РОЛЬ КОЖНОГО МИКРОБИОЦЕНОЗА В ДИСФУНКЦИИ ЭПИДЕРМАЛЬНОГО БАРЬЕРА И РАЗВИТИИ АТОПИЧЕСКОГО ДЕРМАТИТА У ДЕТЕЙ РАННЕГО ВОЗРАСТА ИЗ ГРУППЫ

Rossiiskii Allergologicheskii ZHurnal ◽

10.36691/raj.2019.1-1.53225 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

N.B. Migacheva

Keyword(s):

At Risk ◽

Significant Risk ◽

Skin Barrier ◽

Significant Risk Factor ◽

Transepidermal Water Loss ◽

Skin Microbiome ◽

Children At Risk ◽

Barrier Dysfunction ◽

Epidermal Barrier

Обоснование. Нарушение кожного микробиоценоза и колонизация кожи S. aureus при атопическом дерматите (АтД) является широко распространенным феноменом и фактором, осложняющим течение заболевания. В настоящее время не вполне понятно, какую роль играет S. aureus в реализации АтД у детей из группы риска по развитию аллергических заболеваний. Цель. Изучение состава кожного микробиоценоза у детей раннего возраста из группы риска, а также роли S. aureus в дисфункции кожного барьера и реализации АтД. Материалы и методы. Проведен анализ 12-месячного наблюдения за 37 детьми из группы риска по развитию аллергических заболеваний, включающий общеклиническое обследование, проведение микробиологического исследования кожи в возрасте 1 и 6 мес и изучение функции эпидермального барьера путем определения показателя трансэпидермальной потери влаги (ТЭПВ) в возрасте 1 3 6 и 12 мес. В качестве исхода рассматривалось формирование АтД в течение периода наблюдения. Результаты. Частота выявления S. aureus на коже детей в возрасте 1 мес составила 45,9, в возрасте 6 мес - 29,7. Корреляционный анализ выявил ассоциацию между колонизацией кожи S. aureus и снижением показателей ТЭПВ (р0,004), а также частотой развития у них АтД (p0,001). Заключение. Обнаружение S. aureus в кожном микробиоценозе детей из группы риска ассоциировано с дисфункцией эпидермального барьера и является значимым фактором риска реализации у них АтД.Background. Colonization of skin with S. aureus in atopic dermatitis (AD) patients is a widespread phenomenon and a factor complicating the course of the disease. At present, it is not quite clear the role of S. aureus in the development of AD in children at risk. The aim of our study was to discribe the skin microbiome composition in young children at risk, as well as to investigate the role of S. aureus in skin barrier dysfunction and the development of AD. Material and methods. 12months follow-up study of 37 infants at risk has been performed. It included a general clinical examination, a microbiological investigation of skin microbiome (at 1 and 6 months), and investigation of epidermal barrier function by determining the transepidermal water loss (TEWL) at 1, 3, 6 and 12 months. Realization of AD during the observation period was considered as main outcome. Results. The prevalence of S. aureus colonization of infants aged 1 month was 45.9, at the age of 6 months - 29.7. Correlation analysis revealed an association between the skin colonization with S. aureus and a decrease of TEWL (p 0.004), as well as the cumulative incidence of AD (p 0.001). Conclusion. The detection of S. aureus as a part of skin microbiocenosis in AD infants at risk is associated with dysfunction of the epidermal barrier and is a significant risk factor for the AD development.

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Role of skin microbiome in epidermal barrier dysfunction and development of atopic dermatitis in high risk infants

Rossiiskii Allergologicheskii ZHurnal ◽

10.36691/rja26 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 16 (1) ◽

pp. 59-64

Author(s):

N B Migacheva

Keyword(s):

At Risk ◽

Atopic Dermatitis ◽

Skin Barrier ◽

Transepidermal Water Loss ◽

Skin Microbiome ◽

Children At Risk ◽

Barrier Dysfunction ◽

Epidermal Barrier ◽

Microbiome Composition

Background. Colonization of skin with S. aureus in atopic dermatitis (AD) patients is a widespread phenomenon and a factor complicating the course of the disease. At present, it is not quite clear the role of S. aureus in the development of AD in children at risk. The aim of our study was to discribe the skin microbiome composition in young children at risk, as well as to investigate the role of S. aureus in skin barrier dysfunction and the development of AD. Material and methods. 12months follow-up study of 37 infants at risk has been performed. It included a general clinical examination, a microbiological investigation of skin microbiome (at 1 and 6 months), and investigation of epidermal barrier function by determining the transepidermal water loss (TEWL) at 1, 3, 6 and 12 months. Realization of AD during the observation period was considered as main outcome. Results. The prevalence of S. aureus colonization of infants aged 1 month was 45.9%, at the age of 6 months - 29.7%. Correlation analysis revealed an association between the skin colonization with S. aureus and a decrease of TEWL (p = 0.004), as well as the cumulative incidence of AD (p

