scholarly journals Features of the Formation of the Epidermal Barrier and the Use of Emollients in Premature and Young Children

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 241-247
Author(s):  
Nikolay N. Murashkin ◽  
Roman A. Ivanov ◽  
A. A. Savelova ◽  
D. V. Fedorov ◽  
Leonid A. Opryatin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Children ◽  
Water Loss ◽  
Transepidermal Water Loss ◽  
Epidermal Barrier ◽  
Vernix Caseosa ◽  
Sebum Secretion

The article presents modern data on the features of the structure of the skin and the formation of the epidermal barrier in premature and young children. Information is given regarding changes in the properties of the skin: microrelief, hydration, transepidermal water loss, acidity, content of the natural moisturizing factor, and sebum secretion. Attention is also paid to the role of vernix caseosa in the formation of a mature epidermal barrier and data on the use of emollients are provided.

scholarly journals Lipoxygenases Mediate the Effect of Essential Fatty Acid in Skin Barrier Formation

2011 ◽  
Vol 286 (27) ◽  
pp. 24046-24056 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuxiang Zheng ◽  
Huiyong Yin ◽  
William E. Boeglin ◽  
Peter M. Elias ◽  
Debra Crumrine ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Essential Fatty Acid ◽  
Water Loss ◽  
Mouse Skin ◽  
Skin Barrier ◽  
Transepidermal Water Loss ◽  
Dry Land ◽  
Epidermal Barrier ◽  
H Nmr ◽  
Barrier Formation

A barrier to water loss is vital to maintaining life on dry land. Formation of the mammalian skin barrier requires both the essential fatty acid linoleate and the two lipoxygenases 12R-lipoxygenase (12R-LOX) and epidermal lipoxygenase-3 (eLOX3), although their roles are poorly understood. Linoleate occurs in O-linoleoyl-ω-hydroxyceramide, which, after hydrolysis of the linoleate moiety, is covalently attached to protein via the free ω-hydroxyl of the ceramide, forming the corneocyte lipid envelope, a scaffold between lipid and protein that helps seal the barrier. Here we show using HPLC-UV, LC-MS, GC-MS, and 1H NMR that O-linoleoyl-ω-hydroxyceramide is oxygenated in a regio- and stereospecific fashion by the consecutive actions of 12R-LOX and eLOX3 and that these products occur naturally in pig and mouse epidermis. 12R-LOX forms 9R-hydroperoxy-linoleoyl-ω-hydroxyceramide, further converted by eLOX3 to specific epoxyalcohol (9R,10R-trans-epoxy-11E-13R-hydroxy) and 9-keto-10E,12Z esters of the ceramide; an epoxy-ketone derivative (9R,10R-trans-epoxy-11E-13-keto) is the most prominent oxidized ceramide in mouse skin. These products are absent in 12R-LOX-deficient mice, which crucially display a near total absence of protein-bound ω-hydroxyceramides and of the corneocyte lipid envelope and die shortly after birth from transepidermal water loss. We conclude that oxygenation of O-linoleoyl-ω-hydroxyceramide is required to facilitate the ester hydrolysis and allow bonding of the ω-hydroxyceramide to protein, providing a coherent explanation for the roles of multiple components in epidermal barrier function. Our study uncovers a hitherto unknown biochemical pathway in which the enzymic oxygenation of ceramides is involved in building a crucial structure of the epidermal barrier.

РОЛЬ КОЖНОГО МИКРОБИОЦЕНОЗА В ДИСФУНКЦИИ ЭПИДЕРМАЛЬНОГО БАРЬЕРА И РАЗВИТИИ АТОПИЧЕСКОГО ДЕРМАТИТА У ДЕТЕЙ РАННЕГО ВОЗРАСТА ИЗ ГРУППЫ

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
N.B. Migacheva
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Skin Barrier ◽  
Significant Risk Factor ◽  
Transepidermal Water Loss ◽  
Skin Microbiome ◽  
Children At Risk ◽  
Barrier Dysfunction ◽  
Epidermal Barrier

