genomic Medicine ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Security And Privacy ◽  
Genomic Research ◽  
Return Of Results ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Design And Development ◽  
Participant Engagement ◽  
Dynamic Consent

AbstractThe complexities of the informed consent process for participating in research in genomic medicine are well-documented. Inspired by the potential for Dynamic Consent to increase participant choice and autonomy in decision-making, as well as the opportunities for ongoing participant engagement it affords, we wanted to trial Dynamic Consent and to do so developed our own web-based application (web app) called CTRL (control). This paper documents the design and development of CTRL, for use in the Australian Genomics study: a health services research project building evidence to inform the integration of genomic medicine into mainstream healthcare. Australian Genomics brought together a multi-disciplinary team to develop CTRL. The design and development process considered user experience; security and privacy; the application of international standards in data sharing; IT, operational and ethical issues. The CTRL tool is now being offered to participants in the study, who can use CTRL to keep personal and contact details up to date; make consent choices (including indicate preferences for return of results and future research use of biological samples, genomic and health data); follow their progress through the study; complete surveys, contact the researchers and access study news and information. While there are remaining challenges to implementing Dynamic Consent in genomic research, this study demonstrates the feasibility of building such a tool, and its ongoing use will provide evidence about the value of Dynamic Consent in large-scale genomic research programs.

scholarly journals Cyberstalking Victimization Model Using Criminological Theory: A Systematic Literature Review, Taxonomies, Applications, Tools, and Validations

Electronics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (14) ◽  
pp. 1670
Author(s):  
Waheeb Abu-Ulbeh ◽  
Maryam Altalhi ◽  
Laith Abualigah ◽  
Abdulwahab Ali Almazroi ◽  
Putra Sumari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Review Paper ◽  
Essential Element ◽  
Routine Activities ◽  
Criminological Theory ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Proposed Model

Cyberstalking is a growing anti-social problem being transformed on a large scale and in various forms. Cyberstalking detection has become increasingly popular in recent years and has technically been investigated by many researchers. However, cyberstalking victimization, an essential part of cyberstalking, has empirically received less attention from the paper community. This paper attempts to address this gap and develop a model to understand and estimate the prevalence of cyberstalking victimization. The model of this paper is produced using routine activities and lifestyle exposure theories and includes eight hypotheses. The data of this paper is collected from the 757 respondents in Jordanian universities. This review paper utilizes a quantitative approach and uses structural equation modeling for data analysis. The results revealed a modest prevalence range is more dependent on the cyberstalking type. The results also indicated that proximity to motivated offenders, suitable targets, and digital guardians significantly influences cyberstalking victimization. The outcome from moderation hypothesis testing demonstrated that age and residence have a significant effect on cyberstalking victimization. The proposed model is an essential element for assessing cyberstalking victimization among societies, which provides a valuable understanding of the prevalence of cyberstalking victimization. This can assist the researchers and practitioners for future research in the context of cyberstalking victimization.

scholarly journals Large-Scale Object Monitoring in Internet-of-Things: Energy-Efficient Perspectives

Electronics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 461
Author(s):  
Yongbin Yim ◽  
Euisin Lee ◽  
Seungmin Oh
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Technological Evolution ◽  
Node Density ◽  
Mobile Objects ◽  
Research Challenges ◽  
Energy Efficient Communication ◽  
Efficient Communication ◽  
Architectural Principles

Recently, the demand for monitoring a certain object covering large and dynamic scopes such as wildfires, glaciers, and radioactive contaminations, called large-scale fluid objects (LFOs), is coming to the fore due to disasters and catastrophes that lately happened. This article provides an analytic comparison of such LFOs and typical individual mobile objects (IMOs), namely animals, humans, vehicles, etc., to figure out inherent characteristics of LFOs. Since energy-efficient monitoring of IMOs has been intensively researched so far, but such inherent properties of LFOs hinder the direct adaptation of legacy technologies for IMOs, this article surveys technological evolution and advances of LFOs along with ones of IMOs. Based on the communication cost perspective correlated to energy efficiency, three technological phases, namely concentration, integration, and abbreviation, are defined in this article. By reviewing various methods and strategies employed by existing works with the three phases, this article concludes that LFO monitoring should achieve not only decoupling from node density and network structure but also trading off quantitative reduction against qualitative loss as architectural principles of energy-efficient communication to break through inherent properties of LFOs. Future research challenges related to this topic are also discussed.

scholarly journals Enhanced Wastewater Treatment by Immobilized Enzymes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jakub Zdarta ◽  
Katarzyna Jankowska ◽  
Karolina Bachosz ◽  
Oliwia Degórska ◽  
Karolina Kaźmierczak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Process Optimization ◽  
Organic Pollutants ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Immobilized Enzymes ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Process Conditions ◽  
Removal Rates ◽  
Catalytic Cycles

