scholarly journals On the Study of Scythian Mobility Based on Paleoanthropological Materials

2020 ◽  
pp. 275-287
Author(s):  
Maria Dobrovolskaya ◽  
Semen Volodin
Keyword(s):  
Isotopic Composition ◽  
Bone Tissue ◽  
Iron Age ◽  
Tooth Enamel ◽  
Individual Variability ◽  
Early Iron Age ◽  
Population Mobility ◽  
Geochemical Parameters ◽  
Burial Mounds ◽  
The Individual

Introduction. The paper is about the study of the human skeletal remains isotopic composition from Middle Don burial mounds of the Scythian time to characterize the population mobility. Methods and materials. The materials from the monuments of Kolbino 1, Ternovoe 1, Gorki I, Devitsa V, Durovka are considered. Data on the isotopic composition of strontium enamel in teeth and bone tissue is used to estimate the mobility of the population. Information on the isotopic composition of bone carbon collagen and nitrogen is also used to reconstruct food models that reflect cultural traditions as well as environmental patterns. Analysis. Values of 87/86 Sr of bone and tooth enamel are considered as markers of an individuals stay at different ages in a territory similar or different by geochemical parameters to regional Middle Don. Data on the isotopic composition of nitrogen and carbon in bone tissue from the burial mounds are considered with broad comparative data of the steppe Eurasian population of the Early Iron Age. Results. The authors discuss carbon delta values marking the use of C4 type photosynthesis plants. Millet is this cultural plant in Eurasian history of the Early Iron Age. This plant is widely spread in all steppe and nomadic cultures. The individual variability of carbon delta of Middle Don population is increased compared to all others. There are individuals who differ from the majority in lower carbon deltas corresponding to the C3 type of photosynthesis. This feature is proposed to consider as an evidence of contacts with the territories with the antique agriculture traditions.

scholarly journals Mapping and Damage Assessment of “Royal” Burial Mounds in the Siberian Valley of the Kings

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 773 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gino Caspari
Keyword(s):  
Iron Age ◽  
Damage Assessment ◽  
Early Iron Age ◽  
Burial Ground ◽  
River Terrace ◽  
Burial Site ◽  
Southern Siberia ◽  
Northern River ◽  
Preservation Conditions ◽  
Burial Mounds

The Valley of the Kings in Tuva Republic, southern Siberia, is arguably one of the most important archaeological landscapes in the eastern Eurasian steppes. Nonetheless, little information exists about the spatial characteristics and preservation conditions of this burial ground consisting of large “royal” mounds. We map the large monuments of the Uyuk Valley’s northern river terrace and assess their state of preservation based on high-resolution optical satellite data. The burial site consists of several hundred mounds, over 150 of them with diameters of more than 25 m, the largest monuments are bigger than 100 m in diameter. This makes the Valley of the Kings in Tuva Republic one of the largest Early Iron Age burial sites in the Eurasian steppes. Unfortunately, around 92% of the large monuments are in bad condition, mostly due to looting.

scholarly journals Burial Mounds, Ard Marks, and Memory: A Case Study from the Early Iron Age at Bamble, Telemark, Norway

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 207-226
Author(s):  
Christian Løchsen Rødsrud
Keyword(s):  
Social Norms ◽  
Iron Age ◽  
System Analysis ◽  
Early Iron Age ◽  
Viking Age ◽  
Old Field ◽  
Field System ◽  
Burial Mounds ◽  
Point Of Departure

The point of departure for this article is the excavation of two burial mounds and a trackway system in Bamble, Telemark, Norway. One of the mounds overlay ard marks, which led to speculation as to whether the site was ritually ploughed or whether it contained the remains of an old field system. Analysis of the archaeometric data indicated that the first mound was related to a field system, while the second was constructed 500–600 years later. The first mound was probably built to demonstrate the presence of a kin and its social norms, while these norms were renegotiated when the second mound was raised in the Viking Age. This article emphasizes that the ritual and profane aspects were closely related: mound building can be a ritualized practice intended to legitimize ownership and status by the reuse of domestic sites in the landscape. Further examples from Scandinavia indicate that this is a common, but somewhat overlooked, practice.

scholarly journals Objects with Attitude: Biographical Facts and Fallacies in the Study of Late Bronze Age and Early Iron Age Warrior Graves

2002 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 217-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Whitley
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
Iron Age ◽  
Social Identities ◽  
Early Iron Age ◽  
Late Bronze Age ◽  
Cultural Changes ◽  
Or Practice ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Burial Rituals

Aegean prehistory still has to deal with the legacy of ‘Homeric archaeology’. One of these legacies is the ‘warrior grave’, or practice of burying individuals (men?) with weapons which we find both in the Late Bronze Age and the Early Iron Age in the Aegean. This article suggests that the differences between the ‘weapon burial rituals’ in these two periods can tell us much about the kind of social and cultural changes that took place across the Bronze Age/Iron Age ‘divide’ of c. 1100 BC. In neither period, however, can items deposited in ‘warrior graves’ be seen as straightforward biographical facts that tell us what the individual did and suffered in life. Rather, the pattern of grave goods should be seen as a metaphor for a particular kind of identity and ideal. It is only in the Early Iron Age that this identity begins to correspond to the concept of the ‘hero’ as described in the Iliad. One means towards our better understanding of this new identity is to follow up work in anthropology on the biography of objects. It is argued that the ‘life cycle’ of ‘entangled objects’, a cycle which ends in deposition in a grave, provides us with indispensable clues about the nature of new social identities in Early Iron Age Greece.

