scholarly journals Award Production in the Red Army During the Great Patriotic War (1941–1945)

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 182-189
Author(s):  
Dmitry Shunyakov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
Personal Interest ◽  
Commanding Officer ◽  
Great Patriotic War ◽  
Red Army ◽  
Military Command ◽  
Personal Accounts ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Military

Introduction. The article analyzes the experience of improving the system of award production in the Red Army during the Great Patriotic War. The author states that the award production at the time of the beginning of the war was unable to ensure mass awarding of soldiers. Methods and materials. Archival materials, published official statistics and scientific literature were used in the implementation of the research tasks. The study was conducted on the basis of the principles of historism, objectivity and systemacity. The need to process quantitative data led to the use of the statistical method. Results. In order to ensure the need of the active army to award, the leadership of the country in the Armed Forces introduced a single command and delegated the right to award to the military command, which awarded on the ground and submitted award documents through the people’s commissariat for approval to the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR. It is noted that in order to optimize the award production in units, formations, personal accounts were introduced, on which award marks and documents, as well as reporting on them were issued. Awarding bodies provided preparation of awarding documentation giving it to the commanding officer (commander) for approving, made rewarding of distinguished ones. Conclusions. It is noted that the measures taken to improve the award production brought it closer to the participants of fights, about 90% of all awards were made by the military command. It is shown that the awarding of military personnel led to the growth of their professional skills through personal interest in the results of combat activities, which was one of the factors of victory in the war.

scholarly journals The headquarters of the Supreme command and its role in the unblocking of Leningrad (1941–1944)

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-29
Author(s):  
Sergei Lysenkov
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Turning Point ◽  
Dialectical Materialism ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
Great Patriotic War ◽  
Red Army ◽  
Military Command ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Military ◽  
The City

Abstract: The subject of the study is information gleaned from documents of the military command, other materials of the great Patriotic war period, revealing the actions of the Supreme command Headquarters and the military Council of the Leningrad front to unblock Leningrad. The chronological order shows the combat actions of the red army troops who defended the city from September 8, 1941 to January 27, 1944 under the conditions of a military blockade. The reasons and consequences of unsuccessful attempts to break the blockade are analyzed, indicating the combat losses of our troops. It shows the strategic importance of the battle of Leningrad in securing a fundamental turning point in the war of the Soviet Union against Nazi Germany. The article uses the method of dialectical materialism, which allowed the author to explore the events and facts associated with the liberation of Leningrad from the Nazi blockade, in their development, relationship and interdependence. The novelty of the study lies in the fact that the author considers the combat actions of the troops of the Leningrad and Volkhov fronts to unblock Leningrad not in the context of the traditional coverage of the breakthrough of the blockade in 1943. and the complete liberation of the city in 1944, and speaks of four more attempts, the first of which was made immediately after the establishment of the blockade in September 1941. unfortunately, none of them reached the goal set by the Stavka, but each attempt created the necessary conditions for success in operations «Iskra» and «Neva-2».

scholarly journals PATRIOTIC EDUCATION OF S.AMANZOLOV OV DURING THE GREAT PATRIOTIC WAR

2021 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
А.А. Oskembay ◽  
◽  
F.K. Kabdrakhmanova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Military Service ◽  
Soviet Society ◽  
Political Leader ◽  
Educational Work ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
Great Patriotic War ◽  
Red Army ◽  
Patriotic Education ◽  
The Military

The article provides an assessment of the patriotic education of S. Amanzholov's soldiers during the Great Patriotic War. A comprehensive analysis of S. Amanzholov's activities as a political leader is presented. The article provides new data on the use of heroic deeds of Kazakh batyrs by scientists to raise the military spirit of soldiers. During the Great Patriotic War, patriotism became the most important value in Soviet society. Selfless devotion to their Motherland manifested itself among millions of Soviet citizens and became a source of unprecedented mass heroism. From February 1942 to June 1946 S. Amanzholov was on active military service in the ranks of the Soviet Army. He conducted political and educational work among soldiers of non-Russian nationality, published in the Kazakh language the "Notebook of the Red Army Agitator" and leaflets about the heroes of the Soviet Union.

scholarly journals The Role of Ombudsman Institutions in Defending the Rights of Military Personnel

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 206-209
Author(s):  
Alexandru Stoian
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
Public Authorities ◽  
Human Rights Protection ◽  
Exclusive Jurisdiction ◽  
Rights Protection ◽  
Military Command ◽  
Almost All ◽  
The Military

