scholarly journals Influence of Industrial Emissions on Morphological Signs of Leaves of Greening Plants

2020 ◽  
pp. 26-32
Author(s):  
Tulkin Rakhimov ◽  
Ikram Yusupov ◽  
Zafar Boirov
Keyword(s):  
Tree Species ◽  
Leaf Blade ◽  
Arid Zone ◽  
Biological Indicators ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Scientific Basis ◽  
Industrial Emissions ◽  
Degree Of Stability ◽  
Industrial Regions ◽  
Industrial Zones

Currently, studies of the industrial environment and related theoretical and applied environmental problems are undoubtedly relevant. Therefore, the indicators of environmental monitoring of greening tree species are the main indicators of the ecological situation in the industrial zones of the arid zone of the South of Uzbekistan. The article investigates the effect of SO2 on the morphometric index of leaf blades of some planted trees. Based on the information collected, a morphometric indicator of leaf blades and its relationship with the concentration of sulfur in the atmosphere are provided. Based on the changes in morphological and anatomical and some biological indicators, the degree of stability of greening species is revealed. The results obtained can be used in monitoring green spaces of industrial regions, as well as for predicting the effects of environmental pollution. The research results can serve as a scientific basis for the selection and regionalization of tree species for landscaping the industrial centers of the arid zone. According to our observations, changes in signs towards xeromorphy show a direct relationship with gas resistance, because these indicators depend on the structural features of the leaf blade. In particular, xeromorphic signs are the following: a decrease in the leaf blade, an increase in pubescence, an increase in the number of stomata per mm2, length of venation, etc. We recommend using ash for landscaping streets and parks in the arid zone. Due to the high decorative and drought-resistant properties, they should be used in group, linear, alley, as well as mixed plantings. Considering gas resistance, drought resistance, as well as salt tolerance of elm and quince, we recommend using them for landscaping industrial regions, as well as for planting shelterbelts. In large industrial centers, we recommend using maple, ash and elm for landscaping, as they have more resistant signs to toxicants, in particular to sulphurous anhydride. The analysis of the obtained research data allows stating that there is a relationship between the concentration of sulphurous anhydride and the morphometric indicators of leaf blades of greening trees in industrial zones

scholarly journals Fungi occurring in forests injured by air pollutants in the Upper Silesia and Cracow Industrial Regions of Poland. VI. Higher fungi colonizing the roots of trees in converted forest stands

2015 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 285-295 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Domański
Keyword(s):  
Scots Pine ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Industrial Emissions ◽  
Forest Stands ◽  
Upper Silesia ◽  
Dead Trees ◽  
Industrial Regions

The most important fungi found in roots of diseased, and almost or recently dead trees are described. The plots studied were situated in 6-15 year old stands of tree species more resistant to industrial air pollutants than the Scots pine which they replaced. The studies were carried out in 6 variants in forests strongly and moderately injured or not affected by industrial emissions.

scholarly journals The scientific basis of enrichment of dendroflora of low-forest regions with economically valuable plants

2021 ◽  
pp. 35-51
Author(s):  
А.В. Семенютина ◽  
А.Ш. Хужахметова ◽  
А.А. Долгих ◽  
В.В. Сапронов
Keyword(s):  
Tree Species ◽  
Woody Plants ◽  
Arid Zone ◽  
Urban Ecosystems ◽  
Scientific Basis ◽  
Growth State ◽  
Lower Volga ◽  
Ash Trees ◽  
Trees And Shrubs ◽  
Selection Of

