scholarly journals Association of marine Collagen/Biosilicate composites and photobiomodulation in the process of bone healing using an experimental model of calvarial defect

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. e8610816498
Author(s):  
Giovanna Caroline Aparecida do Vale ◽  
Kelly Rossetti Fernandes ◽  
Julia Risso Parisi ◽  
Alan de França Santana ◽  
Matheus de Almeida Cruz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Formation ◽  
Experimental Model ◽  
Histological Analysis ◽  
Bone Defects ◽  
Bone Volume ◽  
Cranial Bone ◽  
Calvarial Defect ◽  
Regenerative Capacity ◽  
Biological Performance ◽  
Over Time

The study comparing the bone regenerative capacity in an experimental model of cranial bone defects in rats, into 3 groups: G1: bone defects irradiated with photobiomodulation; G2: Biosilicate + photobiomodulation and G3: Biosilicate and Spongin + photobiomodulation. Histocompatibility and bone responses were performed after 15 and 45 days of implantation. Histological analysis demonstrated that photobiomodulation irradiated animals presented an increased amount of newly formed over time. Histomorphometry showed higher values for bone volume for G3 and G1, higher values for osteoid volume and number of osteoblasts observed for G3 compared to G2. TGF-β immunolabelling was higher for G2. The values found for VEGF were higher for biosilicate (with or without spongin) 15 days of implantation with an increased difference being observed for G1, 45 days after surgery. In conclusion, the stimulus provided by photobiomodulation associated to the biomimetic composite increased bone formation in the cranial bone defect in rats. Consequently, these data highlight the potential of the introduction of spongin into biosilicate and irradiated with photobiomodulation to improve the biological performance for bone regeneration applications.

scholarly journals An experimental model for the study of craniofacial deformities

2010 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 264-268 ◽  
Author(s):  
André de Mendonça Costa ◽  
Gerson Shigeru Kobayashi ◽  
Daniela Franco Bueno ◽  
Marília Trierveiler Martins ◽  
Marcus de Castro Ferreira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Model ◽  
Dura Mater ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Histological Analysis ◽  
Bone Defects ◽  
Cranial Bone ◽  
Craniofacial Abnormalities ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Surgical Model ◽  
Calvarial Defects

PURPOSE: To develop an experimental surgical model in rats for the study of craniofacial abnormalities. METHODS: Full thickness calvarial defects with 10x10-mm and 5x8-mm dimensions were created in 40 male NIS Wistar rats, body weight ranging from 320 to 420 g. The animals were equally divided into two groups. The periosteum was removed and dura mater was left intact. Animals were killed at 8 and 16 weeks postoperatively and cranial tissue samples were taken from the defects for histological analysis. RESULTS: Cranial defects remained open even after 16 weeks postoperatively. CONCLUSION: The experimental model with 5x8-mm defects in the parietal region with the removal of the periosteum and maintenance of the integrity of the dura mater are critical and might be used for the study of cranial bone defects in craniofacial abnormalities.

Evaluation of the Long-Term Results of Rat Cranial Bone Repair Using a Particular Xenograft

2010 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 167-173 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hakan Develioglu ◽  
SerpilÜnver Saraydın ◽  
Ünal Kartal ◽  
Levent Taner
Keyword(s):  
Bone Formation ◽  
Bone Repair ◽  
Fibrous Tissue ◽  
Bone Defects ◽  
Parietal Bone ◽  
Control Area ◽  
Cranial Bone ◽  
Long Term Results ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Defect Sites

Abstract Bone defects that cannot be healed completely are termed critical-sized defects and can be used to test bone grafts for medicine, dentistry, and periodontology. The aim of the present study was to detect the effects of a xenograft (Unilab Surgibone) on bone building in experimentally created parietal bone defects in rats. Standardized parietal bone defects were created in 16 rats, and each defect had a circular morphology 6 mm in diameter. The right defect sites were filled with porous particle material, and the left site was used as control. After the 3rd, 6th, and 12th months, rats were killed and tissue samples obtained from the related site of the cranium. Subsequently, histological sections were taken and stained with different stains for evaluation under light microscope. The rate of bone formation was assessed using a semiquantitative method. These results showed that dense collagenous tissue was observed in the control area during the third month, whereas xenograft particles were surrounded by a fibrous tissue layer at the implantation site. Osteoclast-like cells were also observed. There was also no significant bone repair at other observation periods. It can be concluded that the material used had no evidence of resorption and does not enhance bone formation. However, it seems biocompatible, osteoconductive, and could be used in a limited manner as a material for filling osseous defects in clinical practice.

