Evaluation of the Long-Term Results of Rat Cranial Bone Repair Using a Particular Xenograft

2010 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 167-173 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hakan Develioglu ◽  
SerpilÜnver Saraydın ◽  
Ünal Kartal ◽  
Levent Taner
Keyword(s):  
Bone Formation ◽  
Bone Repair ◽  
Fibrous Tissue ◽  
Bone Defects ◽  
Parietal Bone ◽  
Control Area ◽  
Cranial Bone ◽  
Long Term Results ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Defect Sites

Abstract Bone defects that cannot be healed completely are termed critical-sized defects and can be used to test bone grafts for medicine, dentistry, and periodontology. The aim of the present study was to detect the effects of a xenograft (Unilab Surgibone) on bone building in experimentally created parietal bone defects in rats. Standardized parietal bone defects were created in 16 rats, and each defect had a circular morphology 6 mm in diameter. The right defect sites were filled with porous particle material, and the left site was used as control. After the 3rd, 6th, and 12th months, rats were killed and tissue samples obtained from the related site of the cranium. Subsequently, histological sections were taken and stained with different stains for evaluation under light microscope. The rate of bone formation was assessed using a semiquantitative method. These results showed that dense collagenous tissue was observed in the control area during the third month, whereas xenograft particles were surrounded by a fibrous tissue layer at the implantation site. Osteoclast-like cells were also observed. There was also no significant bone repair at other observation periods. It can be concluded that the material used had no evidence of resorption and does not enhance bone formation. However, it seems biocompatible, osteoconductive, and could be used in a limited manner as a material for filling osseous defects in clinical practice.

scholarly journals Reduced Bone Neoformation in Smoking Rat’s Calvaria Grafted with Bone Ceramic

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronaldo Costa da Fonseca
Keyword(s):  
Cigarette Smoke ◽  
Bone Repair ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Test Group ◽  
Bone Defects ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
Parietal Bone ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
The Impact

The impact of cigarette smoke on bone grafts in implantodontics has been discussed in the scientific literature. The present study aimed to evaluate bone repair in calvaria of rats after the performance of critical bone defects and graft of bone ceramic biomaterial in animals exposed or not to cigarette smoke. Bone defects of 5mm in diameter were made in parietal bone. Each defect was filled with Bone Ceramic biomaterial. Twenty rats were used and divided into 2groups: test, consisting of 10rats exposed to cigarette smoke; and a control group, consisting of 10rats not exposed to cigarette smoke. The animals were euthanized in the 4th postoperative week and bone tissue samples were extracted to perform the histometric analysis. The test group showed less bone neoformation, with statistical significance (p<0.05) when compared to the control group. We conclude that cigarette smoke had a negative influence on bone neoformation.

scholarly journals Repair of critical-size porcine craniofacial bone defects using a collagen-polycaprolactone composite biomaterial

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marley J Dewey ◽  
Derek J Milner ◽  
Daniel Weisgerber ◽  
Colleen Flanagan ◽  
Marcello Rubessa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Formation ◽  
Bone Regeneration ◽  
Fibrous Tissue ◽  
Bone Defects ◽  
Large Animal ◽  
Collagen Scaffolds ◽  
Shape Fitting ◽  
Large Animal Models ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Mineralized Collagen

Regenerative medicine approaches for massive craniomaxillofacial bone defects face challenges associated with the scale of missing bone, the need for rapid graft-defect integration, and challenges related to inflammation and infection. Mineralized collagen scaffolds have been shown to promote mesenchymal stem cell osteogenesis due to their porous nature and material properties, but are mechanically weak, limiting surgical practicality. Previously, these scaffolds were combined with 3D-printed polycaprolactone mesh to form a scaffold-mesh composite to increase strength and promote bone formation in sub-critical sized porcine ramus defects. Here, we compare the performance of mineralized collagen-polycaprolactone composites to the polycaprolactone mesh in a critical-sized porcine ramus defect model. While there were no differences in overall healing response between groups, our data demonstrated broadly variable metrics of healing regarding new bone infiltration and fibrous tissue formation. Abscesses were present surrounding some implants and polycaprolactone polymer was still present after 9-10 months of implantation. Overall, while there was limited successful healing, with 2 of 22 implants showed substantial levels of bone regeneration, and others demonstrating some form of new bone formation, the results suggest targeted improvements to improve repair of large animal models to more accurately represent craniomaxillofacial bone healing. Notably, strategies to increase osteogenesis throughout the implant, modulate the immune system to support repair, and employ shape-fitting tactics to avoid implant micromotion and resultant fibrosis. Improvements to the mineralized collagen scaffolds involve changes in pore size and shape to increase cell migration and osteogenesis and inclusion or delivery of factors to aid vascular ingrowth and bone regeneration.