Вопросам адаптации, интродукции, селекции и семеноведения для подбора ассортимента древесных растений, используемых на деградированных землях в аридной зоне при обогащении дендрофлоры малолесных регионов, до настоящего времени уделялось мало внимания. В последние годы согласно нацпроектам «Наука» и «Экология» уделяется большое внимание адаптивной организации территории агро- и урбоэкосистем в целях повышения комфортности проживания населения и экологизации производства сельскохозяйственной продукции. Объекты – дендрологические искусственные насаждения, научно-производственные комплексы, питомники, ассортимент, адаптированный в засушливом поясе России (Нижневолжская станция по селекции древесных пород - филиал ФНЦ агроэкологии РАН; кад. №34:36:000014:178; Волгоградская обл.). Цель – обоснование и подбор адаптированных видов, форм деревьев и кустарников для обогащения дендрофлоры в агролесоводстве и озеленении в Нижнем Поволжье. Методология исследований построена на биоэкологических принципах интродукции, селекции и питомниководства на основе изучения растений в системе «генотип-среда», использовании эколого-хозяйственного потенциала древесных видов с учетом их изменчивости и специфики условий засушливого региона и обогащения дендрофлоры в лесомелиорации и озеленении. На маточных гибридных плантациях сосен, тополей, дубов, кленов и ясеней проведен учет роста, состояния, репродуктивного развития. Дано обоснование и методология биоэкологического подбора адаптированных видов, форм древесных растений в засушливых условиях. Представлен каталог ассортимента для питомниководства экономически важных адаптированных деревьев и кустарников. Получены материалы по выделенным таксонам для оформления объектов интеллектуальной собственности. Внедрение научных разработок проводилось на производственных питомниках Нижневолжской станции по селекции древесных пород. Ежегодная реализация сеянцев и саженцев на сумму около 7 млн. рублей из селекционного улучшенного семенного материала для обогащения дендрофлоры. Область применения: лесное хозяйство, озеленение, питомнические хозяйства, агролесомелиорация, природоохранные органы, образование. Until now, little attention has been paid to the issues of adaptation, introduction, selection and seed science for the selection of an assortment of woody plants used on degraded lands in the arid zone during the enrichment of dendroflora in sparsely forested regions. In recent years, according to the national projects "Science" and "Ecology", much attention has been paid to the adaptive organization of the territory of agro- and urban ecosystems in order to increase the comfort of living for the population and greening the production of agricultural products. Objects - dendrological artificial plantations, research and production complexes, nurseries, an assortment adapted in the arid belt of Russia (Lower Volga station for selection of tree species - branch of the Federal Research Center of Agroecology of the Russian Academy of Sciences; cad. No. 34: 36: 000014: 178; Volgograd region). The goal is to substantiate and select adapted species, forms of trees and shrubs for the enrichment of dendroflora in agroforestry and gardening in the Lower Volga region. The research methodology is based on the bioecological principles of introduction, selection and nursery based on the study of plants in the "genotype-environment" system, the use of the ecological and economic potential of tree species, taking into account their variability and the specific conditions of the arid region and the enrichment of dendroflora in forest reclamation and gardening. On the parent hybrid plantations of pines, poplars, oaks, maples and ash trees, the growth, state, and reproductive development were recorded. The substantiation and methodology of bioecological selection of adapted species and forms of woody plants in arid conditions are given. A catalog of assortment for nursery of economically adapted trees and shrubs is presented. Materials were obtained on the allocated taxa for registration of intellectual property objects. The introduction of scientific developments was carried out at the production nurseries of the Nizhnevolzhskaya station for the selection of tree species. Annual sale of seedlings and seedlings worth about 7 million rubles from the selection of improved seed material for the enrichment of dendroflora. Scope: forestry, landscaping, nursery farms, agroforestry, environmental authorities, education.

Effects of simulated acid rain on the growth of five Brazilian tree species and anatomy of the most sensitive species (Joannesia princeps)

2005 ◽  
Vol 53 (8) ◽  
pp. 789 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luzimar Campos da Silva ◽  
Aristéa Alves Azevedo ◽  
Eldo Antônio Monteiro da Silva ◽  
Marco Antonio Oliva
Keyword(s):  
Acid Rain ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Leaf Blade ◽  
Woody Species ◽  
Leaf Damage ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Foliar Injury ◽  
Sensitive Species ◽  
Abaxial Epidermis

