An experimental model for the study of craniofacial deformities

PURPOSE: To develop an experimental surgical model in rats for the study of craniofacial abnormalities. METHODS: Full thickness calvarial defects with 10x10-mm and 5x8-mm dimensions were created in 40 male NIS Wistar rats, body weight ranging from 320 to 420 g. The animals were equally divided into two groups. The periosteum was removed and dura mater was left intact. Animals were killed at 8 and 16 weeks postoperatively and cranial tissue samples were taken from the defects for histological analysis. RESULTS: Cranial defects remained open even after 16 weeks postoperatively. CONCLUSION: The experimental model with 5x8-mm defects in the parietal region with the removal of the periosteum and maintenance of the integrity of the dura mater are critical and might be used for the study of cranial bone defects in craniofacial abnormalities.

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Association of marine Collagen/Biosilicate composites and photobiomodulation in the process of bone healing using an experimental model of calvarial defect

Research Society and Development ◽

10.33448/rsd-v10i8.16498 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (8) ◽

pp. e8610816498

Author(s):

Giovanna Caroline Aparecida do Vale ◽

Kelly Rossetti Fernandes ◽

Julia Risso Parisi ◽

Alan de França Santana ◽

Matheus de Almeida Cruz ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bone Formation ◽

Experimental Model ◽

Histological Analysis ◽

Bone Defects ◽

Bone Volume ◽

Cranial Bone ◽

Calvarial Defect ◽

Regenerative Capacity ◽

Biological Performance ◽

Over Time

The study comparing the bone regenerative capacity in an experimental model of cranial bone defects in rats, into 3 groups: G1: bone defects irradiated with photobiomodulation; G2: Biosilicate + photobiomodulation and G3: Biosilicate and Spongin + photobiomodulation. Histocompatibility and bone responses were performed after 15 and 45 days of implantation. Histological analysis demonstrated that photobiomodulation irradiated animals presented an increased amount of newly formed over time. Histomorphometry showed higher values for bone volume for G3 and G1, higher values for osteoid volume and number of osteoblasts observed for G3 compared to G2. TGF-β immunolabelling was higher for G2. The values found for VEGF were higher for biosilicate (with or without spongin) 15 days of implantation with an increased difference being observed for G1, 45 days after surgery. In conclusion, the stimulus provided by photobiomodulation associated to the biomimetic composite increased bone formation in the cranial bone defect in rats. Consequently, these data highlight the potential of the introduction of spongin into biosilicate and irradiated with photobiomodulation to improve the biological performance for bone regeneration applications.

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Evaluation of the Long-Term Results of Rat Cranial Bone Repair Using a Particular Xenograft

Journal of Oral Implantology ◽

10.1563/aaid-joi-d-09-00064 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 36 (3) ◽

pp. 167-173 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Hakan Develioglu ◽

SerpilÜnver Saraydın ◽

Ünal Kartal ◽

Levent Taner

Keyword(s):

Bone Formation ◽

Bone Repair ◽

Fibrous Tissue ◽

Bone Defects ◽

Parietal Bone ◽

Control Area ◽

Cranial Bone ◽

Long Term Results ◽

Tissue Samples ◽

Defect Sites

Abstract Bone defects that cannot be healed completely are termed critical-sized defects and can be used to test bone grafts for medicine, dentistry, and periodontology. The aim of the present study was to detect the effects of a xenograft (Unilab Surgibone) on bone building in experimentally created parietal bone defects in rats. Standardized parietal bone defects were created in 16 rats, and each defect had a circular morphology 6 mm in diameter. The right defect sites were filled with porous particle material, and the left site was used as control. After the 3rd, 6th, and 12th months, rats were killed and tissue samples obtained from the related site of the cranium. Subsequently, histological sections were taken and stained with different stains for evaluation under light microscope. The rate of bone formation was assessed using a semiquantitative method. These results showed that dense collagenous tissue was observed in the control area during the third month, whereas xenograft particles were surrounded by a fibrous tissue layer at the implantation site. Osteoclast-like cells were also observed. There was also no significant bone repair at other observation periods. It can be concluded that the material used had no evidence of resorption and does not enhance bone formation. However, it seems biocompatible, osteoconductive, and could be used in a limited manner as a material for filling osseous defects in clinical practice.