scholarly journals Healing of Bone Defects in Pig’s Femur Using Mesenchymal Cells Originated from the Sinus Membrane with Different Scaffolds

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rita Bou Assaf ◽  
Kazem Zibara ◽  
Mohammad Fayyad-Kazan ◽  
Fatima Al-Nemer ◽  
Manal Cordahi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Formation ◽  
Histological Analysis ◽  
Bone Structure ◽  
Bone Matrix ◽  
Bone Defects ◽  
Clinical Approach ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Older Individuals ◽  
New Bone Formation ◽  
Sinus Membrane

Objective. Repairing bone defects, especially in older individuals with limited regenerative capacity, is still a big challenge. The use of biomimetic materials that can enhance the restoration of bone structure represents a promising clinical approach. In this study, we evaluated ectopic bone formation after the transplantation of human maxillary Schneiderian sinus membrane- (hMSSM-) derived cells embedded within various scaffolds in the femur of pigs. Methods. The scaffolds used were collagen, gelatin, and hydroxyapatite/tricalcium phosphate (HA/βTCP) where fibrin/thrombin was used as a control. Histological analysis was performed for the new bone formation. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) and immunohistochemistry (IHC) were used to assess mRNA and protein levels of specific osteoblastic markers, respectively. Results. Histological analysis showed that the three scaffolds we used can support new bone formation with a more pronounced effect observed in the case of the gelatin scaffold. In addition, mRNA levels of the different tested osteoblastic markers Runt-Related Transcription Factor 2 (RUNX-2), osteonectin (ON), osteocalcin (OCN), osteopontin (OPN), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and type 1 collagen (COL1) were higher, after 2 and 4 weeks, in cell-embedded scaffolds than in control cells seeded within the fibrin/thrombin scaffold. Moreover, there was a very clear and differential expression of RUNX-2, OCN, and vimentin in osteocytes, osteoblasts, hMSSM-derived cells, and bone matrix. Interestingly, the osteogenic markers were more abundant, at both time points, in cell-embedded gelatin scaffold than in other scaffolds (collagen, HA/βTCP, fibrin/thrombin). Conclusions. These results hold promise for the development of successful bone regeneration techniques using different scaffolds embedded with hMSSM-derived cells. This trial is registered with NCT02676921.

scholarly journals In Vivo Efficacy of Neutrophil-Mediated Bone Regeneration Using a Rabbit Calvarial Defect Model

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (23) ◽  
pp. 13016
Author(s):  
Thanuja D. K. Herath ◽  
Leonardo Saigo ◽  
Benoit Schaller ◽  
Anis Larbi ◽  
Swee Hin Teoh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Regeneration ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Bone Defects ◽  
Bone Volume ◽  
Surgical Removal ◽  
Calvarial Defect ◽  
Bone Area ◽  
Defect Model ◽  
In Vivo Efficacy

Reconstruction of bone due to surgical removal or disease-related bony defects is a clinical challenge. It is known that the immune system exerts positive immunomodulatory effects on tissue repair and regeneration. In this study, we evaluated the in vivo efficacy of autologous neutrophils on bone regeneration using a rabbit calvarial defect model. Methods: Twelve rabbits, each with two surgically created calvarial bone defects (10 mm diameter), were randomly divided into two groups; (i) single application of neutrophils (SA-NP) vs. SA-NP control, and (ii) repetitive application of neutrophils (RA-NP) vs. RA-NP control. The animals were euthanized at 4 and 8 weeks post-operatively and the treatment outcomes were evaluated by micro-computed tomography, histology, and histomorphometric analyses. Results: The micro-CT analysis showed a significantly higher bone volume fraction (bone volume/total volume) in the neutrophil-treated groups, i.e., median interquartile range (IQR) SA-NP (18) and RA-NP (24), compared with the untreated controls, i.e., SA-NP (7) and RA-NP (14) at 4 weeks (p < 0.05). Similarly, new bone area fraction (bone area/total area) was significantly higher in neutrophil-treated groups at 4 weeks (p < 0.05). Both SA-NP and RA-NP had a considerably higher bone volume and bone area at 8 weeks, although the difference was not statistically significant. In addition, immunohistochemical analysis at 8 weeks revealed a higher expression of osteocalcin in both SA-NP and RA-NP groups. Conclusions: The present study provides first hand evidence that autologous neutrophils may have a positive effect on promoting new bone formation. Future studies should be performed with a larger sample size in non-human primate models. If proven feasible, this new promising strategy could bring clinical benefits for bone defects to the field of oral and maxillofacial surgery.

