scholarly journals Reassessing the Periodization of Mural Paintings in the Cave Church of the Southern Mangup Monastery

2020 ◽  
pp. 47-63
Author(s):  
Yuriy Mogarichev ◽  
Alena Ergina
Keyword(s):  
Christian Schools ◽  
Short Intervals ◽  
The Third ◽  
Eastern Side ◽  
15Th Century ◽  
Mural Paintings ◽  
Natural Rock ◽  
Three Stages ◽  
The Church ◽  
Painting System

Introduction. The Southern Monastery is located in the southern part of the Mangup plateau in a natural rock grotto. The cave church is in the eastern side of the grotto. It is decorated with mural paintings. The murals of the church are concentrated in the altar. Frescos are divided into the images on the apse, on the altar arch and on the vaults of the church. Methods. Authors give the periodization of frescos comparing iconography and stylistics. Analysis. The images on the apse are flat. The eaves of the altar arch are similar to the icon row. Saints on the arches of the church have their original compositional solution. The apse’s painting was formed earlier than other architectural divisions of the church interior. The fundamentally different organization of the tectonics of the pictorial surface of the altar arch eave and vaults suggests that different artists made these images at short intervals. Results. The church’s murals of the Southern Mangup Monastery were probably formed in three stages. Different artists, who were the representatives of various eastern Christian schools of sacred painting, made the murals. Due to the closed compositional scheme the painting system appears as an indissoluble whole, despite the definite duration of the murals’ formation in the church of the Southern Mangup Monastery. In general, the paintings of the church of the Southern Mangup Monastery date from the early – the third quarter of the 15th century. Probably this monastery is associated with the ruling dynasty of Theodoro.

scholarly journals CERAMIC ASSEMBLAGES OF THE THIRD QUARTER OF THE 15th CENTURY FROM THE FUNA CASTLE: UTENSILS OF THE «GARRISON KITCHEN»

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-67
Author(s):  
I. B. Teslenko
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Historical Events ◽  
Archaeological Evidence ◽  
The Third ◽  
15Th Century ◽  
The Crimea ◽  
Three Stages ◽  
Last Stage ◽  
Ceramic Assemblages

The Funa fortress is located in southern Crimea and is one of the reference architectural and archaeological complexes of the Northern Pontic Region with precise date of existence. The fortress was built by Mangup authorities near 1423 on the border with possessions of Genoese and was destroyed in a fire during the Turkish invasion of the Crimea in 1475. The detailed chronology of the site which includes three stages of its construction history — 1423, 1425—1450s and 1459—1475, has been developed so far. So it becomes possible to clarify the dating of ceramic finds in line with these periods also. Ceramic assemblages of the last stage from the layers of fire and destruction of 1475 are the most representative. There is the complex from courtyard 1 among them. The ceramic collection includes 101 and 163 fully or partially reconstructed vessels respectively. There are large and average household containers, various kitchen utensils and tableware, both of the local Crimean production and import (Miletus Ware, Spanish Luster and Blue and White Ware, Fritware). The comparative analysis of artefacts made it possible to establish the chronological changes in ceramic assemblages during 25 years. Moreover, statistical and typological studies of the pottery from the layer of fire demonstrated a set of vessels there is suitable for cooking and table setting for at least 40 people. Large number of luxury tableware for diverse using and their location in the context allow suggest that there was a large feast on the platform above the «kitchen», and the remains of this banquet were not removed. According to the archaeological evidence as well as analysis of historical events the inhabitants of the fortress could burn it themselves before Turkish invasion and retreat to the capital of the principality at Mangup. Perhaps the remains of a farewell feast arranged just before leaving was fixed archaeologically.

scholarly journals Prilog poznavanju kasnogotičke skulpture u Rijeci: prijedlog za Leonarda Thannera i nepoznata grupa Oplakivanje Krista

Ars Adriatica ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-80
Author(s):  
Mario Pintarić ◽  
Damir Tulić
Keyword(s):  
16Th Century ◽  
Stylistic Analysis ◽  
Parish Church ◽  
The Third ◽  
15Th Century ◽  
First Time ◽  
Santa Maria ◽  
The Church