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Histological and radiological changes in cranial bone in the presence of bone wax

Acta Cirurgica Brasileira ◽

10.1590/s0102-86502011000400005 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 26 (4) ◽

pp. 274-278 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Cassio Eduardo Raposo-Amaral ◽

Ana Beatriz Albino de Almeida ◽

Gustavo Paschoal ◽

Daniela Franco Bueno ◽

Luiz Carlos Vulcano ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bone Formation ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Bone Defects ◽

Cranial Bone ◽

Average Amount ◽

Calvarial Defects ◽

Radiological Changes ◽

Left And Right ◽

Osseous Defect ◽

The Right

PURPOSE: To quantify the amount of bone formation in the calvarial region of Wistar rats after craniotomy using bone wax as a haemostatic agent. METHODS: Surgery to produce bilateral, symmetric, full-thickness cranial defects (area: 18 mm²) was performed in eight animals. The right side of the cranium remained open and the edges of the left side osseous defect was covered with bone wax. Calvaria were imaged immediately after surgery and 12 weeks postoperatively by computerized tomography. The areas of the bone defects were measured in three-dimensional images using Magics 13.0 (Materialise-Belgic, software CAD). RESULTS: The average amount of bone formation on the left and right side respectively was 4.85 mm² and 8.16 mm². Statistically significant differences between the amount of bone formation on the left and right sides were seen. CONCLUSIONS: Bone wax significantly diminishes the rate of bone formation in calvarial defects in a rat model.

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Postnatal cadmium administration affects the presence and distribution of carbohydrates in the sperm membrane during maturation in the epididymis in adult Wistar rats

Reproduction Fertility and Development ◽

10.1071/rd20167 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 33 (5) ◽

pp. 349

Author(s):

Joel Hernández-Rodríguez ◽

Edith Arenas-Ríos ◽

Irma Jiménez-Morales ◽

Edith Cortés-Barberena ◽

Sergio Montes ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metal ◽

Sialic Acid ◽

Distribution Pattern ◽

Wistar Rats ◽

Histological Analysis ◽

Sperm Quality ◽

Serum Testosterone ◽

Distribution Patterns ◽

Tissue Samples ◽

Sperm Membrane

Cadmium (Cd) is a heavy metal related to a decrease in sperm parameters. The transit of spermatozoa through the epididymis is necessary to generate changes in the sperm membrane, such as the assembly of various carbohydrates that are added to the spermatazoan’s surface to prepare it for successful fertilisation of the oocyte. No studies have yet analysed whether Cd alters the presence and distribution of these carbohydrates. We aimed to evaluate the changes induced by Cd in the distribution pattern of N-acetylglucosamine, sialic acid, mannose and fucose on the sperm membrane in the epididymis (e.g. caput, corpus, cauda) and if it alters the epididymal epithelium. Male Wistar pups were treated with Cd doses (0.125, 0.25 and 0.5mg/kg) on postnatal days 1–49. At postnatal day 90, they were humanely killed, sperm samples were obtained from the epididymis and tissue samples were taken for histological analysis. Cd concentrations in the blood and epididymis increased in proportion to the dose administered and decreased the serum testosterone levels and sperm quality. Histological analysis revealed alterations in the epithelium in all Cd-treated groups. Cd altered the distribution patterns of carbohydrates and fluorescence indices. All these alterations affected the structure and functioning of sperm.

