Dental Implants: Early Versus Standard Two-Stage Loading (Animal Study)

2014 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 84-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mansour Rismanchian ◽  
Farshad Bajoghli ◽  
Tabakhian Gholamreza ◽  
Mohamad Razavi
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sections ◽  
T Test ◽  
Implant Surface ◽  
Bone Implant ◽  
Implant Stability Quotient ◽  
Lower Jaw ◽  
Healing Period ◽  
Early Loading ◽  
Repeated Analysis ◽  
Implant Dentistry

Direct bone formation on the implant surface is a treatment goal in implant dentistry. It was always thought that a healing period of 3 months for the lower jaw and 5–6 months for the upper jaw was required for osseointegration to occur. Recent studies, however, show that with the early loading protocol, osseointegration is possible as well. The goal of this study was to evaluate clinical, histologic, and histomorphometric parameters of implants with early loading protocols and implants that did not undergo the early loading protocol. In this experimental study, the first to the fourth premolar teeth were extracted from the lower jaws of 3 dogs. After a healing period of 3 months, 12 BioHorizons internal implants 4.5 × 10.5 mm were placed in the mandible of the dogs. The implant stability quotient (ISQ) was recorded. After 3 weeks, half of the implants were exposed, and after recording ISQ, polycarbonate crowns were placed on them and occlusion was adjusted so that there was no contact in centric occlusion and no lateral movement with the opposing teeth. After 3 months, the ISQs were recorded for all the implants. Bleeding upon probing and pocket depths were measured for the early loading implants. All the implants were removed using a trephine bur, and cross-sections of 150 μm were prepared, from which the bone implant contact (BIC) and the type of bone around them were obtained. Statistical analysis was conducted with independent t test, paired t test, and repeated analysis of variance. The BIC for the early loaded group was 46.17% ± 12.89%, and for the unloaded group was 44.4% ± 10.45%. This difference was not statistically significant (P = .811). The ISQ for the implants in the early loaded group (before they were removed) was 71 ± 7.35 and that of the unloaded group was 66.75 ± 11.86 .These differences were statistically insignificant. With regard to the result of this study, and the fact that the 2 groups showed no statistically significant differences in a number of major aspects, such as BIC and ISQ, it seems possible to load implants with an earlier than usual protocol with no adverse effects on implant success. It is necessary, however, to follow certain protocols for this type of loading.

Histologic Evaluation of Human Bone Integration on Machined and Sandblasted Acid-etched Titanium Surfaces in Type IV Bone

2007 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sauro Grassi ◽  
Adriano Piattelli ◽  
Daniel S. Ferrari ◽  
Luciene C. Figueiredo ◽  
Magda Feres ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pure Titanium ◽  
Surrounding Tissue ◽  
Commercially Pure Titanium ◽  
Machined Surface ◽  
Implant Surface ◽  
Bone Implant ◽  
Healing Period ◽  
Posterior Maxilla ◽  
Bone Implant Contact ◽  
Etched Surface

Abstract The aim of this preliminary study was to evaluate the influence of a sandblasted acid-etched surface on bone-implant contact percentage (BIC%) as well as the bone density in the threads area (BD%) in type 4 bone after 2 months of unloaded healing. Five subjects (mean age = 42.6 years) received 2 microimplants each during conventional implant surgery in the posterior maxilla. The microimplants with commercially pure titanium surface (machined) and sandblasted acid-etched surface served as the control and test surfaces, respectively. After a healing period of 2 months, the microimplants and the surrounding tissue were removed and prepared for ground sectioning and histomorphometric analysis. One microimplant with a machined surface was found to be clinically unstable at the time of retrieval. Histometric evaluation indicated mean BIC% was 20.66 ± 14.54% and 40.08 ± 9.89% for machined and sandblasted acid-etched surfaces, respectively (P = .03). The BD% was 26.33 ± 19.92% for machined surface and 54.84 ± 22.77% for sandblasted acid-etched surface (P = .015). Within the limits of this study, the data suggest that the sandblasted acid-etched implant surface presented a higher percentage of bone-implant contact compared with machined surfaces, under unloaded conditions in posterior maxilla after a healing period of 2 months.