Abstract The Ombudsman type institutions are appointed to investigate individuals’ complaints against public authority and represent important actors in human rights protection system and in implementing democratic controls of the security system. These institutions have the task of interrupting human rights and the fundamental freedoms of armed force personnel, as well as ensuring the over-protection and prevention of defamation of armed forces. At the European level, the institutions of the Ombudsman are particularly important for ensuring the accountability of public authorities outside the contradictory environment of the courts. Ombudsman’s general institutions are mandated to receive complaints about all or almost all state organs, and their attributions concern all public services and government branches, including the armed forces. In addition, the ombudsman institutions with exclusive jurisdiction are independent and have exclusive jurisdiction over the armed forces, usually civilian and independent of the military command chain. Also, the Ombudsman institutions operating within the army can be identified and these are not completely independent, most often subordinated to the defense ministry and receive money from the defense budget.

scholarly journals Negative Selection: Prohibitions and Restrictions in Red Army Recruitment on Ethnic Grounds during the Great Patriotic War

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 869-888
Author(s):  
Alexey Yu. Bezugolny
Keyword(s):  
Military Service ◽  
Quantitative Methods ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
Regulatory Framework ◽  
Linguistic Features ◽  
Great Patriotic War ◽  
Red Army ◽  
History Of ◽  
First Time

The present article continues the research about the role of the ethnic factor in Red Army recruitment during the Great Patriotic War, the first part of which was published in RUDN Journal of Russian History 19, no. 2 (May 2020). This time the focus is on admission restrictions and prohibitions for certain Soviet ethnic groups, as well as on purges from the army due to soldiers nationality. The contribution analyzes the major causes and the scale of this phenomenon, as well as the regulatory framework of restrictions and prohibitions and their development during the war. It is established that the reason for such restrictions could be political motives (distrust towards citizens on ethnic grounds), but also the ethno-cultural and linguistic features of conscripts coming from certain nationalities, with the idea that these features prevented their full use in military service. The article analyzes the practice of restrictions on ethnic grounds, including cases when military authorities in the field allowed for significant deviations from the regulatory framework. The scientific novelty of the present research consists in the fact that for the first time the ethnonational aspect of the history of the Red Army during the Great Patriotic War is analyzed with quantitative methods, which made it possible to significantly deepen our understanding of ethnic processes in the Soviet armed forces.

Part 1 The Cold War Era (1945–89), 16 The Yom Kippur War—1973

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dubuisson François ◽  
Koutroulis Vaios
Keyword(s):  
International Relations ◽  
International Organizations ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
Military Operations ◽  
Yom Kippur War ◽  
Specific Incident ◽  
Arab States ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Cold War ◽  
The Military

This contribution discusses the hostilities that opposed Israel against Egypt, Syria and the armed forces of other Arab states, which took place in October 1973. After setting out the context of this confrontation, which is directly linked to the 1967 Six Days War, it presents the legal positions of the main protagonists (Israel, Egypt, Syria) as well as those of third states and international organizations. The third section examines the legality of this resort to force under jus ad bellum and concludes that the military operations on behalf of the Arab states can be justified as an exercise of the right to self-defence. Finally, the conclusions discuss the limited precedential value of this specific incident with respect to the interpretation of the prohibition to use force in international relations.

Memory Makers of the Great Patriotic War

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-32
Author(s):  
Anne E. Hasselmann
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
War Memory ◽  
War Narrative ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
Great Patriotic War ◽  
Red Army ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Impact ◽  
War Commemoration

In the wake of the German invasion of the Soviet Union in June 1941, Soviet museum curators began to establish a museal depiction of the war. This article analyzes these early beginnings of Soviet war commemoration and the curtailing of its surprising heterogeneity in late Stalinism. Historical research has largely ignored the impact of Soviet museum workers (muzeishchiki) on the evolution of Russian war memory. Archival material from the Red Army Museum, now renamed the Central Museum of the Armed Forces, in Moscow and the Belarus Museum of the History of the Great Patriotic War in Minsk documents the unfolding of locally specific war exhibitions which stand in stark contrast to the later homogenized official Soviet war narrative. Yet war memory was not created unilaterally by the curators. Visitors also participated in its making, as the museum guestbooks demonstrate. As “sites of commemoration and learning,” early Soviet war exhibitions reveal the agency of the muzeishchiki and the involvement of the visitors in the “small events” of memory creation.

