scholarly journals Waste to energy: investigation, technologies and evaluation system

2007 ◽  
pp. 279-289
Author(s):  
Zhou Gongming ◽  
Zhai Xulu ◽  
Chen Dezhen
Keyword(s):  
International Development ◽  
Evaluation System ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Research Programme ◽  
Development Cooperation ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Waste To Energy ◽  
Separation And Purification ◽  
Municipal Solid Wastes ◽  
Institute Of Technology

Supported by the on going project on "Sustainable Solid Waste Landfill Management in Asia" under the Asian Regional Research Programme on Environmental Technology funded by Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency and Coordinated by Asian Institute of Technology, Thailand, a combined waste-to-energy (WTE) process has been developed in China. In this research two fresh and five aged municipal solid wastes (MSW) samples were investigated and characterized. Based on the analysis of results, suggestions were proposed for the proper WTE system with aged MSW from dumpsites and landfills and fresh MSW considered together. The WTE process included hierarchy of recycling plastics from fresh MSW as raw material and recycling combustibles from aged MSW as RDF. To recycle the plastics from fresh MSW, separation and purification system have been set up and their energy consumption was counted.Two analysis tools including life cycle assessment (LCA) and cost benefit analysis (CBA) have been adopted for the WTE system evaluation. Based on the necessary data collected during investigation process, LCA was carried out for RDF production from aged MSW and utilization in fresh MSW incinerator; and CBA was performed for plastics recycling from fresh MSW; good results have been obtained from those evaluations suggested the proposed WTE processes are promising.

scholarly journals Management of open dumps in Asia challenges and opportunities

2007 ◽  
pp. 305-314
Author(s):  
Kurian Joseph ◽  
R. Nagendran
Keyword(s):  
Solid Waste ◽  
International Development ◽  
Action Plan ◽  
Research Programme ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Development Cooperation ◽  
Solid Waste Disposal ◽  
Soil Fraction ◽  
Institute Of Technology ◽  
Poor Site

The open dump approach, a primitive version of municipal solid waste disposal remains thepredominant option in most of the Asian countries. Problems of shortage of cover, lack ofleachate collection and treatment, inadequate compaction of wastes, poor site design andragpickers working and setting the refuse on fire to recover valuable inorganic items arecommon at such dumps. It is essential that an appropriate status quo analysis is carried outand an achievable, acceptable and affordable strategy and action plan are developed forimplementation in a phased manner. This paper presents the steps that may be initiated tosteadily move from open dumps towards controlled dumps and later to sustainable landfillsbased on the lessons learned from the on going project on "Sustainable Solid Waste LandfillManagement in Asia" under the Asian Regional Research Programme on EnvironmentalTechnology funded by Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency andCoordinated by Asian Institute of Technology, Thailand.The first step in upgrading open dumps to sanitary landfills involves reducing nuisances suchas odors, dust, vermin, and birds. The principle of landfill mining may be used as the driver toconvert this challenging task into an opportunity. The possible outcome would includerecovery of space for future landfills, soil fraction for growing non edible crops as well aslandfill cover material and the plastics for making refuse derived fuel. A natural remediationtechnique such as phytoremediation using higher vascular plants, though slow, is also worthconsidering.

scholarly journals Leucaena for paper industry in Gujarat, India: Case study

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 200-209
Author(s):  
N. K. Khanna ◽  
O. P. Shukla ◽  
M. G. Gogate ◽  
S. L. Narkhede
Keyword(s):  
International Development ◽  
Genetic Improvement ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Paper Industry ◽  
Development Cooperation ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Farm Forestry ◽  
Fuel Wood ◽  
Private Lands

Keynote paper presented at the International Leucaena Conference, 1‒3 November 2018, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.India is one of the major producers/consumers of paper and pulp products (3–4% of global share). Approximately one-fourth of industry raw material has come from wood-based plantations from the 1990s onwards. The greatest development challenge faced by the industry since that time is sourcing robust raw material from agroforestry on private lands. Following genetic improvement of leucaena (Leucaena leucocephala) and realization of its potential as a multiple-use species, it was introduced into India in 1980 under an international cooperation effort with support from the Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency (SIDA). It has since spread across the country as a panacea for rural needs of fuel wood, small timber and cattle forage.The paper industry has found that it has potential as raw material for paper making. One of the largest Indian paper companies is JK Paper Ltd, which has an annual production capacity of 550,000 t/yr with 3 integrated pulp and paper plants located at Songadh (Gujarat), Rayagada (Orissa) and Kagaznagar (Telangana) producing writing and printing paper and virgin packaging boards.This case study describes the leucaena farm forestry plantation program initiated by JK Paper Ltd, Unit CPM (Central Pulp Mills). The unit, under its agroforestry and farm forestry plantation approach, planted leucaena plantations in 2009-2010 in parts of Gujarat, Maharashtra and Madhya Pradesh States. To motivate farmers in the mill’s catchment area, and to build confidence in on-farm plantations, exposure visits were arranged to Andhra Pradesh, where huge tracts of agricultural land were under leucaena plantations. As a result, to date, this unit has engaged >7,800 farmers who have established leucaena plantations covering an area of >18,400 ha.A robust plantation R&D network addressed issues such as seed treatment, seed germination, rhizobial inoculation, geometry of plantations, agro-forestry models, selection and development of high production clones, establishment of clonal seed orchards, genetic improvement through mutation techniques and hybridization programs for wood quality improvement.

