scholarly journals The structure in diameter and sanitary condition of geographical cultures of Scots pine

2021 ◽  
Vol 875 (1) ◽  
pp. 012054
Author(s):  
M P Chernyshov ◽  
M I Mikhailova
Keyword(s):  
Scots Pine ◽  
Dead Wood ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Scientific Basis ◽  
Average Score ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Single Vertex ◽  
Sanitary Condition ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Sanitary State

Abstract The study of geographical forest cultures is the scientific basis for forest-seed zoning and selection of tree species. This research identifies the structural features of the diameter of middle-aged stands of different ecotypes of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) in geographic cultures, as an assessment of its current sanitary state. We studied the stands of 18 forest-steppe and 14 steppe ecotypes. We laid test areas with measuring the diameters of trees with a measuring fork at a height of 1.3 m. Trees with a continuous count were divided into six categories of sanitary status: no signs of weakening, weakened, strongly weakened, shrinking, fresh dead wood and dead wood of past years. Based on the results of continuous recounts, the distribution rows of trees were constructed according to 2- and 4-cm thickness steps. In forest-steppe ecotypes, the distribution of trees along 2-and 4-centimeter-thick steps is single-vertex, but with right asymmetry. The distribution of trees of steppe ecotypes over 2-cm steps of thickness is asymmetric and two-peaked. The distribution of trees of steppe ecotypes by 2-cm thickness steps is asymmetric and two-vertex. The average score of the sanitary state of stands of forest-steppe ecotypes is 1.5 (healthy), in steppe – 1.7 (weakened).

scholarly journals The current state of the collection fund of the Laboratory of Ornamental Plants of the Russian Academy of Sciences and the main criteria for the formation of large collections in it’s composition

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
И.А. Бондорина ◽  
А.В. Кабанов ◽  
Н.А. Мамаева ◽  
Ю.А. Хохлачева
Keyword(s):  
Ornamental Plants ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Ecological Groups ◽  
Current State ◽  
History Of ◽  
History Of Culture ◽  
Academy Of Sciences ◽  
Meadow Species ◽  
Selection Of

Коллекционный фонд лаборатории декоративных растений (ЛДР) ГБС РАН существует с 1947 г. В настоящее время в его состав входят декоративные многолетники из 221 рода и 57 семейств (1039 видов и разновидностей, а также 5047 сортов и садовых форм). Современная политика формирования коллекций в основном направлена на создание крупных и/или оригинальных собраний. Цель представленной работы состоит в изучении количественных и качественных характеристик современного коллекционного фонда лаборатории декоративных растений ГБС РАН, а также структурных особенностей крупных коллекций в его составе. В интродукционных исследованиях наиболее широко использованы эколого-фитоценотический метод и метод родовых комплексов. В структуре видовой части коллекционного фонда ЛДР доминируют представители флор Европы, Азии и Северной Америки, так как эти регионы традиционно считаются наиболее перспективными донорами материала для интродукции декоративных растений. Преобладающими экологическими группами в его составе являются лесные, степные и луговые виды. При формировании сортовых коллекций реализованы различные подходы. Отечественные селекционные достижения доминируют в коллекциях Syringa, Lilium и Phlox. На создание выборки зарубежных сортов, представляющих историю селекции культуры, сориентирована коллекция рода Paeonia. История селекции культуры в СССР наиболее полно представлена на базе коллекции Clematis. Основные этапы микроэволюционного развития культуры продемонстрированы на примере родов Astilbe и Iris. Аспект сохранения ретро-сортов наиболее полно реализован на коллекции Hemerocallis. Подбор перспективного для условий региона сортимента – основное направление расширения коллекции рода Rosa. Аспект отбора наиболее перспективных раннецветущих сортов у культур с поздними сроками цветения наиболее успешно реализован для Dendranthema и Symphyotrichum. На подбор перспективного для условий средней полосы России ассортимента, отражающего морфобиологическое разнообразие культуры, сориентированы коллекции Hosta и Tulipa. Для целей селекции используются ресурсы коллекций Dahlia, Astilbe и Iris. Collection fund of the Laboratory of Ornamental Plants (LOP) MBG RAS has been in existence since 1947. Currently, it includes ornamental perennials from 221 genera and 57 families (1039 species and varieties, as well as 5047 varieties and garden forms). The current policy of forming collections is mainly aimed at creating large and/or original collections. The purpose of the present work is to study the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of the modern collection fund LOP MBG RAS, as well as the structural features of large collections in its composition. The most widely used methods in the introduction studies are the ecological-phytocenotic method and the method of generic complexes. The structure of the species part of the collection fund of the LOP is dominated by representatives of the flora of Europe, Asia and North America, since these regions are traditionally considered the most promising donors of material for the introduction of ornamental plants. The predominant ecological groups in its composition are forest, steppe and meadow species. When forming varietal collections, various approaches are implemented. Domestic breeding achievements dominate the Syringa, Lilium and Phlox collections. The collection of the genus Paeonia is aimed at creating a sample of foreign varieties that represent the history of culture selection. The history of culture selection in the USSR is most fully presented on the basis of the Clematis collection. The main stages of microevolutionary development of culture are demonstrated by the example of the genera Astilbe and Iris. The aspect of preserving retro varieties is most fully implemented on the Hemerocallis collection. The selection of a promising assortment for the conditions of the region is the main direction of expanding the collection of the genus Rosa. The aspect of selecting the most promising early-flowering varieties in crops with late flowering dates is most successfully implemented for Dendranthema and Symphyotrichum. The Hosta and Tulipa collections are focused on the selection of a range that is promising for the conditions of the central part of Russia, reflecting the morphobiological diversity of the culture. For breeding purposes, the resources of the Dahlia, Astilbe, and Iris collections are used.