Histologic Evaluation of an Immediately Loaded Titanium Implant Retrieved from a Human After 6 Months in Function

2004 ◽  
Vol 30 (5) ◽  
pp. 289-296 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Degidi ◽  
Antonio Scarano ◽  
Maurizio Piattelli ◽  
Adriano Piattelli
Keyword(s):  
Direct Contact ◽  
Fibrous Tissue ◽  
Titanium Implant ◽  
Mineralized Tissue ◽  
Implant Surface ◽  
Bone Implant ◽  
Implant Abutment ◽  
Mineralized Tissues ◽  
Histologic Evaluation ◽  
Implant Dentistry

Abstract Clinical and histologic studies have demonstrated that immediate loading can be successfully used in implant dentistry. Many factors are thought to be of importance in obtaining mineralized tissues at the interface. This study describes the implant interface of an immediately loaded implant with a conical implant-abutment connection that had been inserted in the posterior mandible for 6 months. Histology showed that mineralized tissue was present at about 74% ± 6% of the implant interface. No gaps, fibrous tissue, or inflammatory infiltrate were present at the interface. The bone adjacent to the implant was mainly lamellar (90% ± 4.5%). Tetracycline was used to label trabecular bone, and labeled bone was found in direct contact with the implant surface. The extensive labelling by tetracycline demonstrated a large quantity of newly formed bone at the implant interface. The distance between the 2 lines marked by tetracycline was 85 ± 5 mm. The results of this study show that immediately loaded dental implants can form mineralized tissues at the bone-implant interface.

scholarly journals Macrophagic Inflammatory Response Next to Dental Implants with Different Macro- and Micro-Structure: An In Vitro Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 5324
Author(s):  
Maria Menini ◽  
Francesca Delucchi ◽  
Domenico Baldi ◽  
Francesco Pera ◽  
Francesco Bagnasco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Response ◽  
Dental Implants ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Titanium Implants ◽  
Implant Surface ◽  
Bone Implant ◽  
Optimal Outcomes ◽  
Negative Controls ◽  
Inflammatory Effect

(1) Background: Intrinsic characteristics of the implant surface and the possible presence of endotoxins may affect the bone–implant interface and cause an inflammatory response. This study aims to evaluate the possible inflammatory response induced in vitro in macrophages in contact with five different commercially available dental implants. (2) Methods: one zirconia implant NobelPearl® (Nobel Biocare) and four titanium implants, Syra® (Sweden & Martina), Prama® (Sweden & Martina), 3iT3® (Biomet 3i) and Shard® (Mech & Human), were evaluated. After 4 h of contact of murine macrophage cells J774a.1 with the implants, the total RNA was extracted, transcribed to cDNA and the gene expression of the macrophages was evaluated by quantitative PCR (qPCR) in relation to the following genes: GAPDH, YWHAZ, IL1β, IL6, TNFα, NOS2, MMP-9, MMP-8 and TIMP3. The results were statistically analyzed and compared with negative controls. (3) Results: No implant triggered a significant inflammatory response in macrophages, although 3iT3 exhibited a slight pro-inflammatory effect compared to other samples. (4) Conclusions: All the samples showed optimal outcomes without any inflammatory stimulus on the examined macrophagic cells.

scholarly journals Assessment of the Tissue Response to Modification of the Surface of Dental Implants with Carboxyethylphosphonic Acid and Basic Fibroblastic Growth Factor Immobilization (Fgf-2): An Experimental Study on Minipigs