Seedlings and young saplings of some woody species were exposed to simulated low-pH acid rain, in order to develop a response screening for tropical tree species by determination of the symptoms of foliar injury and growth responses, as well as to identify anatomical alterations in the leaf blade of the most sensitive species. Gallesia integrifolia (Spreng.) Harms, Genipa americana L., Joannesia princeps Vell., Mimosa artemisiana Heringer & Paula and Spondias dulcis Forst.f. were exposed daily to 20 min of acid rain, pH 3.0, for 10 consecutive days. The degree of leaf damage and the anatomical alterations observed were efficient parameters to determine the sensitivity to acid rain. At the end of the experiment J. princeps was the most sensitive species as determined by foliar injury and seedling growth. The degree of leaf damage was similar among the seedlings, except in S. dulcis, which showed reduced percentage of foliar injury. Necrotic and chlorotic spots on the leaf blade occurred. In the most sensitive species, J. princeps, necrotic blade tissues showed accumulation of phenolic compounds, hypertrophy and collapsed cells. Most of the structural alterations were observed in the adaxial epidermis, the palisade parenchyma and spongy parenchyma and the abaxial epidermis. Long-term experiments with seedlings of S. dulcis and saplings of G. integrifolia are suggested, to characterise the response of these species that presented fewer symptoms but whose growth was affected under acid rain.

A demographic framework for the adaptive management of the endangered arid-zone tree species Acacia peuce

2013 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 89 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Raghu ◽  
Catherine E. M. Nano ◽  
Chris R. Pavey
Keyword(s):  
Tree Species ◽  
Arid Zone ◽  
Anthropogenic Impacts ◽  
Population Decline ◽  
Extreme Rainfall ◽  
Vital Rates ◽  
Matrix Population Models ◽  
Extreme Rainfall Events ◽  
Rainfall Events ◽  
Slow Growing

Slow-growing desert tree species pose unique conservation challenges; their demography is driven by rare stochastic climatic events, remoteness of populations makes monitoring difficult and, consequently, their management is often information-limited. In particular, the paucity of information on vital rates at a relevant temporal scale makes analyses of demography and population viability difficult. Our objective was to undertake a demographic analysis of the threatened arid-zone tree species (Acacia peuce F.Muell.) that is a model system in terms of being (1) a slow-growing desert tree species whose recruitment is limited to stochastic and rare extreme rainfall events, and (2) a species of conservation significance growing in a remote location where remoteness imposes limitations on conservation monitoring. Complementary analyses using pattern- and process-derived matrix population models, based on a dataset derived from a 30-year monitoring effort, verified that the smallest of the A. peuce populations would continue to grow under current environmental conditions. Population growth in this species is most influenced by the survival or adult and sapling stages. Stochastic demographic simulations revealed that climate change is likely to significantly elevate the risk of population decline, particularly in fragment stands. The long-term viability of A. peuce hinges on sustaining the survival rates of adult and sapling stages by managing stresses to individuals in these stages, and through minimising anthropogenic disturbance to populations during rare, stochastic and extreme rainfall events that trigger recruitment. Extending the current non-binding agreement enabling the use of fences to exclude cattle, and improved interpretative signage to raise awareness of anthropogenic impacts on this species will significantly aid conservation of this species. The integration of modelling, monitoring, and management within a demographic framework can facilitate efficient and effective conservation of slow-growing arid-zone tree species, despite the challenges imposed by remoteness.

Regeneration of Three Tree Species in Arid South-Eastern Australia

1985 ◽  
Vol 33 (6) ◽  
pp. 715 ◽  
Author(s):  
CJ Chesterfield ◽  
RF Parsons
Keyword(s):  
Nature Conservation ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Arid Zone ◽  
Tree Seedlings ◽  
Seedling Regeneration ◽  
Mammalian Herbivores ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
Rabbit Grazing ◽  
A Site

Grazing effects by introduced mammals on tree seedlings in the arid zone have caused concern for the long-term future of some tree species. This was investigated by measuring stem girths of Casuarina cristata Miq., Heterodendrum oleifoliurn Desf. and Myoporum platycarpum R.Br. in arid-zone wood- lands. Episodic seedling regeneration of Myoporum is inferred following series of wet years in the 1950s and 1970s. Although young Myoporum plants appear unpalatable to stock, regeneration may be sup- pressed by rabbit-grazing in some areas. Almost no Heterodendrurn seedlings were found but suckering was common after burning and clearing. This species is highly palatable to grazing mammals and suckers may grow to safety above the browse line only where stock are absent. Evidence for recent Casuarina seedling regeneration was limited to one cohort, on a site that had been flooded. While suckers can be found locally where surface roots become exposed, suckering appears insufficient to perpetuate many Casuarina stands. Mammal-grazing seems important in strongly limiting regeneration. While Casuarina and Heterodendrum stand densities decline due to natural senescence and occasional fire, the only species regenerating into gaps is Myoporum. There is concern for the future of Casuarina and Heterodendrum, given their widespread failure to regenerate despite the wettest 3 years ever recorded, in 1973-75. On pastoral land, at least 10 years without stock-grazing might be needed for successful regeneration of Heterodendrurn. In reserves, some nature conservation programs for woodlands might require virtual eradication of all exotic mammalian herbivores, including goats.