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A Histological Evaluation of Novel Cyanoacrylate-Based β-TCP Composite in Rat Calvarial Defects

Key Engineering Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.309-311.1133 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 309-311 ◽

pp. 1133-1136 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Sang Bae Lee ◽

Kyeong Jun Park ◽

Doug Youn Lee ◽

Jeong Jong Park ◽

Jae Sun Hwang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Histological Analysis ◽

Weight Ratio ◽

Bone Defects ◽

Histological Evaluation ◽

Control Group ◽

Filling Material ◽

Fibrous Connective Tissue ◽

Implantation Time ◽

Filling Materials ◽

Calvarial Defects

In this study, the osteoconductive properties of novel cyanoacrylate-based filling materials for bone defect were evaluated. A new filling material was prepared by mixing Histoacryl® and acid-treated -tricalcium phosphate ( -TCP). Mixing weight ratio of acid-treated -TCP to Histoacryl® was 5:1. 12 male Spraque-Dawley rats were used in this study. The animals were divided into 4 groups. Critical-sized calvarial defects (8 mm) were created in 9 animals, and then the defects were treated with dense pellet specimen, porous cement-like specimen, and untreated defect for surgical control group. Augmentation treatments were carried out in 3 animals. Histological analysis revealed excellent ostgeoconductive properties of new filling materials. But, some of -TCP particle in the cement-like group were encapsulated by fibrous connective tissue. For the dense pellet group and augmentation treatment group, shape and stability were better maintained during the implantation time than cement like group. These results indicate that our novel -TCP/Histoacryl® composite have the potential to serve as filling materials for bone defects in the dental and plastic surgery.

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Cocos nucifera L. oil alleviates lead acetate-induced reproductive toxicity in sexually-matured male Wistar rats

Journal of Basic and Clinical Physiology and Pharmacology ◽

10.1515/jbcpp-2020-0281 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 0 (0) ◽

Author(s):

Olugbemi T. Olaniyan ◽

Olakunle A. Ojewale ◽

Ayobami Dare ◽

Olufemi Adebayo ◽

Joseph E. Enyojo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Luteinizing Hormone ◽

Lead Acetate ◽

Wistar Rats ◽

Histological Analysis ◽

Cocos Nucifera ◽

Reproductive Toxicity ◽

Positive Control ◽

Negative Control ◽

Male Wistar Rats ◽

Cocos Nucifera L

Abstract Objectives Lead primarily affects male reproductive functions via hormonal imbalance and morphological damage to the testicular tissue with significant alteration in sperm profile and oxidative markers. Though, different studies have reported that Cocos nucifera L. oil has a wide range of biological effects, this study aimed at investigating the effect of Cocos nucifera L. oil on lead acetate-induced reproductive toxicity in male Wistar rats. Methods Twenty (20) sexually matured male Wistar rats (55–65 days) were randomly distributed into four groups (n=5). Group I (negative control)—distilled water orally for 56 days, Group II (positive control)—5 mg/kg bwt lead acetate intraperitoneally (i.p.) for 14 days, Group III—6.7 mL/kg bwt Cocos nucifera L. oil orally for 56 days and Group IV—lead acetate intraperitoneally (i.p.) for 14 days and Cocos nucifera L. oil for orally for 56 days. Rats were sacrificed by diethyl ether, after which the serum, testis and epididymis were collected and used for semen analysis, biochemical and histological analysis. Results The lead acetate significantly increases (p<0.05) testicular and epididymal malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, while a significant reduction (p<0.05) in sperm parameters, organ weight, testosterone and luteinizing hormone was observed when compared with the negative control. The coadministration of Cocos nucifera oil with lead acetate significantly increases (p<0.05) testosterone, luteinizing hormone, sperm parameters and organ weight, with a significant decrease (p<0.05) in MDA levels compared with positive control. Histological analysis showed that lead acetate distorts testicular cytoarchitecture and germ cell integrity while this was normalized in the cotreated group. Conclusions Cocos nucifera oil attenuates the deleterious effects of lead acetate in male Wistar rats, which could be attributed to its polyphenol content and antioxidant properties.