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ROLE OF PROTECTIVE TOPICAL AGENTS IN THERAPY OF CHRONIC DERMATOSES

Rossiiskii Allergologicheskii ZHurnal ◽

10.36691/rja512 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 11 (3) ◽

pp. 47-52

Author(s):

A N KHLEBNIKOVA

Keyword(s):

Tight Junction ◽

Combined Therapy ◽

Skin Barrier ◽

Tight Junction Proteins ◽

Barrier Dysfunction ◽

Epidermal Barrier ◽

Junction Proteins

Epidermal barrier insufficiency results in skin dryness and fissures in different chronic dermatoses. Barrier dysfunction is due either to genetic problems or lipid deficiency or damage of tight junction proteins. Here we discuss various abnormalities of epidermal barrier in eczema and psoriasis which necessitate to prescribe pro- tective and moisturizing agents to restore skin barrier. We give our own practice data of using Bariederm cream and balm in combined therapy of dyshidrotic eczema, plantar eczema and palmoplantar psoriasis.

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Commensal Microbiota Regulates Skin Barrier Function And Repair Via Signaling Through The Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor

10.1101/2020.12.05.413096 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Aayushi Uberoi ◽

Casey Bartow-McKenney ◽

Qi Zheng ◽

Laurice Flowers ◽

Amy Campbell ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor ◽

Skin Barrier ◽

The Body ◽

Epidermal Differentiation ◽

Skin Barrier Function ◽

Dependent Manner ◽

Skin Microbiome ◽

Barrier Dysfunction ◽

Epidermal Barrier ◽

Aryl Hydrocarbon

SUMMARYThe epidermis forms a barrier that defends the body from desiccation and entry of harmful substances, while sensing and integrating environmental signals. The tightly orchestrated cellular changes required for the proper formation and maintenance of this epidermal barrier occur in the context of the skin microbiome. Using germ free mice, we demonstrate the microbiota is necessary for proper differentiation and repair of the epidermal barrier. These effects were mediated by the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) in keratinocytes, a xenobiotic receptor also implicated in epidermal differentiation. Murine skin lacking keratinocyte AHR was more susceptible to barrier damage and infection, during steady state and epicutaneous sensitization. Colonization with a defined consortium of human skin isolates restored barrier competence in an AHR-dependent manner. We reveal a fundamental mechanism whereby the microbiota regulates skin barrier formation and repair, with far-reaching implications for the numerous skin disorders characterized by epidermal barrier dysfunction.

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Risk Factors and Child Sexual Abuse among High School Pupils in Lusaka District, Zambia

Journal of Law and Social Sciences ◽

10.53974/unza.jlss.1.1.361 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 17-31

Author(s):

Maryn Mutaka ◽

Mwiya I Imasiku

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

At Risk ◽

Sexual Abuse ◽

Child Sexual Abuse ◽

Significant Relationship ◽

Significant Risk ◽

Significant Risk Factor ◽

Children At Risk ◽

African Countries ◽

The Government

Child sexual abuse is a universal problem that affects both boys and girls. In Zambia, like many other African countries, there are certain conditions and circumstances that put children at risk of sexual abuse. However, these risk factors remain explored (Chiroro et al., 2006). This study, therefore, was aimed at investigating risk factors and exploring child sexual abuse in Lusaka District. Specifically, it focused on identifying the forms of sexual abuse; examine the factors that put children at risk for sexual abuse; find out the grooming tactics used by sexual abusers; find out the disclosure rate for child sexual abuse cases; examine the abuser-victim relationships; and make recommendations for child sexual abuse prevention. Participants were 200 secondary school pupils (86 males and 114 females), who were randomly selected. Their ages ranged from sixteen to twenty-one years. Data was collected using a structured selfreport questionnaire and Focus Group Discussions (FGDs). Data analysis was done using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS). The results show an overall prevalence rate of child sexual abuse to be 43.5 per cent (n=87). Of the 87 victims, 41.1 per cent (n=36) were males and 58.6 per cent (n=51) were females. Among the forms of sexual abuse, sexual touch/arousal had the highest frequency (n=54, 62.1%). Most of the subjects (75.6%, n=19) did not disclose their sexual experiences, whereas only 24.4 per cent (n=19) did. Most abusers were found to be family members (n=39, 44%). Six risk factors for sexual abuse were examined, and the most powerful one was parental absence (n=63, 73.3%); having punitive parents (n=57, 68.7%); alcohol intake by a parent or other guardian (n=30, 34.5%); poor parent-child relationship (n=20, 23.7%); parental conflict (n=19, 22.4%); and presence of a stepparent (n=13, 13.1%). Furthermore, the results obtained from the FGDs show that the most frequently used trick for sexual abuse is the offer of money and/other gifts (n=21, 67.8%). Fifty-six (69%) of the victims lacked knowledge to know that the grooming they experienced would result into sexual abuse. The study tested two hypotheses: (a) alcohol intake by the parent or guardian is not a significant risk factor for child sexual abuse; (b) in Lusaka District, children and adolescents that are sexually abused have adequate knowledge of the grooming tactics used by abusers. The results showed that: (a) there is a significant relationship (p=0.004) between child sexual abuse and parental or guardian intake of alcohol; (b) there is a significant relationship (p=0.000) between child sexual abuse and children’s lack of knowledge of the grooming tactics used by sexual abusers. Recommendations made include: (a) teacher training in the area of child sexual abuse; (b) encouragement of research culture among Zambian scholars in the area of child sexual abuse; and (c) active involvement of children, parents, teachers and the government in the prevention of child sexual abuse.