scholarly journals Osseous Healing in Surgically Prepared Bone Defects Using Different Grafting Materials: An Experimental Study in Pigs

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Savvas Titsinides ◽  
Theodore Karatzas ◽  
Despoina Perrea ◽  
Efstathios Eleftheriadis ◽  
Leonidas Podaropoulos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Formation ◽  
Bone Repair ◽  
Healing Process ◽  
Bone Substitutes ◽  
Bone Defects ◽  
New Bone Formation ◽  
Post Surgery ◽  
Beta Tricalcium Phosphate ◽  
Close Proximity ◽  
Tissue Specimens

Regeneration of large jaw bone defects still remains a clinical challenge. To avoid incomplete bone repair, bone grafts have been advocated to support the healing process. This study comparatively evaluated new bone formation among a synthetic graft substitute, a human bone derivative, and a bovine xenograft. Materials were placed in 3 out of the 4 bone cavities, while 1 deficit was left empty, serving as a control, in mono-cortical defects, surgically prepared in the porcine calvaria bone. Animals were randomized in 2 groups and euthanized at 8 and 12 weeks. Harvested tissue specimens were qualitatively evaluated by histology. New bone formation was quantitatively measured by histomorphometry. Maximum new bone formation was noticed in defects grafted with beta-tricalcium phosphate b-TCP compared to the other bone substitutes, at 8 and 12 weeks post-surgery. Bovine and human allograft induced less new bone formation compared to empty bone cavity. Histologic analysis revealed that b-TCP was absorbed and substituted significantly, while bovine and human allograft was maintained almost intact in close proximity with new bone. Based on our findings, higher new bone formation was detected in defects filled with b-TCP when compared to bovine and human graft substitutes.

scholarly journals Association of marine Collagen/Biosilicate composites and photobiomodulation in the process of bone healing using an experimental model of calvarial defect

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. e8610816498
Author(s):  
Giovanna Caroline Aparecida do Vale ◽  
Kelly Rossetti Fernandes ◽  
Julia Risso Parisi ◽  
Alan de França Santana ◽  
Matheus de Almeida Cruz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Formation ◽  
Experimental Model ◽  
Histological Analysis ◽  
Bone Defects ◽  
Bone Volume ◽  
Cranial Bone ◽  
Calvarial Defect ◽  
Regenerative Capacity ◽  
Biological Performance ◽  
Over Time

The study comparing the bone regenerative capacity in an experimental model of cranial bone defects in rats, into 3 groups: G1: bone defects irradiated with photobiomodulation; G2: Biosilicate + photobiomodulation and G3: Biosilicate and Spongin + photobiomodulation. Histocompatibility and bone responses were performed after 15 and 45 days of implantation. Histological analysis demonstrated that photobiomodulation irradiated animals presented an increased amount of newly formed over time. Histomorphometry showed higher values for bone volume for G3 and G1, higher values for osteoid volume and number of osteoblasts observed for G3 compared to G2. TGF-β immunolabelling was higher for G2. The values found for VEGF were higher for biosilicate (with or without spongin) 15 days of implantation with an increased difference being observed for G1, 45 days after surgery. In conclusion, the stimulus provided by photobiomodulation associated to the biomimetic composite increased bone formation in the cranial bone defect in rats. Consequently, these data highlight the potential of the introduction of spongin into biosilicate and irradiated with photobiomodulation to improve the biological performance for bone regeneration applications.