The article discusses a late Gothic statue of Pietà in the permanent collection of the Maritime and Historical Museum of the Croatian Littoral in Rijeka. It is a wooden statue with poorly preserved traces of polychrome painting and gilding, discovered in 1920 in the attic of the parish church of Mary’s Assumption in Rijeka. Vanda Ekl dated it to the end of the third quarter of the 15th century without specifying its circle of origin or its history. Based on a stylistic analysis, as well as a series of typological and formal analogies, the Pietà of Rijeka can now be brought into connection with the woodcarver Leonardo Thannner from Bavarian Landshut, active in Friuli during the second half of the 15th century. A crucial comparative example can be found in Thanner’s polychromatic wooden group of The Lamentation of Christ from the church of Santa Maria della Fratta in San Daniele del Friuli (1488). Rijeka Lamentation, a hitherto unknown and here for the first time published statue, can be linked with a workshop or a circle of the Friulian sculptor Giovanni Martini and approximately dated to the first quarter of the 16th century.

The Coherence of Mary Barton: Romance, Realism, and Utopia

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 185-200
Author(s):  
Robert Z. Birdwell
Keyword(s):  
Thomas Carlyle ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
The Third ◽  
Third Stage ◽  
Three Stages ◽  
Mode Of Production

Critics have argued that Elizabeth Gaskell's first novel, Mary Barton (1848), is split by a conflict between the modes of realism and romance. But the conflict does not render the novel incoherent, because Gaskell surpasses both modes through a utopian narrative that breaks with the conflict of form and gives coherence to the whole novel. Gaskell not only depicts what Thomas Carlyle called the ‘Condition of England’ in her work but also develops, through three stages, the utopia that will redeem this condition. The first stage is romantic nostalgia, a backward glance at Eden from the countryside surrounding Manchester. The second stage occurs in Manchester, as Gaskell mixes romance with a realistic mode, tracing a utopian drive toward death. The third stage is the utopian break with romantic and realistic accounts of the Condition of England and with the inadequate preceding conceptions of utopia. This third stage transforms narrative modes and figures a new mode of production.

STRATEGI MAKSIMALISASI ANGGARAN BELANJA PADA BALAI PENELITIAN DAN PENGEMBANGAN LINGKUNGAN HIDUP DAN KEHUTANAN MANOKWARI

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Arif Hasan ◽  
Dedi Budiman Hakim ◽  
Irdika Mansur
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Fiscal Year ◽  
The Third ◽  
Swot Matrix ◽  
Three Stages ◽  
Using Data

This study aims to analyze causes of the low uptake of the budget and formulate a strategy of maximizing the absorption of expenditure on Balai Penelitian dan Pengembangan Lingkungan Hidup dan Kehutanan Manokwari. Respondents involved are 20 people that consist of: treasury officials and holder output of activity. The data used were secondary data in the form of reports on budget realization (LRA) quarter I, II, III and IV of the fiscal year 2011 to 2015, and the primary data were in the form of interviews with the help of a questionnaire. While the analysis of the data used was descriptive analysis using data tabulation, and the analysis of the three stages strategy of the decision making used IFE and EFE matrix, SWOT matrix and QSPM matrix.The results showed that there are 19 factors causing low of budget absorption until the end of the third quarter, and there were 10 drafts of policy as a strategy for maximizing the absorption of the budget on Balai Penelitian dan Pengembangan Lingkungan Hidup dan Kehutanan Manokwari.ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis penyebab rendahnya penyerapan anggaran belanja dan merumuskan strategi maksimalisasi penyerapan anggaran belanja pada Balai Penelitian dan Pengembangan Lingkungan Hidup dan Kehutanan Manokwari. Responden yang terlibat adalah 20 orang yaitu pejabat perbendaharaan dan pemegang output kegiatan. Data yang digunakan adalah data sekunder berupa laporan realisasi anggaran (LRA) triwulan I, II, III dan IV tahun anggaran 2011 sampai 2015, dan data primer berupa wawancara dengan bantuan kuesioner. Sedangkan analisis data yang digunakan adalah analisis deskriptif menggunakan analisis tabulasi, dan analisis analisis strategi tiga tahap pengambilan keputusan menggunakan matriks IFE dan EFE, matriks SWOT dan matriks QSPM. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat 19 faktor penyebab rendahnya penyerapan anggaran belanja sampai akhir triwulan III, dan terdapat 10 rancangan kebijakan sebagai strategi maksimalisasi penyerapan anggaran belanja di Balai Penelitian dan Pengembangan Lingkungan Hidup dan Kehutanan Manokwari.