Biology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 358
Author(s):  
Javier Aragoneses ◽  
Ana Suárez ◽  
Nansi López-Valverde ◽  
Francisco Martínez-Martínez ◽  
Juan Manuel Aragoneses
Keyword(s):  
Surface Treatment ◽  
Test Group ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Control Group ◽  
P Value ◽  
Implant Surface ◽  
Bone Contact ◽  
Bone Implant ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of implant surface treatment with carboxyethylphosphonic acid and fibroblast growth factor 2 on the bone–implant interface during the osseointegration period in vivo using an animal model. The present research was carried out in six minipigs, in whose left tibia implants were inserted as follows: eight implants with a standard surface treatment, for the control group, and eight implants with a surface treatment of carboxyethylphosphonic acid and immobilization of FGF-2, for the test group. At 4 weeks after the insertion of the implants, the animals were sacrificed for the histomorphometric analysis of the samples. The means of the results for the implant–bone contact variable (BIC) were 46.39 ± 17.49% for the test group and 34.00 ± 9.92% for the control group; the difference was not statistically significant. For the corrected implant–bone contact variable (BICc), the mean value of the test group was 60.48 ± 18.11%, and that for the control group, 43.08 ± 10.77%; the difference was statistically significant (p-value = 0.035). The new bone formation (BV/TV) showed average results of 27.28 ± 3.88% for the test group and 26.63 ± 7.90% for the control group, meaning that the differences were not statistically significant (p-value = 0.839). Regarding the bone density at the interthread level (BAI/TA), the mean value of the test group was 32.27 ± 6.70%, and that of the control group was 32.91 ± 7.76%, with a p-value of 0.863, while for the peri-implant density (BAP/TA), the mean value of the test group was 44.96 ± 7.55%, and that for the control group was 44.80 ± 8.68%, without a significant difference between the groups. The current research only found a significant difference for the bone–implant contact at the cortical level; therefore, it could be considered that FGF-2 acts on the mineralization of bone tissue. The application of carboxyethylphosphonic acid on the surface of implants can be considered a promising alternative as a biomimetic coating for the immobilization of FGF-2. Despite no differences in the new bone formation around the implants or in the interthread or peri-implant bone density being detected, the biofunctionalization of the implant surface with FGF-2 accelerates the mineralization of the bone–implant interface at the cortical level, thereby reducing the osseointegration period.

scholarly journals A Radiographic and Clinical Comparison of Immediate vs. Early Loading (4 Weeks) of Implants with a New Thermo-Chemically Treated Surface: A Randomized Clinical Trial

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 1223
Author(s):  
Matteo Albertini ◽  
Federico Herrero-Climent ◽  
Carmen María Díaz-Castro ◽  
Jose Nart ◽  
Ana Fernández-Palacín ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Data ◽  
Patient Reported Outcome Measures ◽  
Patient Reported Outcome ◽  
Early Loading ◽  
Patient Reported ◽  
Bone Level ◽  
Marginal Bone Level ◽  
Implant Dentistry ◽  
Edentulous Patients ◽  
Group B

Background: Implant dentistry has evolved over time, resulting in better treatment outcomes for both patients and clinicians. The aim of this trial was to test whether the immediate loading of implants with a platform-switching design influences the marginal bone level, compared to four-week loading, after one year of follow-up. Moreover, a comparison of clinical data regarding implant survival, implant stability, and patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) was conducted. Methods: Klockner® VEGA® implants with a ContacTi® surface were placed in partially edentulous patients in the posterior areas. Group A received an immediately loaded prosthesis (one week) and Group B received an early-loaded prosthesis (four weeks). All abutments were placed at the time of surgery. Radiographic and clinical data were recorded. Results: Twenty-one patients were treated (35 implants). No implants were lost during the study. The final marginal bone level did not show differences between groups. The bone loss at 12 months at the implant level was 0.00 mm for both groups (median). The final implant quotient stability (ISQ) values did not differ between groups (median 73 and 70.25), nor did the other clinical parameters or PROMs. Conclusions: The results suggest that neither of the loading protocols with the implants used influenced the marginal bone level—not the osseointegration rate, clinical conditions, or PROMs.