scholarly journals Direct contribution of skeletal muscle mesenchymal progenitors to bone repair

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julien Anais ◽  
Kanagalingam Anuya ◽  
Megret Jérome ◽  
Luka Marine ◽  
Ménager Mickaël ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Bone Formation ◽  
Bone Regeneration ◽  
Bone Repair ◽  
Fibrous Tissue ◽  
Fibrotic Response ◽  
Fracture Callus ◽  
Mesenchymal Progenitors ◽  
Direct Contribution ◽  
Bone Injury

AbstractTissue regeneration relies on the activation of tissue resident stem cells concomitant with a transient fibrous tissue deposition to allow functional tissue recovery. Bone regeneration involves skeletal stem/progenitors from periosteum and bone marrow, the formation of a fibrous callus followed by the deposition of cartilage and bone to consolidate the fracture. Here, we show that mesenchymal progenitors residing in skeletal muscle adjacent to the bone fracture play a crucial role in mediating the initial fibrotic response to bone injury and also participate in cartilage and bone formation in the fracture callus. Combined lineage and scRNAseq analyses reveal that skeletal muscle mesenchymal progenitors adopt a fibrogenic fate before they engage in a chondrogenic fate after fracture. In polytrauma, where bone and skeletal muscle are injured, skeletal muscle mesenchymal progenitors fail to undergo fibrogenesis and chondrogenesis. This leads to impaired healing and persistent callus fibrosis originating from skeletal muscle. Thus, essential bone-muscle interactions govern bone regeneration through the direct contribution of skeletal muscle as a source of mesenchymal progenitors driving the fibrotic response and fibrotic remodeling, and supporting cartilage and bone formation.

scholarly journals Periosteal Augmentation of Allograft Bone and its Effect on Implant Fixation - An Experimental Study on 12 Dogs§

2013 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeppe Barckman ◽  
Jorgen Baas ◽  
Mette Sørensen ◽  
Joan E Bechtold ◽  
Kjeld Soballe
Keyword(s):  
Bone Formation ◽  
Bone Graft ◽  
Bone Repair ◽  
Fibrous Tissue ◽  
Titanium Implants ◽  
Allograft Bone ◽  
New Bone Formation ◽  
Implant Fixation ◽  
Implant Surface ◽  
Cambium Layer

Purpose: Periosteum provides essential cellular and biological components necessary for fracture healing and bone repair. We hypothesized that augmenting allograft bone by adding fragmented autologous periosteum would improve fixation of grafted implants. Methods: In each of twelve dogs, we implanted two unloaded cylindrical (10 mm x 6 mm) titanium implants into the distal femur. The implants were surrounded by a 2.5-mm gap into which morselized allograft bone with or without addition of fragmented autologous periosteum was impacted. After four weeks, the animals were euthanized and the implants were evaluated by histomorphometric analysis and mechanical push-out test. Results: Although less new bone was found on the implant surface and increased volume of fibrous tissue was present in the gap around the implant, no difference was found between treatment groups regarding the mechanical parameters. Increased new bone formation was observed in the immediate vicinity of the periosteum fragments within the bone graft. Conclusion: The method for periosteal augmentation used in this study did not alter the mechanical fixation although osseointegration was impaired. The observed activity of new bone formation at the boundary of the periosteum fragments may indicate maintained bone stimulating properties of the transplanted cambium layer. Augmenting the bone graft by smaller fragments of periosteum, isolated cambium layer tissue or cultured periosteal cells could be studied in the future.

Evaluation of Bone Healing of Artificial Defects in Laboratory Animals After Covering with Alloplastic Material

2018 ◽  
Vol 69 (7) ◽  
pp. 1728-1732
Author(s):  
Manuela Chivu ◽  
Cristian Tantar ◽  
Emilian Hutu ◽  
Raluca Monica Comaneanu ◽  
Elena Rusu
Keyword(s):  
Bone Repair ◽  
Healing Process ◽  
Bone Defects ◽  
Parietal Bone ◽  
Laboratory Animals ◽  
Alloplastic Material ◽  
Alloplastic Materials ◽  
Group I ◽  
Left Parietal Bone ◽  
The Right