Comparison of Cellular Response to Anorganic Bone Matrix/Cell Binding Peptide and Allogenic Cranial Bone After Sinus Augmentation in Rhesus Monkeys

2011 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 233-245 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ihab El-Madany ◽  
Hany Emam ◽  
Mohamed Sharawy
Keyword(s):  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Bone Formation ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Mesenchymal Cells ◽  
Cranial Bone ◽  
Nuclear Antigen ◽  
Cell Binding ◽  
Freeze Dried ◽  
Bone Biopsies ◽  
Over Time

Abstract This study compared cellular responses of maxillary sinuses after augmentation with anorganic bovine-derived hydroxyapatite matrix linked to the cell binding polypeptide P-15 (ABM/P-15) or PepGen P-15 and allogenic freeze-dried cranial bone slabs. Five adult Macaque fascicularis monkeys were used. On one side, the floor of the sinus was augmented with ABM/P-15, while the other side was augmented with 2 cranial bone slabs. Trephine bone biopsies were obtained 6, 12, and 24 weeks postgrafting. Animals were sacrificed 8 months after grafting. Soft X-ray microradiography was used to determine bone density. The volume fraction (Vv) of regenerated bone, the number of mesenchymal cells, and the numbers of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA)- and alkaline phosphatase–positive cells at different augmentation sites were measured and compared. Basal bone heights were calculated at surgery and compared with total heights of the augmented sinus floors 8 months postgrafting. Bone formation, number of mesenchymal cells, PCNA index, and alkaline phosphatase index were significantly higher for the ABM/P-15 side than for the allogenic bone–augmented side. Both sides ended with a significant increase in bone height. The PCNA index decreased significantly over time (P &lt; .05), while the alkaline phosphatase index increased significantly (P &lt; .05) over time on both sides. Both graft materials have led to significant augmentation of the floor of the maxillary sinus with new bone; however, new bone formation and maturation were faster on the ABM/P-15 sites.

scholarly journals Histological and radiological changes in cranial bone in the presence of bone wax

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 274-278 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cassio Eduardo Raposo-Amaral ◽  
Ana Beatriz Albino de Almeida ◽  
Gustavo Paschoal ◽  
Daniela Franco Bueno ◽  
Luiz Carlos Vulcano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Formation ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Bone Defects ◽  
Cranial Bone ◽  
Average Amount ◽  
Calvarial Defects ◽  
Radiological Changes ◽  
Left And Right ◽  
Osseous Defect ◽  
The Right

PURPOSE: To quantify the amount of bone formation in the calvarial region of Wistar rats after craniotomy using bone wax as a haemostatic agent. METHODS: Surgery to produce bilateral, symmetric, full-thickness cranial defects (area: 18 mm²) was performed in eight animals. The right side of the cranium remained open and the edges of the left side osseous defect was covered with bone wax. Calvaria were imaged immediately after surgery and 12 weeks postoperatively by computerized tomography. The areas of the bone defects were measured in three-dimensional images using Magics 13.0 (Materialise-Belgic, software CAD). RESULTS: The average amount of bone formation on the left and right side respectively was 4.85 mm² and 8.16 mm². Statistically significant differences between the amount of bone formation on the left and right sides were seen. CONCLUSIONS: Bone wax significantly diminishes the rate of bone formation in calvarial defects in a rat model.

scholarly journals Cell spheroids are as effective as single cells suspensions in the treatment of critical-sized bone defects

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa Findeisen ◽  
Julia Bolte ◽  
Corina Vater ◽  
Cathleen Petzold ◽  
Mandy Quade ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Histological Analysis ◽  
Single Cells ◽  
Bone Defects ◽  
Bone Volume ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Fibrin Gel ◽  
Healthy Human