The Spiritual Evolution of Margarito Bautista

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisa Eastwood Pulido
Keyword(s):  
Native American ◽  
Latter Day Saints ◽  
The Third ◽  
Book Of Mormon ◽  
The World ◽  
Magnum Opus ◽  
Mormon Church ◽  
Spiritual Conquest ◽  
The Church ◽  
The U.S

A spiritual biography, this book chronicles the journey of Margarito Bautista (1878–1961) from Mormonism to the Third Convention, a Latter-day Saint (Mormon) splinter group he fomented in 1935–1936, to Colonia Industrial/Nueva Jerusalén, a polygamist utopia Bautista founded in 1947. It argues that Bautista embraced Mormon belief in indigenous exceptionalism in 1901 and rapidly rose through the ranks of Mormon priesthood until convinced that the Mormon hierarchy was not invested in the development of native American peoples, as promoted in the Church’s canon. This realization resulted in tensions over indigenous self-governance within the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (Mormon Church) and Bautista’s 1937 excommunication. The book contextualizes Bautista’s thought with a chapter on the spiritual conquest of Mexico in 1513 and another on the arrival of Mormons in Mexico. In addition to accounts of Bautista’s congregation-building on both sides of the U.S. border, this volume includes an examination of Bautista’s magnum opus, a 564-page tome hybridizing Aztec history and Book of Mormon narratives, and his prophetic plan for the recovery of indigenous authority in the Americas. Bautista’s excommunication catapulted him into his final spiritual career, that of a utopian founder. In the establishment of his colony, Bautista found a religious home, free from Euro-American oversight, where he implemented his prophetic plan for Mexico’s redemption. His plan included obedience to early Mormonism’s most stringent practices, polygamy and communalism. Bautista nonetheless hoped his community would provide a model for Mexicans willing to prepare the world for Christ’s millennial reign.

The Free Responsible Action of the Individual

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael P. DeJonge
Keyword(s):  
The Novel ◽  
Extreme Situation ◽  
The Third ◽  
Third Phase ◽  
Responsible Action ◽  
Action Type ◽  
Two Phases ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Church

If, as Chapter 12 argues, much of Bonhoeffer’s resistance thinking remains stable even as he undertakes the novel conspiratorial resistance, what is new in his resistance thinking in the third phase? What receives new theological elaboration is the resistance activity of the individual, which in the first two phases was overshadowed by the resistance role played by the church. Indeed, as this chapter shows, Bonhoeffer’s conspiratorial activity is associated with what he calls free responsible action (type 6), and this is the action of the individual, not the church, in the exercise of vocation. As such, the conspiratorial activity is most closely related to the previously developed type 1 resistance, which includes individual vocational action in response to state injustice. But the conspiratorial activity differs from type 1 resistance as individual vocational action in the extreme situation.

scholarly journals “‘But the Fountain Sprang Up and the Bird Sang Down’: Heidegger’s Gathering of the Fourfold and the Seven-Sacraments Font at Salle, Norfolk.”

Religions ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 464
Author(s):  
Marie Clausén
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Art History ◽  
Architectural Elements ◽  
15Th Century ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Medieval Church ◽  
The Church ◽  
As If