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The Impact of Ultraviolet Radiation on Barrier Function in Human Skin: Molecular Mechanisms and Topical Therapeutics

Current Medicinal Chemistry ◽

10.2174/0929867324666171106164916 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 25 (40) ◽

pp. 5503-5511 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Abdulaziz Alhasaniah ◽

Michael J. Sherratt ◽

Catherine A. O'Neill

Keyword(s):

Ultraviolet Radiation ◽

Barrier Function ◽

Molecular Mechanisms ◽

Transepidermal Water Loss ◽

Protective Effects ◽

Barrier Dysfunction ◽

Epidermal Barrier ◽

Positive Effects ◽

Terrestrial Mammals ◽

The Impact

A competent epidermal barrier is crucial for terrestrial mammals. This barrier must keep in water and prevent entry of noxious stimuli. Most importantly, the epidermis must also be a barrier to ultraviolet radiation (UVR) from the sunlight. Currently, the effects of ultraviolet radiation on epidermal barrier function are poorly understood. However, studies in mice and more limited work in humans suggest that the epidermal barrier becomes more permeable, as measured by increased transepidermal water loss, in response UVR, at doses sufficiently high to induce erythema. The mechanisms may include disturbance in the organisation of lipids in the stratum corneum (the outermost layer of the epidermis) and reduction in tight junction function in the granular layer (the first living layer of the skin). By contrast, suberythemal doses of UVR appear to have positive effects on epidermal barrier function. Topical sunscreens have direct and indirect protective effects on the barrier through their ability to block UV and also due to their moisturising or occlusive effects, which trap water in the skin, respectively. Some topical agents such as specific botanical extracts have been shown to prevent the loss of water associated with high doses of UVR. In this review, we discuss the current literature and suggest that the biology of UVR-induced barrier dysfunction, and the use of topical products to protect the barrier, are areas worthy of further investigation.

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The Relationship Between Bullying Victimization and Perpetration and Non-suicidal Self-injury: A Systematic Review

Child Psychiatry & Human Development ◽

10.1007/s10578-021-01231-5 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Gianluca Serafini ◽

Andrea Aguglia ◽

Andrea Amerio ◽

Giovanna Canepa ◽

Giulia Adavastro ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Peer Victimization ◽

Significant Risk ◽

Positive Association ◽

Significant Risk Factor ◽

Future Research ◽

Bullying Victimization ◽

Self Injury ◽

Long Run ◽

Bully Victims

AbstractExperience of bullying may be a significant risk factor for non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI). This study had three aims: to systematically investigate the association between bullying and NSSI, analyze the possible mechanisms underlying the two phenomena, and evaluate any differences between bullying victimization and bullying perpetration with respect to NSSI. A systematic search about the association between bullying victimization and perpetration and NSSI was conducted using specific databases (PubMed, Scopus, Science Direct). The following keywords were used in all database searches: "bullying" AND "NSSI" OR "peer victimization" and NSSI. The searches in PubMed, Scopus and Science Direct revealed a total of 88 articles about bullying or peer victimization and NSSI. However, only 29 met our inclusion criteria and were used for the present review. Overall, all studies examined victimization; four studies also evaluated the effects of perpetration and one included bully-victims. According to the main findings, both being a victim of bullying and perpetrating bullying may increase the risk of adverse psychological outcomes in terms of NSSI and suicidality in the short and the long run. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first review to systematically evaluate the relation between bullying victimization/perpetration and NSSI. The main results support a positive association. Future research should evaluate the possible role of specific mediators/moderators of the association between experience of bullying and NSSI.