scholarly journals The Role of Donor Agencies in Promoting Standardized Project Management in the Spanish Development Non-Government Organizations

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 1490
Author(s):  
Agustín Moya-Colorado ◽  
Nina León-Bolaños ◽  
José L. Yagüe-Blanco
Keyword(s):  
Project Management ◽  
International Development ◽  
Management Practice ◽  
Development Cooperation ◽  
Management Tools ◽  
Governmental Organization ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations ◽  
Funding Mechanisms ◽  
Donor Agencies

Project management is an autonomous discipline that is applied to a huge diversity of activity sectors and that has evolved enormously over the last decades. International Development Cooperation has incorporated some of this discipline’s tools into its professional practice, but many gaps remain. This article analyzes donor agencies’ project management approaches in their funding mechanisms for projects implemented by non-governmental organizations. As case study, we look at the Spanish decentralized donor agencies (Spanish autonomous communities). The analysis uses the PM2 project management methodology of the European Commission, as comparison framework, to assess and systematize the documentation, requirements, and project management tools that non-governmental organizations need to use and fulfill as a condition to access these donors’ project funding mechanisms. The analysis shows coincidence across donors in the priority given to project management areas linked to the iron triangle (scope, cost, and time) while other areas are mainly left unattended. The analysis also identifies industry-specific elements of interest (such as the UN Sustainable Development Goals) that need to be incorporated into project management practice in this field. The use of PM2 as benchmark provides a clear vision of the project management areas that donors could address to better support their non-governmental organization-implemented projects.

Book Reviews

2015 ◽  
Vol 53 (4) ◽  
pp. 1033-1036
Keyword(s):  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Chicago School ◽  
Associate Professor ◽  
Law School ◽  
Hedonic Theory ◽  
The Law ◽  
Institute Of Technology

Matthew D. Adler of Duke University reviews “Happiness and the Law”, by John Bronsteen, Christopher Buccafusco, and Jonathan S. Masur. The Econlit abstract of this book begins: “Assesses how the law affects people's quality of life with a particular focus on criminal punishment and civil lawsuits. Discusses measuring happiness; well-being analysis; well-being analysis versus cost–benefit analysis; happiness and punishment; adaptation, affective forecasting, and civil litigation; some problems with preference theories and objective theories; a hedonic theory of well-being; addressing objections to the hedonic theory; and the future of happiness and the law. Bronsteen is a professor in the Loyola University Chicago School of Law. Buccafusco is an associate professor in the Chicago-Kent School of Law and Codirector of the Center for Empirical Studies of Intellectual Property at the Illinois Institute of Technology. Masur is John P. Wilson Professor of Law in the University of Chicago Law School.”

Integrated Management of Solid Wastes for New York City

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nickolas J. Themelis
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
New York City ◽  
York City ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Integrated Management ◽  
Solid Wastes ◽  
Waste To Energy ◽  
Advanced Technology ◽  
Municipal Solid Wastes ◽  
Energy Plant

This report presents the results of a study that examined alternatives to landfilling the municipal solid wastes (MSW) of New York City. Detailed characterization of the wastes led to their classification, according to materials properties and inherent value, to “recyclable”, “compostable”, “combustible”, and “landfillable”. The results showed that the present rates of recycling (16.6%) and combustion (12.4%) in New York City can be increased by a) implementing an automated, modern Materials Recovery Facility (MRF) that separates the blue bag stream to “recyclables” and “combustibles”, and b) combusting the non-recyclable materials in a Waste-to-Energy (WTE) facility. Combustion of wastes to produce electricity is environmentally much preferable to landfilling. An advanced technology for combustion is that used in a modern Waste-to-Energy plant (SEMASS, Massachusetts) that processes 0.9 million metric tons of MSW per year, generates a net of 610 kWh per metric ton of MSW, recovers ferrous and non-ferrous metals, and has lower emissions than many coal-fired power plants.

scholarly journals Innovation system formation in international development cooperation: The role of intermediaries in urban sanitation

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 333-347 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mara J van Welie ◽  
Wouter P C Boon ◽  
Bernhard Truffer
Keyword(s):  
International Development ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Urban Poor ◽  
Innovation System ◽  
Development Cooperation ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Global Innovation ◽  
Service Sectors ◽  
Intermediary Role ◽  
International Development Cooperation

Abstract The transformation of urban basic service sectors towards more sustainability is one of the ‘grand challenges’ for public policy, globally. A particular urgent problem is the provision of sanitation in cities in low-income countries. The globally dominant centralised sewerage approach has proven incapable to reach many of the urban poor. Recently, an increasing number of actors in international development cooperation has started to develop alternative safely managed non-grid approaches. We approach their efforts as an emerging ‘global innovation system’ and investigate how its development can be supported by systemic intermediaries. We analyse the activities of the ‘Sustainable Sanitation Alliance’, an international network that coordinates activities in the sanitation sector and thereby supports this innovation system. The findings show how demand ing it is to fulfil an intermediary role in a global innovation system, because of the need to consider system processes at different scales, in each phase of system building.

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