Abstract Background Due to their multilineage potential and high proliferation rate, mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) indicate a sufficient alternative in regenerative medicine. In comparison to the commonly used 2-dimensional culturing method, culturing cells as spheroids stimulates the cell-cell communication and mimics the in vivo milieu more accurately, resulting in an enhanced regenerative potential. To investigate the osteoregenerative potential of MSC spheroids in comparison to MSC suspensions, cell-loaded fibrin gels were implanted into murine critical-sized femoral bone defects. Methods After harvesting MSCs from 4 healthy human donors and preculturing and immobilizing them in fibrin gel, cells were implanted into 2 mm murine femoral defects and stabilized with an external fixator. Therefore, 26 14- to 15-week-old nu/nu NOD/SCID nude mice were randomized into 2 groups (MSC spheroids, MSC suspensions) and observed for 6 weeks. Subsequently, micro-computed tomography scans were performed to analyze regenerated bone volume and bone mineral density. Additionally, histological analysis, evaluating the number of osteoblasts, osteoclasts and vessels at the defect side, were performed. Statistical analyzation was performed by using the Student’s t-test and, the Mann-Whitney test. The level of significance was set at p = 0.05. Results μCT-analysis revealed a significantly higher bone mineral density of the MSC spheroid group compared to the MSC suspension group. However, regenerated bone volume of the defect side was comparable between both groups. Furthermore, no significant differences in histological analysis between both groups could be shown. Conclusion Our in vivo results reveal that the osteo-regenerative potential of MSC spheroids is similar to MSC suspensions.

scholarly journals Mechanistic Illustration: How Newly-Formed Blood Vessels Stopped by the Mineral Blocks of Bone Substitutes Can Be Avoided by Using Innovative Combined Therapeutics

Biomedicines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 952
Author(s):  
Fabien Bornert ◽  
François Clauss ◽  
Guoqiang Hua ◽  
Ysia Idoux-Gillet ◽  
Laetitia Keller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Regenerative Medicine ◽  
Bone Formation ◽  
Medicinal Product ◽  
Blood Vessels ◽  
Bone Substitute ◽  
Bone Substitutes ◽  
Bone Defects ◽  
New Bone Formation ◽  
Polymeric Component ◽  
Bone Filling

One major limitation for the vascularization of bone substitutes used for filling is the presence of mineral blocks. The newly-formed blood vessels are stopped or have to circumvent the mineral blocks, resulting in inefficient delivery of oxygen and nutrients to the implant. This leads to necrosis within the implant and to poor engraftment of the bone substitute. The aim of the present study is to provide a bone substitute currently used in the clinic with suitably guided vascularization properties. This therapeutic hybrid bone filling, containing a mineral and a polymeric component, is fortified with pro-angiogenic smart nano-therapeutics that allow the release of angiogenic molecules. Our data showed that the improved vasculature within the implant promoted new bone formation and that the newly-formed bone swapped the mineral blocks of the bone substitutes much more efficiently than in non-functionalized bone substitutes. Therefore, we demonstrated that our therapeutic bone substitute is an advanced therapeutical medicinal product, with great potential to recuperate and guide vascularization that is stopped by mineral blocks, and can improve the regeneration of critical-sized bone defects. We have also elucidated the mechanism to understand how the newly-formed vessels can no longer encounter mineral blocks and pursue their course of vasculature, giving our advanced therapeutical bone filling great potential to be used in many applications, by combining filling and nano-regenerative medicine that currently fall short because of problems related to the lack of oxygen and nutrients.

scholarly journals Bone health in spacefaring rodents and primates: systematic review and meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jingyan Fu ◽  
Matthew Goldsmith ◽  
Sequoia D. Crooks ◽  
Sean F. Condon ◽  
Martin Morris ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Formation ◽  
Trabecular Bone ◽  
Bone Health ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Bone Volume ◽  
Trabecular Bone Volume ◽  
Bone Volume Fraction ◽  
Percentage Difference ◽  
Induced Changes

AbstractAnimals in space exploration studies serve both as a model for human physiology and as a means to understand the physiological effects of microgravity. To quantify the microgravity-induced changes to bone health in animals, we systematically searched Medline, Embase, Web of Science, BIOSIS, and NASA Technical reports. We selected 40 papers focusing on the bone health of 95 rats, 61 mice, and 9 rhesus monkeys from 22 space missions. The percentage difference from ground control in rodents was –24.1% [Confidence interval: −43.4, −4.9] for trabecular bone volume fraction and –5.9% [−8.0, −3.8] for the cortical area. In primates, trabecular bone volume fraction was lower by –25.2% [−35.6, −14.7] in spaceflight animals compared to GC. Bone formation indices in rodent trabecular and cortical bone were significantly lower in microgravity. In contrast, osteoclast numbers were not affected in rats and were variably affected in mice. Thus, microgravity induces bone deficits in rodents and primates likely through the suppression of bone formation.

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