Models of spring wheat variety, adapted to the forest-steppe zone of the Urals of Orenburg

10.12737/1363 ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 106-112
Author(s):  
Мухитов ◽  
Lenar Mukhitov ◽  
Самуилов ◽  
Feofan Samuilov
Keyword(s):  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Wheat Variety ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Southern Urals ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Environmental Study ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
The Southern Urals ◽  
Spring Wheat Variety ◽  
Selection Of

On the basis of summarizing the results of many years experience on environmental study varieties and breeding numbers of spring wheat, we can base models of early maturing, middle maturing and mid-season varieties for the forest-steppe zone of Orenburg region. The identified dependence of grain yield on the productivity elements, morphological and structural features, the assimilation apparatus parameters, biological and physiological characteristics reliably described by the equations of regression. Such kind of varities, as Varyag, D-1847/97, Omskaa 20, Prokhorovka, Samsar, Saratovskaya 42 and Solveig were high adaptive capacities in this area. It is well to combine the best parameters of efficiency elements of main spike in favorable years: Kinelskaya 59, Lyuba, Moskovskaya 35, Orenburgskaya 13, Prokhorovka, Saratovskaya 55 and Enita; in dry years: Logachevka, Saratovskaya 42, Solveig and D-1847/97. The optimal parameters of the assimilation apparatus were observed in the following varities: Volgouralskaya, Varyag, Kinelskaya 59, Logachevka, Lyuba, Prokhorovka, Solveig, Tulaykovskaya 1, steppe Tulaykovskaya and Enita. The use of hybrid models in the selection of breeding material and varieties, selected as parent forms to better address selection on efficiency and sustainability in the forest of the Southern Urals.

Radial increment dynamics of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) as an indicator of hydrothermal regime of the Western Transbaikalia forest steppe

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 476-487 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. V. Demina ◽  
L. V. Belokopytova ◽  
S. G. Andreev ◽  
T. V. Kostyakova ◽  
E. A. Babushkina
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Sylvestris ◽  
Scots Pine ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Radial Increment ◽  
Western Transbaikalia ◽  
Hydrothermal Regime

The Techniques of Flow Measurement

1982 ◽  
Vol 15 (12) ◽  
pp. 458-463 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. S. Medlock
Keyword(s):  
Flow Rate ◽  
Flow Measurement ◽  
Volumetric Flow Rate ◽  
Large River ◽  
Scientific Basis ◽  
New Techniques ◽  
Flow Metering ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Selection Of

Flow measurement has a long history extending over a period of about 3000 years, but it was only just over 200 years ago that the subject was first studied on a scientific basis and it was only 20 years ago that a surge of new techniques became available. Today there is a wide selection of methods and equipment to enable flow to be measured whether the medium is in the form of a liquid, gas, vapour or solid, or any combination thereof. According to the application, volumetric flow rate can be measured over a range exceeding 10−5m3/h to 106m3/h which in everday terms is equivalent to a cupful per day to the flow of a very large river. The price of a flowmeter can be as small as a few pounds or in excess of £1 million depending on the accuracy and capacity required. References are made to about 50 types of flow metering devices which can be classified into 11 groups.

scholarly journals Optimization of Magnetic Properties of Magnetic Microwires by Post-Processing

Processes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 1006
Author(s):  
Valentina Zhukova ◽  
Paula Corte-Leon ◽  
Lorena González-Legarreta ◽  
Ahmed Talaat ◽  
Juan Maria Blanco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Properties ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Hysteresis Loops ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Post Processing ◽  
Soft Magnetic ◽  
Magnetic Microwires ◽  
Prepared State ◽  
Induced Magnetic Anisotropy ◽  
Selection Of