Empirical Data on Attitudes Toward Autonomous Systems

2021 ◽  
pp. 137-158
Author(s):  
Jai Galliott ◽  
Bianca Baggiarini ◽  
Sean Rupka
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Military Personnel ◽  
Empirical Data ◽  
Autonomous Systems ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
Guiding Principle ◽  
Australian Defence Force ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Military ◽  
The Impact

Combat automation, enabled by rapid technological advancements in artificial intelligence and machine learning, is a guiding principle in the conduct of war today. Yet, empirical data on the impact of algorithmic combat on military personnel remains limited. This chapter draws on data from a historically unprecedented survey of Australian Defence Force Academy cadets. Given that this generation of trainees will be the first to deploy autonomous systems (AS) in a systematic way, their views are especially important. This chapter focuses its analysis on five themes: the dynamics of human-machine teams; the perceived risks, benefits, and capabilities of AS; the changing nature of (and respect for) military labor and incentives; preferences to oversee a robot, versus carrying out a mission themselves; and the changing meaning of soldiering. We utilize the survey data to explore the interconnected consequences of neoliberal governing for cadets’ attitudes toward AS, and citizen-soldiering more broadly. Overall, this chapter argues that Australian cadets are open to working with and alongside AS, but under the right conditions. Armed forces, in an attempt to capitalize on these technologically savvy cadets, have shifted from institutional to occupational employers. However, in our concluding remarks, we caution against unchecked technological fetishism, highlighting the need to critically question the risks of AS on moral deskilling, and the application of market-based notions of freedom to the military domain.

MAJOR MILESTONES OF BELARUSIAN COLLABORATION DEVELOPMENT DURING THE GREAT PATRIOTIC WAR

2020 ◽  
pp. 59-67
Author(s):  
ALEXEY IPATOV
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Third Reich ◽  
Political Elite ◽  
World War ◽  
Special Services ◽  
Great Patriotic War ◽  
Red Army ◽  
The Third Reich ◽  
The Cold War ◽  
The Military

The article is devoted to the study of the phenomenon of Belarusian collaboration during the World War II and the fight against it during the operation «Bagration» to liberate the territory of the Belarusian SSR. The main attention is paid to the activities of its individual representatives and a number of organizations that attempted to cooperate with Nazi Germany for «liberation» from the «Soviet yoke». It emphasizes the interest of the military and political elite of the Third Reich in cooperation with such organizations and the desire to fully control their activities. The author comes to the conclusion that thanks to the actions of Red Army, a significant part of the Belarusian collaborators was eliminated. The remaining supporters of «independence» after the end of World War II often continued their anti-Soviet activities during the cold war, actively cooperating with the special services of Western countries.

«ULYANOVSKAYA SVYAZ» – A UNIQUE TRAINING CENTER FOR MILITARY SIGNALMEN IN THE COUNTRY (on the occasion of the 80th anniversary of the beginning of the Great Patriotic War and the anniversary of Ulyanovsk Higher Military School of Communications)

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-38
Author(s):  
Andrei V. Mankov
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Educational Institution ◽  
Training Center ◽  
Special Equipment ◽  
80Th Anniversary ◽  
Great Patriotic War ◽  
Red Army ◽  
Military School ◽  
Military Facilities ◽  
The Military

May 24, 2021 marks the 85th anniversary of establishing Ulyanovsk Order of the Red Star Higher Military Engineering School of Communications named after G.K. Ordzhonikidze under the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation. Within its walls, more than 25 thousand officers were trained, about 60 of them rose to the rank of generalship, 7 trainees of the school were awarded with the title of the Hero of the Soviet Union, and one of them was awarded with the title of the Hero of Russia. The article is devoted to the experience of training military signalmen in this military educational institution, which is still of interest for specialists. The author of the article considers this topic relevant due to the year of the 80th anniversary of the beginning of the Great Patriotic War. Its purpose is to identify the features of establishing and functioning of the military signal troops school in Ulyanovsk on the eve and during the war against fascism. Ulyanovsk Military School of Communications was formed on the basis of a special equipment school created in 1936 in Ulyanovsk. Transformed into Ulyanovsk Military Technical School, and then – into the military School of communications of the Workers’ and Peasants’ Red Army in 1937, it trained, in particular, signalmen for armored troops. This problem has not been sufficiently studied. The researcher pays special attention to the fact that he met with pre-war graduates of this educational institution, who passed training in the specialty «telemechanics» which was secret in those years. The author uses their memories in his work, which is new in the analysis of this topic. The work also traces the fate of the first head of the school, General T.P. Kargopolov. Summarizing, the author concludes that on the eve of the war, Ulyanovsk School was the first training center for unique military communications specialists in managing military facilities at a distance. After the beginning of the Second World War, Ulyanovsk School of Communications became a major center for training and educating qualified signal officers.

The Armed Forces Broadcast News System: Vietnam Version

1970 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-30
Author(s):  
Randall J. Moody
Keyword(s):  
Armed Forces ◽  
Broadcast News ◽  
Defense Department ◽  
Military Command ◽  
The Military

The former news director of the American Forces Vietnam Network explains how the military command there is able TO violate Defense Department regulations and censor news for G.I.s, in the interest of “image.”

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