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Sinusoidal electromagnetic fields accelerate bone regeneration by boosting the multifunctionality of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells

Stem Cell Research & Therapy ◽

10.1186/s13287-021-02302-z ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Weigang Li ◽

Wenbin Liu ◽

Wei Wang ◽

Jiachen Wang ◽

Tian Ma ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Tissue Engineering ◽

Stem Cells ◽

Bone Marrow ◽

Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽

Bone Regeneration ◽

Electromagnetic Fields ◽

Bone Defects ◽

Cell Scaffolds ◽

Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽

Calvarial Defects

Abstract Background The repair of critical-sized bone defects is always a challenging problem. Electromagnetic fields (EMFs), used as a physiotherapy for bone defects, have been suspected to cause potential hazards to human health due to the long-term exposure. To optimize the application of EMF while avoiding its adverse effects, a combination of EMF and tissue engineering techniques is critical. Furthermore, a deeper understanding of the mechanism of action of EMF will lead to better applications in the future. Methods In this research, bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) seeded on 3D-printed scaffolds were treated with sinusoidal EMFs in vitro. Then, 5.5 mm critical-sized calvarial defects were created in rats, and the cell scaffolds were implanted into the defects. In addition, the molecular and cellular mechanisms by which EMFs regulate BMSCs were explored with various approaches to gain deeper insight into the effects of EMFs. Results The cell scaffolds treated with EMF successfully accelerated the repair of critical-sized calvarial defects. Further studies revealed that EMF could not directly induce the differentiation of BMSCs but improved the sensitivity of BMSCs to BMP signals by upregulating the quantity of specific BMP (bone morphogenetic protein) receptors. Once these receptors receive BMP signals from the surrounding milieu, a cascade of reactions is initiated to promote osteogenic differentiation via the BMP/Smad signalling pathway. Moreover, the cytokines secreted by BMSCs treated with EMF can better facilitate angiogenesis and osteoimmunomodulation which play fundamental roles in bone regeneration. Conclusion In summary, EMF can promote the osteogenic potential of BMSCs and enhance the paracrine function of BMSCs to facilitate bone regeneration. These findings highlight the profound impact of EMF on tissue engineering and provide a new strategy for the clinical treatment of bone defects.

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Effects of Dietary Inclusion of Bilberry and Walnut Leaves Powder on the Digestive Performances and Health of Tetra SL Laying Hens

Animals ◽

10.3390/ani10050823 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (5) ◽

pp. 823 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Roua Gabriela Popescu ◽

Sorina Nicoleta Voicu ◽

Gratiela Gradisteanu Pircalabioru ◽

Alina Ciceu ◽

Sami Gharbia ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Histological Analysis ◽

Specific Activity ◽

Basal Diet ◽

Intestinal Content ◽

Final Concentration ◽

Control Group ◽

Villus Height ◽

Tissue Samples ◽

Walnut Leaves ◽

Digestive Health

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of dietary inclusion of two additives at the final concentration of 0.5% bilberry (E1) and 1% walnut (E2) leaves powder in the basal diet on digestive health of hens. A total number of 90 Tetra SL hens were divided into two experimental groups (E1 and E2) and one control group (C) consisting of 30 hens each. After four weeks, 10 hens of each group were sacrificed and tissue samples and intestinal content were taken from the duodenum, jejunum, and cecum in order to perform histological, enzymatic, and microbiota analyses. In groups E1 and E2, the histological analysis showed a significant increase of villus height, resulting probably in increased absorption of nutrients in duodenum and jejunum. A decrease in the specific activity of alpha-amylase and trypsin in E1 and E2 for both duodenum and jejunum compared to the control one was also recorded. In addition, the maltase and invertase specific activity in duodenum increased, a tendency that was kept for maltase but not for invertase in jejunum. The cecal microbiota of E1 and E2 individuals was characterized by an increase of Firmicutes and Lactobacilli and a decrease of Enterobacteriaceae. In conclusion, our results indicate that bilberry and walnut leaves additives in feed may improve the health status of the poultry gastrointestinal tract.

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