The influence of post-processing conditions on the magnetic properties of amorphous and nanocrystalline microwires has been thoroughly analyzed, paying attention to the influence of magnetoelastic, induced and magnetocrystalline anisotropies on the hysteresis loops of Fe-, Ni-, and Co-rich microwires. We showed that magnetic properties of glass-coated microwires can be tuned by the selection of appropriate chemical composition and geometry in as-prepared state or further considerably modified by appropriate post-processing, which consists of either annealing or glass-coated removal. Furthermore, stress-annealing or Joule heating can further effectively modify the magnetic properties of amorphous magnetic microwires owing to induced magnetic anisotropy. Devitrification of microwires can be useful for either magnetic softening or magnetic hardening of the microwires. Depending on the chemical composition of the metallic nucleus and on structural features (grain size, precipitating phases), nanocrystalline microwires can exhibit either soft magnetic properties or semi-hard magnetic properties. We demonstrated that the microwires with coercivities from 1 A/m to 40 kA/m can be prepared.

scholarly journals Highly Productive Pine Forests in a Changing Climate

2021 ◽  
pp. 9-23
Author(s):  
Nina F. Kuznetsova ◽  
◽  
Elena S. Klushevskaya ◽  
Elena Yu. Amineva
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Sylvestris ◽  
Scots Pine ◽  
Genetic Material ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Test Site ◽  
Pine Forests ◽  
Soil Drought ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Changing Climate ◽  
Vital State

Forest steppe of the Central Chernozem Region (CCR) of Russia belongs to the zone of highly productive pine forests. In 2015, for the first time a partial destabilization of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) was recorded within the territory of the CCR. It affected the population, organism and cellular levels of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.). The destabilization was caused by the 8-year heatwave of 2007–2014 followed by a sharp drop in the water table and four severe droughts (2007, 2010, 2012, and 2014). The analysis was carried out on two sites of pine forest plantations growing in the environmentally sound region: the Stupino test site (Voronezh region, typical plantation for the CCR) and the Usman site (Lipetsk region, lands with elevated groundwater level). The results of morphological, cytogenetic and biochemical studies of model trees of the Stupino test site during the following periods are presented: 4 optimal years in terms of weather conditions, 2014 drought year and 2015 destabilization year. It was found that prolonged hydrothermal stress resulted in the transition of pine from the basic equilibrium state to a slightly nonequilibrium state. The trigger mechanism for changing their vital state was a severe autumn soil drought in 2014, after which the plants became weakened right before winter. A decrease in cone bioproductivity by the traits of seed fullness and the total number of seeds per cone, a change in population sampling structure, an increase in the number of mitosis pathologies, and an increase in proline content in needles were observed despite optimal weather conditions in 2015. The recovery of species was studied for three subsequent optimal years on the example of the Stupino and Usman populations. Experimental data indicate that the processes of vital state normalization involve profound changes in metabolism and require certain energy expenditures. It took the Stupino population longer to return to the regional norm, which indicates a different depth of destabilization of the tree genetic material of the studied populations. For citation: Kuznetsova N.F., Klushevskaya E.S, Amineva E.Yu. Highly Productive Pine Forests in a Changing Climate. Lesnoy Zhurnal [Russian Forestry Journal], 2021, no. 6, pp. 9–23. DOI: 10.37482/0536-1036-2021-6-9-23

scholarly journals SANITARY CONDITION OF PICEA ABIES (L. ) KARST. YOUNG FOREST STANDS DEPENDING ON THE SPATIAL SPECIFICITY

AGROFOR ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jelena RUBA ◽  
Olga MIEZITE ◽  
Imants LIEPA
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Picea Abies ◽  
Tree Height ◽  
Impact Factors ◽  
Forest Stands ◽  
Sanitary Condition ◽  
Young Forest ◽  
Young Forests ◽  
Spatial Specificity ◽  
Sanitary State

As a result of nature resources intensive use, most of ecosystems have beenconverted. Anthropogenic impact includes changes of forest stands structure andtheir spatial specificity in the forest area. Accordingly the sanitary state of Norwayspruce young forest stands can be affected by different risk impact factors ofmanagement. The aim of the research was to analyze the spruce Picea abies (L. )Karst. young forest stands sanitary condition depending on forest plots spatialspecificity and location in the forest areas. The data were collected in 4 regions ofLatvia in spruce young forest stands (1 - 40 years old). The research was conductedin young natural and artificial stands (pure – 44, mixed – 42). In total 502 sampleplots with a total area of 28250 mwere installed. The particular plot size (25, 50,100 and 200 m) were selected depending on the stand average tree height, whiletheir number depended on the forest stand area. A total area of investigated foreststands were 127. 5 hectares. Results showed that the expression of spatial specificsdepended on risk factors and their intensity, as well as the environmentalcharacteristics. Damages caused by abiotic risk factors at different forest standswere not the same regarding intensity, nature and volume, but more or less closelywere related to all site conditions. Spatial specificity of forest stands area (regularand irregular), as well as their location in the forest massif significantly affects thespruce young forests sanitary status (respectively p=0. 027 and p=0. 002). Differentrisk factors damage to forests, bordering with spruce or pine young growths,cutovers and various types of infrastructure, were identified as much moreimportant.

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