Abstract Purpose of Review In the presented review, we have summarized recent achievements on the use of immobilized oxidoreductases for biodegradation of hazardous organic pollutants including mainly dyes, pharmaceuticals, phenols, and bisphenols. In order to facilitate process optimization and achievement of high removal rates, effect of various process conditions on biodegradation has been highlighted and discussed. Recent Findings Current reports clearly show that immobilized oxidoreductases are capable of efficient conversion of organic pollutants, usually reaching over 90% of removal rate. Further, immobilized enzymes showed great recyclability potential, allowing their reuse in numerous of catalytic cycles. Summary Collected data clearly indicates immobilized oxidoreductases as an efficient biocatalytic tools for removal of hazardous phenolic compounds, making them a promising option for future water purification. Data shows, however, that both immobilization and biodegradation conditions affect conversion efficiency; therefore, process optimization is required to achieve high removal rates. Nevertheless, we have demonstrated future trends and highlighted several issues that have to be solved in the near-future research, to facilitate large-scale application of the immobilized oxidoreductases in wastewater treatment.

scholarly journals Constrained Urban Airspace Design for Large-Scale Drone-Based Delivery Traffic

Aerospace ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 38
Author(s):  
Malik Doole ◽  
Joost Ellerbroek ◽  
Victor L. Knoop ◽  
Jacco M. Hoekstra
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Congestion ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Cost Savings ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Fast Time ◽  
Potential Cost ◽  
Horizontal Structure ◽  
Traffic Demand ◽  
Demand Patterns

Large-scale adoption of drone-based delivery in urban areas promise societal benefits with respect to emissions and on-ground traffic congestion, as well as potential cost savings for drone-based logistic companies. However, for this to materialise, the ability of accommodating high volumes of drone traffic in an urban airspace is one of the biggest challenges. For unconstrained airspace, it has been shown that traffic alignment and segmentation can be used to mitigate conflict probability. The current study investigates the application of these principles to a highly constrained airspace. We propose two urban airspace concepts, applying road-based analogies of two-way and one-way streets by imposing horizontal structure. Both of the airspace concepts employ heading-altitude rules to vertically segment cruising traffic according to their travel direction. These airspace configurations also feature transition altitudes to accommodate turning flights that need to decrease the flight speed in order to make safe turns at intersections. While using fast-time simulation experiments, the performance of these airspace concepts is compared and evaluated for multiple traffic demand densities in terms of safety, stability, and efficiency. The results reveal that an effective way to structure drone traffic in a constrained urban area is to have vertically segmented altitude layers with respect to travel direction as well as horizontal constraints imposed to the flow of traffic. The study also makes recommendations for areas of future research, which are aimed at supporting dynamic traffic demand patterns.

scholarly journals Identification of Technology Diffusion by Citation and Main Paths Analysis: The Possibility of Measuring Open Innovation

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 104
Author(s):  
Wei-Hao Su ◽  
Kai-Ying Chen ◽  
Louis Y. Y. Lu ◽  
Ya-Chi Huang
Keyword(s):  
Research And Development ◽  
Technology Development ◽  
Surgical Navigation ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Integrated Analysis ◽  
Reference Network ◽  
Research Topics ◽  
Academic Literature ◽  
Development Trajectory ◽  
Historic Development

This study collected literature on augmented reality (AR) from academic and patent databases to plot the historic development trajectory of AR and forecast its future research and development trends. A total of 3193 and 13,629 papers were collected from academic and patent databases, respectively. First, a network was established using references from the academic literature; main path analysis was conducted on this reference network to plot the overall development trajectory. Subsequent cluster and word cloud analyses revealed the following five major groups of AR research topics: AR surgical navigation applications, AR education applications, AR applications in manufacturing, AR applications in architecture, and AR applications in visual tracking. Subsequently, the relationships between the overall development trajectory and the five AR research topics were compared. Next, the title and abstract of AR-related academic and patent papers were subjected to text mining to identify keywords with a high frequency of occurrence. The results can provide a reference for industry, government, and academia when planning future development strategies for the AR field. This research adopted an integrated analysis procedure to plot the trajectory of AR technology development and applications successfully and effectively, predict future patent research and development directions and produce technological forecasts.

scholarly journals A Survey on Machine-Learning Based Security Design for Cyber-Physical Systems

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 5458
Author(s):  
Sangjun Kim ◽  
Kyung-Joon Park
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Physical System ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Computing System ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Physical Security ◽  
Computing Systems ◽  
Physical Systems ◽  
Security Research ◽  
Simultaneous Control

A cyber-physical system (CPS) is the integration of a physical system into the real world and control applications in a computing system, interacting through a communications network. Network technology connecting physical systems and computing systems enables the simultaneous control of many physical systems and provides intelligent applications for them. However, enhancing connectivity leads to extended attack vectors in which attackers can trespass on the network and launch cyber-physical attacks, remotely disrupting the CPS. Therefore, extensive studies into cyber-physical security are being conducted in various domains, such as physical, network, and computing systems. Moreover, large-scale and complex CPSs make it difficult to analyze and detect cyber-physical attacks, and thus, machine learning (ML) techniques have recently been adopted for cyber-physical security. In this survey, we provide an extensive review of the threats and ML-based security designs for CPSs. First, we present a CPS structure that classifies the functions of the CPS into three layers: the physical system, the network, and software applications. Then, we discuss the taxonomy of cyber-physical attacks on each layer, and in particular, we analyze attacks based on the dynamics of the physical system. We review existing studies on detecting cyber-physical attacks with various ML techniques from the perspectives of the physical system, the network, and the computing system. Furthermore, we discuss future research directions for ML-based cyber-physical security research in the context of real-time constraints, resiliency, and dataset generation to learn about the possible attacks.

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