My paper analyses the 15th-century seven-sacraments font at the medieval church of St Peter and St Paul at Salle in Norfolk (England). The church guides and gazetteers that describe the font, and the church in which it is situated, owe both their style and content to Art History, focusing as they do on their material and aesthetic dimensions. The guides also tend towards isolating the various elements of the font, and these in turn from the rest of the architectural elements, fittings and furniture of the church, as if they could be meaningfully experienced or interpreted as discrete entities, in isolation from one another. While none of the font descriptions can be faulted for being inaccurate, they can, as a result of these tendencies, be held insufficient, and not quite to the purpose. My analysis of the font, by means of Heidegger’s concept of Dwelling, does not separate the font either from the rest of the church, nor from other fonts, but acknowledges that it comes to be, and be seen as, what it is only when considered as standing in ‘myriad referential relations’ to other things, as well as to ourselves. This perspective has enabled me to draw out what it is about the font at Salle that can be experienced as not merely beautiful or interesting, but also as meaningful to those—believers and non-believers alike—who encounter it. By reconsidering the proper mode of perceiving and engaging with the font, we may spare it from being commodified, from becoming a unit in the standing reserve of cultural heritage, and in so doing, we, too, may be momentarily freed from our false identities as units of production and agents of consumption. The medieval fonts and churches of Norfolk are, I argue, not valuable as a result of their putative antiquarian qualities, but invaluable in their extending to us a possibility of dwelling—as mortals—on the earth—under the sky—before the divinities.

Swedish Rural Society and Political Culture: The Eighteenth- and Nineteenth-Century Experience

Rural History ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Aronsson
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Political Culture ◽  
Rural Society ◽  
Final Decision ◽  
The Third ◽  
Legal Foundation ◽  
Local Parish ◽  
The Church

In 1776, baron Salomon von Otter, governor of the neighbouring county of Halland and jus patronatus of the local parish, stood opposite the men of Öja parish at a meeting outside the church. The powerful nobleman was for the third time arguing for the praiseworthy and legally required task of building a combined school and poor-house in cooperation with the neighbouring parish (where he happened to own most of the land). The peasants of Ö for a third time refused, both in writing and orally, on the grounds of their alleged right to self-government. The baron continued with his persuasions, and presented the support he had from the local nobility, among them the bishop. He was still met with a firm refusal. Eventually the baron ordered that they should build the house, referring (probably without much legal foundation) to his position as jus patronatus. Now everybody surrendered, except one farmer who refused to join in the final decision. This fact was carefully noted by the local clergyman, together with assurances that this unwise stubbornness would not suffice to impede the project.

scholarly journals Corporations and Human Rights Obligations

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 255-275 ◽  
Author(s):  
Denis G ARNOLD
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Transnational Corporations ◽  
Moral Agents ◽  
The Third ◽  
Three Stages ◽  
Argument Proceeds ◽  
Policies And Practices

AbstractThe claim that corporations have human rights obligations remains contentious and can be fraught with confusion. This article synthesizes existing corporate human rights theory and responds to objections to the idea that transnational corporations (TNCs) have human rights obligations. The argument proceeds in three stages. The first section describes the different forms TNCs take and explains why TNCs are properly understood as moral agents responsible for their policies and practices. The second section reviews and explains different philosophical theories of corporate human rights obligations. The third section articulates and responds to objections to the idea that corporations have human rights obligations. The main conclusion of this article is that there are multiple, compelling and overlapping justifications of corporate human rights obligations.

Lamennais

1947 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 205-229 ◽  
Author(s):  
Waldemar Gurian
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Catholic Church ◽  
Early Church ◽  
The Third ◽  
Vatican Council ◽  
Papal Infallibility ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Church ◽  
The Catholic Church

The history of the Catholic Church includes men who, after brilliant services to the Church, died outside her fold. Best known among them is Tertullian, the apologetic writer of the Early Church; less known is Ochino, the third vicar-general of the Capuchins, whose flight to Calvin's Geneva almost destroyed his order. In the nineteenth century there were two famous representatives of this group. Johann von Doellinger refused, when more than seventy years old, to accept the decision of the Vatican Council about papal infallibility. He passed away in 1890 unreconciled, though he had been distinguished for years as the outstanding German Catholic theologian. Félicité de la Mennais was celebrated as the new Pascal and Bossuet of his time before he became the modern Tertullian by breaking with the Church because Pope Gregory XVI rejected his views on the relations between the Church and die world. As he lay deathly ill, his niece, “Madame de Kertanguy asked him: ‘Féli, do you want a priest? Surely, you want a priest?’ Lamennais answered: ‘No.’ The niece repeated: ‘I beg of you.’ But he said with a stronger voice: ‘No, no, no.

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