Обоснование. Нарушение кожного микробиоценоза и колонизация кожи S. aureus при атопическом дерматите (АтД) является широко распространенным феноменом и фактором, осложняющим течение заболевания. В настоящее время не вполне понятно, какую роль играет S. aureus в реализации АтД у детей из группы риска по развитию аллергических заболеваний. Цель. Изучение состава кожного микробиоценоза у детей раннего возраста из группы риска, а также роли S. aureus в дисфункции кожного барьера и реализации АтД. Материалы и методы. Проведен анализ 12-месячного наблюдения за 37 детьми из группы риска по развитию аллергических заболеваний, включающий общеклиническое обследование, проведение микробиологического исследования кожи в возрасте 1 и 6 мес и изучение функции эпидермального барьера путем определения показателя трансэпидермальной потери влаги (ТЭПВ) в возрасте 1 3 6 и 12 мес. В качестве исхода рассматривалось формирование АтД в течение периода наблюдения. Результаты. Частота выявления S. aureus на коже детей в возрасте 1 мес составила 45,9, в возрасте 6 мес - 29,7. Корреляционный анализ выявил ассоциацию между колонизацией кожи S. aureus и снижением показателей ТЭПВ (р0,004), а также частотой развития у них АтД (p0,001). Заключение. Обнаружение S. aureus в кожном микробиоценозе детей из группы риска ассоциировано с дисфункцией эпидермального барьера и является значимым фактором риска реализации у них АтД.Background. Colonization of skin with S. aureus in atopic dermatitis (AD) patients is a widespread phenomenon and a factor complicating the course of the disease. At present, it is not quite clear the role of S. aureus in the development of AD in children at risk. The aim of our study was to discribe the skin microbiome composition in young children at risk, as well as to investigate the role of S. aureus in skin barrier dysfunction and the development of AD. Material and methods. 12months follow-up study of 37 infants at risk has been performed. It included a general clinical examination, a microbiological investigation of skin microbiome (at 1 and 6 months), and investigation of epidermal barrier function by determining the transepidermal water loss (TEWL) at 1, 3, 6 and 12 months. Realization of AD during the observation period was considered as main outcome. Results. The prevalence of S. aureus colonization of infants aged 1 month was 45.9, at the age of 6 months - 29.7. Correlation analysis revealed an association between the skin colonization with S. aureus and a decrease of TEWL (p 0.004), as well as the cumulative incidence of AD (p 0.001). Conclusion. The detection of S. aureus as a part of skin microbiocenosis in AD infants at risk is associated with dysfunction of the epidermal barrier and is a significant risk factor for the AD development.

scholarly journals Transepidermal Water Loss in Developing Rats: Role of Aquaporins in the Immature Skin

2003 ◽  
Vol 53 (4) ◽  
pp. 558-565 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johan Ågren ◽  
Sergey Zelenin ◽  
Mattias Håkansson ◽  
Ann-Christine Eklöf ◽  
Anita Aperia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Loss ◽  
Transepidermal Water Loss

scholarly journals Assessment of tolerability and acceptability of an alcohol-based hand rub according to a WHO protocol and using apparatus tests

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Patryk Tarka ◽  
Katarzyna Gutkowska ◽  
Aneta Nitsch-Osuch
Keyword(s):  
Water Loss ◽  
Transepidermal Water Loss ◽  
Skin Condition ◽  
Ease Of Use ◽  
Skin Hydration ◽  
Skin Tests ◽  
Who Criteria ◽  
Overall Evaluation ◽  
Sebum Secretion ◽  
The Eu

Abstract Background The effectiveness of alcohol-based hand rubs (ABHRs) depends substantially on their acceptability and tolerability. In this study, we assessed the acceptability and tolerability of a new ABHR (product EU 100.2018.02). Methods Among physicians, nurses, and cosmetologists who used the ABHR for 30 days, we assessed the product’s acceptability and tolerability according to a WHO protocol. Additionally, we used instrumental skin tests. Participants assessed the product’s color, smell, texture, irritation, drying effect, ease of use, speed of drying, and application, and they gave an overall evaluation. Moreover, they rated the tolerability, i.e. their skin condition, on the following dimensions: intactness, moisture content, sensation, and integrity of the skin. The tolerability was also assessed by an observer as follows: redness, scaliness, fissures, and overall score for the skin condition. Instrumental skin tests included transepidermal water loss, skin hydration, sebum secretion, and percentage of skin affected by discolorations. All assessments were made at baseline (visit 1), and 3–5 days (visit 2) and 30 days (visit 3) later. Results We enrolled 126 participants (110 [87%] women) with a mean age of 34.3 ± 11.65 years. Sixty-five participants (52%) were healthcare professionals (physicians, nurses), and 61 (48%) were cosmetologists. During visit 2 and visit 3, about 90% of participants gave responses complying with the WHO’s benchmark for acceptability and tolerability. Similarly, the ABHR met the WHO criteria for observer-assessed tolerability: on all visits, in more than 95% of participants, the observer gave scores complying with the WHO benchmark. Transepidermal water loss decreased from baseline to visit 3 (p < 0.001), whereas skin hydration, sebum secretion, and the percentage of skin affected by discolorations did not change significantly during the study (p ≥ 130). Conclusions The EU 100.2018.02 had both high acceptability and tolerability, meeting the WHO criteria. The WHO protocol proved useful in the analysis of acceptability and tolerability of ABHRs.