WIGGLE-MATCH DATING OF A FLOATING OAK CHRONOLOGY FROM AN EARLY IRON AGE GRAVE CONSTRUCTION (ERESZTVÉNYI FOREST, FEHÉRVÁRCSURGÓ, HUNGARY)

Radiocarbon ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Z Kern ◽  
B Jungbert ◽  
A Morgós ◽  
M Molnár ◽  
E Horváth
Keyword(s):  
Tree Ring ◽  
Iron Age ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Ring Width ◽  
Early Iron Age ◽  
Construction Period ◽  
Eastern Border ◽  
Matching Procedure ◽  
Burial Mounds ◽  
Age Range

ABSTRACT Archaeological excavations unearthed three burial mounds between 1983 and 1986 at Fehérvárcsurgó (Hungary). Based on the archaeological determination the site was dated to the Early Iron Age. A complex wooden architecture was observed in the largest tumulus containing inner and outer beam constructions separated by stone blocks. Dendrochronological and radiocarbon (14C) analyses were performed on conserved logs (n=5) to constrain the felling date of the timber, identified as oak, and the construction period of the tumuli. The four longest ringwidth series were synchronized providing a 153-yr-long floating chronology. Five blocks were removed from the cross sections and accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) 14C analysis was performed on the separated α-cellulose. A wiggle-matching procedure was employed as the 14C ages were in agreement with their relative position in the tree-ring sequence and concurred with the expected archaeological period. The calibrated age range of the last extant ring is 747–707 cal BC (95.4%). The earliest possible felling date of the trees used in the construction was between 735 and 695 BC considering the missing sapwood. This is the first 14C dated tree-ring width chronology from the Early Iron Age in Hungary providing a valuable reference for dendroarchaeological studies along the eastern border of the Hallstatt Culture.

scholarly journals OBJECTS OF ANCIENT ART IN CENTRAL ASIA: THE SEARCH FOR THE ORIGIN OF ELEMENTS OF THE EARLY ANIMAL STYLE (the work of the Tuva expedition of the IA RAS)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
И.В. Рукавишникова
Keyword(s):  
Central Asia ◽  
Iron Age ◽  
Aerial Photography ◽  
Early Iron Age ◽  
Single Group ◽  
Wooden Structure ◽  
First Millennium ◽  
Burial Mounds ◽  
First Millennium Bc ◽  
Wooden Structures

В статье обобщаются результаты исследований курганов раннего железного века в Туве с применением аэрофотосъемки для поиска курганов начала I тыс. до н. э., близких по конструкции кургану Аржан-1. Был выявлен курган Аржан-5, находящийся вблизи кургана Аржан-1. Курганная каменная насыпь сильно повреждена, но сохранилась каменно-деревянная конструкция, как и в Аржане-1, и предметы упряжи в зверином стиле. После проведения анализа проб деревянных конструкций, состава бронз и антропологических определений удалось сделать вывод, что Аржан-5 принадлежит к кругу Аржана-1, формирует с ним единую группу курганов и связан общей историей. Выделяется хронологический горизонт археологической культуры Аржана-1, когда уже создаются шедевры древнего искусства архаичного звериного стиля. The paper summarizes the results of the study of the Early Iron Age burial mounds in Tuva using aerial photography for searching constructions from the beginning of the first millennium BC, which are similar in design to the Arzhan-1 mound. The Arzhan-5 mound was revealed, located near the Arzhan-1. It was badly damaged, but the stone-wooden structure has survived and the harness in the animal style was preserved, just like in Arzhan-1. Due to analysis of the samples from wooden structures, of the composition of bronzes and to the anthropological identification, it become possible to conclude that Arzhan-5 belongs to the Arzhan-1 circle they form a single group of mounds and have a common history. The chronological horizon of the archaeological culture of Arzhan-1 is highlighted, when masterpieces of the ancient art of the archaic animal style are already being created.

scholarly journals Detecting Mobility in Early Iron Age Thessaly by Strontium Isotope Analysis

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 590-611 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eleni Panagiotopoulou ◽  
Janet Montgomery ◽  
Geoff Nowell ◽  
Joanne Peterkin ◽  
Argiro Doulgeri-Intzesiloglou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Iron Age ◽  
Tooth Enamel ◽  
Isotope Analysis ◽  
Strontium Isotope ◽  
Early Iron Age ◽  
Population Movements ◽  
Burial Practices ◽  
Strontium Isotope Analysis ◽  
Cultural Transformations ◽  
Non Local