Bone defects are commonly seen in clinical practice. They are caused by different types of trauma, infections, congenital malformations and cancers. Current approaches to skeletal reconstructive surgery use biomaterials, autografts or allografts. The aim of this study was to analyze bone repair from histologic point of view. To study the repair of bone defects, we used two batches of Wistar mices (Lat Rattus Norvegicus). The 46 subjects under study were divided into two equal lots. In all subjects, a round defect with a diameter of 5 mm was surgically performed on the right and left parietal bone. In the 23 subjects in group I the defect in the left parietal bone was covered with alloplastic material (Osteoset) and the defect in the right parietal bone was not covered with osteoconductive, osteoinductive or osteogenic materials. Regarding subjects in group study II, none of the surgically created bone defects were covered with alloplastic materials. Euthanasia of the subjects included in the study was performed at 2 and 4 months respectively, at the time of surgery. Euthanasia, bone sampling and assembly for microscopic preparations were done on the same day. The histological analysis of a bone repair shows the direct correlation between the healing process and the addition of alloplastic materials (Osteoset).

scholarly journals An experimental model for the study of craniofacial deformities

2010 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 264-268 ◽  
Author(s):  
André de Mendonça Costa ◽  
Gerson Shigeru Kobayashi ◽  
Daniela Franco Bueno ◽  
Marília Trierveiler Martins ◽  
Marcus de Castro Ferreira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Model ◽  
Dura Mater ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Histological Analysis ◽  
Bone Defects ◽  
Cranial Bone ◽  
Craniofacial Abnormalities ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Surgical Model ◽  
Calvarial Defects

PURPOSE: To develop an experimental surgical model in rats for the study of craniofacial abnormalities. METHODS: Full thickness calvarial defects with 10x10-mm and 5x8-mm dimensions were created in 40 male NIS Wistar rats, body weight ranging from 320 to 420 g. The animals were equally divided into two groups. The periosteum was removed and dura mater was left intact. Animals were killed at 8 and 16 weeks postoperatively and cranial tissue samples were taken from the defects for histological analysis. RESULTS: Cranial defects remained open even after 16 weeks postoperatively. CONCLUSION: The experimental model with 5x8-mm defects in the parietal region with the removal of the periosteum and maintenance of the integrity of the dura mater are critical and might be used for the study of cranial bone defects in craniofacial abnormalities.

scholarly journals 3D-printed Biomimetic Bioactive Glass Scaffolds for Bone Regeneration in Rat Calvarial Defects

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Krishna C. R. Kolan ◽  
Yue-Wern Huang ◽  
Julie A. Semon ◽  
Ming C. Leu
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Bone Formation ◽  
Bone Regeneration ◽  
Borate Glass ◽  
Bone Repair ◽  
Selective Laser Sintering ◽  
Fibrous Tissue ◽  
Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2 ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Calvarial Defects

The pore geometry of scaffold intended for the use in the bone repair or replacement is one of the most important parameters in bone tissue engineering. It affects not only the mechanical properties of the scaffold but also the amount of bone regeneration after implantation. Scaffolds with five different architectures (cubic, spherical, x, gyroid, and diamond) at different porosities were fabricated with bioactive borate glass using the selective laser sintering (SLS) process. The compressive strength of scaffolds with porosities ranging from 60% to 30% varied from 1.7 to 15.5 MPa. The scaffold’s compressive strength decreased significantly (up to 90%) after 1-week immersion in simulated body fluids. Degradation of scaffolds is dependent on porosity, in which the scaffold with the largest surface area has the largest reduction in strength. Scaffolds with traditional cubic architecture and biomimetic diamond architecture were implanted in 4.6 mm diameter full-thickness rat calvarial defects for 6 weeks to evaluate the bone regeneration with or without bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2). Histological analysis indicated no significant difference in bone formation in the defects treated with the two different architectures. However, the defects treated with the diamond architecture scaffolds had more fibrous tissue formation and thus have the potential for faster bone formation. Overall, the results indicated that borate glass scaffolds fabricated using the SLS process have the potential for bone repair and the addition of BMP-2 significantly improves bone regeneration.

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