Acromegaly is associated with decreased skin transepidermal water loss and temperature, and increased skin pH and sebum secretion partially reversible after treatment

2012 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 82-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Murat Borlu ◽  
Zuleyha Karaca ◽  
Hatice Yildiz ◽  
Fatih Tanriverdi ◽  
Beril Demirel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Loss ◽  
Transepidermal Water Loss ◽  
Skin Ph ◽  
Sebum Secretion

scholarly journals Role of skin microbiome in epidermal barrier dysfunction and development of atopic dermatitis in high risk infants

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-64
Author(s):  
N B Migacheva
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Atopic Dermatitis ◽  
Skin Barrier ◽  
Transepidermal Water Loss ◽  
Skin Microbiome ◽  
Children At Risk ◽  
Barrier Dysfunction ◽  
Epidermal Barrier ◽  
Microbiome Composition

Background. Colonization of skin with S. aureus in atopic dermatitis (AD) patients is a widespread phenomenon and a factor complicating the course of the disease. At present, it is not quite clear the role of S. aureus in the development of AD in children at risk. The aim of our study was to discribe the skin microbiome composition in young children at risk, as well as to investigate the role of S. aureus in skin barrier dysfunction and the development of AD. Material and methods. 12months follow-up study of 37 infants at risk has been performed. It included a general clinical examination, a microbiological investigation of skin microbiome (at 1 and 6 months), and investigation of epidermal barrier function by determining the transepidermal water loss (TEWL) at 1, 3, 6 and 12 months. Realization of AD during the observation period was considered as main outcome. Results. The prevalence of S. aureus colonization of infants aged 1 month was 45.9%, at the age of 6 months - 29.7%. Correlation analysis revealed an association between the skin colonization with S. aureus and a decrease of TEWL (p = 0.004), as well as the cumulative incidence of AD (p

Developmental foundations of externalizing problems in young children: The role of effortful control

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sheryl L. Olson ◽  
Arnold J. Sameroff ◽  
David C. Kerr ◽  
Nestor L. Lopez
Keyword(s):  
Young Children ◽  
Externalizing Problems ◽  
Effortful Control

The examination of biophysical parameters of skin (transepidermal water loss, skin hydration and pH value) in different body regions of ponies

2012 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 553-559 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.P. Szczepanik ◽  
P.M. Wilkołek ◽  
M. Pluta ◽  
Ł.R. Adamek ◽  
Z.J.H. Pomorski
Keyword(s):  
Water Loss ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Neck Region ◽  
Transepidermal Water Loss ◽  
Skin Hydration ◽  
Lumbar Region ◽  
Biophysical Parameters ◽  
Body Regions ◽  
Skin Ph

Abstract The purpose of this study was to evaluate transepidermal water loss, skin hydration and skin pH in normal ponies. Sixteen ponies of both sexes were examined in the study. Measurements were taken from seven different sites: the neck region, the shoulder, thorax, lumbar, inguinal, lip region and the auricle. In each of the regions transepidermal water loss (TEWL), skin hydration and skin pH were measured. For transepidermal water loss, the lowest values were observed in the lumbar region (9.71g/hm2), while the highest values were observed in the lip region (22.35 g/hm2). In the case of skin hydration the lowest values were observed for the thorax region (2.13 CU), and the highest for the lip region (41.81 CU). For skin pH, the lowest results were obtained in the lumbar region (6.93), and the highest in the lip region (7.96).

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