Section plane selection influences the results of histomorphometric studies: the example of dental implants

2012 ◽  
Vol 57 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sigmar Kopp ◽  
Mareike Warkentin ◽  
Ferenc Öri ◽  
Peter Ottl ◽  
Günther Kundt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Section Plane ◽  
Section Thickness ◽  
Implant Surface ◽  
Bone Implant ◽  
Osseointegrated Implants ◽  
Section Technique ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Bone To Implant Contact ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Dependent Samples

AbstractThis study was designed to determine and statistically analyze bone-to-implant contact (BIC) values for human specimens segmented in at least two different locations.Samples of human bone with fractured osseointegrated implants were obtained from six patients. Sections were prepared, dehydrated, and resin infiltrated. Undecalcified bone sections were produced using the thin-section technique according to Donath, ultimately obtaining a section thickness of approximately 20 μm. Fifteen specimens were available for histomorphometry. The bone sections were digitized and analyzed. The bone-to-metal contact (BMC) parameter was determined histomorphometrically. The BMC was returned in terms of the visibly bone-covered implant surfaces as a percentage of the total implant surface shown.The values obtained for the six implants were arranged as six maximum-distance pairs and tested for significance using the t-test for dependent samples. The mean difference in BIC was 11.69±9.79%. The two-sided test showed a significant difference (p=0.033).The accidental or deliberate choice of section plane for a bone-implant block has an influence on the BIC value. To make BIC values more comparable, a standardization of section planes is desirable.

3D printed Ti6Al4V implant surface promotes bone maturation and retains a higher density of less aged osteocytes at the bone-implant interface

2016 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
pp. 357-367 ◽  
Author(s):  
Furqan A. Shah ◽  
Anders Snis ◽  
Aleksandar Matic ◽  
Peter Thomsen ◽  
Anders Palmquist
Keyword(s):  
Bone Maturation ◽  
Implant Surface ◽  
Bone Implant ◽  
3D Printed

Alkali-Modified Titanium Surface Stimulating Formation of Bone-Implant Interface

2007 ◽  
Vol 361-363 ◽  
pp. 749-752
Author(s):  
J. Strnad ◽  
Jan Macháček ◽  
Z. Strnad ◽  
C. Povýšil ◽  
Marie Strnadová
Keyword(s):  
Titanium Implant ◽  
Surface Characteristics ◽  
Healing Time ◽  
Machined Surface ◽  
Implant Surface ◽  
Bone Implant ◽  
Bone Response ◽  
Modified Surface ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Titanium Implant Surface

This study was carried out to assess the bone response to alkali-modified titanium implant surface (Bio surface), using histomorphometric investigation on an animal model. The mean net contribution of the Bio surface to the increase in bone implant contact (BIC) with reference to the turned, machined surface was evaluated at 7.94 % (BIC/week), within the first five weeks of healing. The contribution was expressed as the difference in the osseointegration rates ( BIC/'healing time) between the implants with alkali modified surface (Bio surface) and those with turned, machined surface. The surface characteristics that differed between the implant surfaces, i.e. surface morphology, specific surface area, contact angle, hydroxylation/hydration, may represent factors that influence the rate of osseointegration.

scholarly journals Applications of Finite Element in Implant Dentistry and Oral Rehabilitation

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 392-397
Author(s):  
Van V. Dam ◽  
Hai A. Trinh ◽  
Dao T. Dung ◽  
Trinh D. Hai
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Dental Implant ◽  
Google Scholar ◽  
Stress Distributions ◽  
Oral Rehabilitation ◽  
Bone Implant ◽  
Bone Interface ◽  
Implant Dentistry

Finite element is widely applied in dentistry to study the stress distributions on adjoining bone, the biomechanics of dental implant and bone; implant and bone interface and study its fatigue behaviors of the implant. This article presents various applications of finite element in implant dentistry. Available articles were searched and reviewed from March 1980 till September 2020 from Pubmed, Scopus, Google Scholar, and Science direct. Relevant studies were included and critically analyzed. Finite element is an important tool in implant dentistry to study the stress distributions on adjoining bone, the biomechanics of dental implant and bone; implant and bone interface, and fatigue behaviors.

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