scholarly journals Quantitative and qualitative attributes of dead wood in dominated by Carpinus betulus L. forests in Kaniv Nature Reserve

2021 ◽  
pp. 42-53
Author(s):  
O. Chornobrov ◽  
V. Shevchik ◽  
I. Solomakha
Keyword(s):  
Tree Species ◽  
Dead Wood ◽  
Nature Reserve ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Average Volume ◽  
Carpinus Betulus ◽  
Permanent Sample Plots ◽  
Norway Maple ◽  
Standing Dead ◽  
Fallen Dead Wood

The article presents the quantitative and qualitative attributes of dead wood in forests dominated by Carpinus betulus L. in Kaniv Nature Reserve. The study was conducted in 130–140-year natural common hornbeam forests on two permanent sample plots of 0.24 ha each by identifying and measuring all components of standing and lying (fallen) dead wood. It was found that wood detritus has an average volume of 39.8 m3/ha consists of standing dead trees (23.1%) and fallen dead wood (76.9%). The species composition is dominated by common hornbeam (96.5%), and the share of Norway maple (Acer platanoides L.) is low (3.5%). Wood of II (13.2 m3/ha, 33.1%) and III (12.2 m3/ha, 30.7%) classes of destruction predominates. Standing dead wood is formed by only one tree species — common hornbeam and has an average volume of 9.2 m3/ha. It is represented mainly by standing broken trees. The volume of standing dead wood is dominated by wood detritus of the II stage of decomposition (95.7%). Fallen dead wood is formed by two tree species — common hornbeam (95.4%) and Norway maple (4.6%), has an average volume of 30.6 m3/ha. It is represented by whole uprooted and broken fallen trees (trunks), fragments of fallen trees (trunks) and rough branches. Lying dead wood is represented by detritus of all five classes of decomposition, but wood of III (12.2 m3/ha, 39.9%) and IV (9.6 m3/ha, 31.4%) classes predominates. The volume of fallen dead wood is mainly formed by components with an average diameter of 10.1–30.0 cm (75.7%). The diversity of fractions and components, structural features, sizes and stages of decomposition of dead wood can be important in the formation of potential habitats and substrates for a number of species of living organisms.

scholarly journals The structure in diameter and sanitary condition of geographical cultures of Scots pine

2021 ◽  
Vol 875 (1) ◽  
pp. 012054
Author(s):  
M P Chernyshov ◽  
M I Mikhailova
Keyword(s):  
Scots Pine ◽  
Dead Wood ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Scientific Basis ◽  
Average Score ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Single Vertex ◽  
Sanitary Condition ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Sanitary State

Abstract The study of geographical forest cultures is the scientific basis for forest-seed zoning and selection of tree species. This research identifies the structural features of the diameter of middle-aged stands of different ecotypes of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) in geographic cultures, as an assessment of its current sanitary state. We studied the stands of 18 forest-steppe and 14 steppe ecotypes. We laid test areas with measuring the diameters of trees with a measuring fork at a height of 1.3 m. Trees with a continuous count were divided into six categories of sanitary status: no signs of weakening, weakened, strongly weakened, shrinking, fresh dead wood and dead wood of past years. Based on the results of continuous recounts, the distribution rows of trees were constructed according to 2- and 4-cm thickness steps. In forest-steppe ecotypes, the distribution of trees along 2-and 4-centimeter-thick steps is single-vertex, but with right asymmetry. The distribution of trees of steppe ecotypes over 2-cm steps of thickness is asymmetric and two-peaked. The distribution of trees of steppe ecotypes by 2-cm thickness steps is asymmetric and two-vertex. The average score of the sanitary state of stands of forest-steppe ecotypes is 1.5 (healthy), in steppe – 1.7 (weakened).

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