This article presents evidence of population movements in Thessaly, Greece, during the Early Iron Age (Protogeometric period, eleventh–ninth centuriesbc). The method we employed to detect non-local individuals is strontium isotope analysis (87Sr/86Sr) of tooth enamel integrated with the contextual analysis of mortuary practices and osteological analysis of the skeletal assemblage. During the Protogeometric period, social and cultural transformations occurred while society was recovering from the disintegration of the Mycenaean civilization (twelfth centurybc). The analysis of the cemeteries of Voulokaliva, Chloe, and Pharsala, located in southern Thessaly, showed that non-local individuals integrated in the communities we focused on and contributed to the observed diversity in burial practices and to the developments in the formation of a social organization.

scholarly journals ON THE EARLY IRON AGE OF JETYSU: RESULTS OF SOME DATA SYSTEMATIZATION

2018 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 469-484
Author(s):  
G. S. Jumabekova ◽  
G. A. Bazarbayeva
Keyword(s):  
Iron Age ◽  
Early Iron Age ◽  
Early States ◽  
Important Region ◽  
Archaeological Materials ◽  
Steppe Belt ◽  
Ancient Times ◽  
Burial Mounds ◽  
Culture Development ◽  
Eastern Turkestan

Today a big amount of data on the culture of the early Iron Age population of Jetysu has been gathered. This chronological horizon is represented by various monuments — settlements, mounds, petroglyphs, treasures and accidental finds. Systematic studies of the early Iron Age monuments of the region are connected with the name of K. A. Akishev. Jetysu («Seven Rivers» from Kazakh «jety» — «seven», «su» — «water») is a vast region in the historical and cultural aspect, located in the southeast of Kazakhstan. Jetysu is surrounded by steppes and foothills of Saryarka, Kazakh Altay, Central Asia and Eastern Turkestan. In the ancient times Jetysu was one of political, administrative and religious centers of the early states of the Scythian-Saka time. This is vividly evidenced by numerous burial mounds, including so-called royal burial mounds as well as settlements. Some astonishing similarity of a number of elite burial elements of the steppe belt of Eurasia before 1 thousand BC can be explained by the fact that the elitist character of the burials most clearly reflects the main features of the mytho-ritual complex, which s clearly expressed in the funeral-memorial ritual. Further studies of the early nomadic monuments of Jetysu — the most important region, without archaeological materials of which it is impossible to solve the problems of Scythian culture development, are topical.

scholarly journals Numerical Verification of the Wooden Structure of Fortified Settlement from the Early Iron Age in Biskupin

2018 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
pp. 233-245
Author(s):  
Wojciech Terlikowski ◽  
Martyna Gregoriou-Szczepaniak ◽  
Ewa Sobczyńska ◽  
Kacper Wasilewski
Keyword(s):  
Iron Age ◽  
Numerical Models ◽  
Interdisciplinary Team ◽  
Archaeological Site ◽  
Early Iron Age ◽  
Structural Systems ◽  
Numerical Verification ◽  
University Of Technology ◽  
National Heritage ◽  
The Individual

AbstractBiskupin is one of the most recognizable archaeological site in Pola1nd and Central Europe. The origins of the excavations dates back to year 1934 and had lasted almost continuously until 1974. In the framework of the grant from the Ministry of Culture and National Heritage interdisciplinary team of scientists from Archaeological Museum in Biskupin and Warsaw University of Technology performed multi-dimensional analysis of the settlement. Based on the integrated vector documentation, resulting from the photographic documentation, numerical models of structural systems of main types of buildings and defensive rampart were prepared. The aim of the analysis was a verification of the earlier findings of archaeological and architectural researches. The analysis allowed to verify both the arrangement of individual parts of structure of buildings, their work and the interconnection, as well as the possible dimensions of the individual components.

scholarly journals NEW MATERIALS ABOUT BURIAL MOUND OF BRONZE AGE KOZHABALA-I IN KHANTAU MOUNTAINS

2020 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Goriachev ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
Iron Age ◽  
Early Iron Age ◽  
Burial Mound ◽  
New Materials ◽  
The West ◽  
Cultural Traditions ◽  
Field Season ◽  
Burial Mounds ◽  
Two Stages

New materials of burial mound of Bronze Age Kozhabala-1, located in Kozhabala gorge in south part of Khantau mountains are introduced into scientific circulation. According to materials of researches there are 150 burial mounds and stone fencings of Bronze Age and 10 the Early Iron age burial mounds. As result of excavations of 2018 field season 4 constructions of Bronze epoch, where there were fixed 15 graves in stone boxes and cyst. 20 burial places were made according to the cremation rite and corpse-laying in a crouched form on the left side with the head to the West. Received data obtained allow us to distinguish two stages in the functioning of the burial ground – the XIX-XVI centuries BC and XV– turn of XIV/XIII centuries BC. Analysis and systematization let link them with the development of Alakul and Fedorovo cultural traditions of cultural traditions of the Andronovo cultural and historical community in Central Kazakhstan and Jetysu.

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