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Role of Centella asiatica and ceramide in skin barrier improvement: a double blind clinical trial of Indonesian batik workers

Journal of Basic and Clinical Physiology and Pharmacology ◽

10.1515/jbcpp-2020-0510 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 32 (4) ◽

pp. 589-593

Author(s):

Sylvia Anggraeni ◽

Menul Ayu Umborowati ◽

Damayanti Damayanti ◽

Anang Endaryanto ◽

Cita Rosita Sigit Prakoeswa

Keyword(s):

Clinical Trial ◽

Contact Dermatitis ◽

Stratum Corneum ◽

Skin Barrier ◽

Centella Asiatica ◽

Transepidermal Water Loss ◽

Double Blind ◽

Stratum Corneum Hydration ◽

Double Blind Clinical Trial

Abstract Objectives Batik dyes contain irritant chemicals that increase the risk of skin barrier disruption. This study aims to determine the effect of Centella asiatica and ceramide in transepidermal water loss (TEWL), hydration of the stratum corneum and skin acidity (pH). Methods This was a double blind clinical trial of 30 Indonesian batik workers who suffered from skin dryness, but had no clinical manifestation of contact dermatitis. Subjects were given cream containing C. asiatica or ceramide that formulated and randomly labeled by manufacturer (PT Paragon Technology and Innovation). Both subjects and researchers were blinded to the type of the cream. Cream was applied to the hands and arms twice a day. Biological function of the skin (TEWL, stratum corneum hydration level, and skin acidity) was examined by Cutometer dual MP-580. Baseline was recorded in the first examination, followed by second and third examinations at two and four weeks after treatment. Results After four weeks treatment, there were significant improvement of C. asiatica application in evaluation of corneometer palmar (p=0.007; CI 95%), corneometer dorsum (p=0.001; CI 95%), and skin acidity dorsum (p=0.017; CI 95%). Ceramide application also gave significant improvement of corneometer palmar (0.038; CI 95%), skin acidity palmar (p=0.001; CI 95%), TEWL dorsum (p=0.023; CI 95%), corneometer dorsum (p=0.002; CI 95%) and skin acidity dorsum (p=0.011; CI 95%). There were no significant differences of C. asiatica effectiveness compared to ceramide in skin barrier improvement. Conclusions C. asiatica and ceramide can improve skin barrier hydration in order to prevent the risk of contact dermatitis in batik workers.

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Abstract 17312: Hand1 Impairs Angiogenesis in Heart and Placenta

Circulation ◽

10.1161/circ.138.suppl_1.17312 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 138 (Suppl_1) ◽

Author(s):

Jennifer A Courtney ◽

Helen N Jones

Keyword(s):

Histological Analysis ◽

Heart Defects ◽

Significant Risk ◽

Significant Risk Factor ◽

Placental Development ◽

Hypoplastic Left Heart ◽

Septal Defects ◽

And Function ◽

Left Heart Syndrome

Introduction: Congenital heart defects affect approximately 1% of live births, often requiring complex surgeries at birth. The most significant risk factor for surgery survival is birthweight. Proper placental development and function is vital for normal fetal growth. We have previously demonstrated abnormal placental development and vascularization in human CHD placentas. Hand1 has roles in heart and placental development and has been implicated in multiple types of CHD including double right outlet, hypoplastic left heart syndrome, and septal defects. We utilized the Hand1 A126fs/+ mouse to investigate the role of Hand1 in placentation and vascularization. Methods: Hand1 A126fs/+ female mice were time-mated with Nkx2.5cre or Cdh5cre males. Feto-placental units were harvested at E10.5 and E12.5 for histological analysis, vascular assessment by IHC for CD-31, and RNA expression by qPCR. Results: Nkx2.5cre/Hand1 a126fs/+ fetuses demonstrated embryonic lethality by E10.5 due to lack of placental labyrinth formation and vascularization (Figure 1). In contrast, ablation of Hand1 in vascular endothelium (Cdh5cre) did not disrupt placental labyrinth or heart at E12.5. Expression of VegFb, Ang1, Ang2, Flt1, Flk was reduced in Hand1 A126fs/+ ; Nkx2.5cre placentas compared to control littermates, but VegFa expression was increased. Conclusion: Our data demonstrate that Hand1 expression in placental trophoblast, but not endothelium, is necessary for vascularization of the labyrinth and may disrupt multiple angiogenic factors known to be expressed in trophoblast. Alterations in Hand1 may represent a mechanism for abnormal placentation in cases of CHD. Figure 1. H/E (A-C) and CD31 (D-F) images of Hand1 +/+ (A, D), Hand1 A126fs/+ ; Nkx2.5cre (B, E), and Hand1 A126fs/+ ; Cdh5cre (C, F) placentas at day E12.5. Hand1A 126fs/+ ; Nkx2.5cre placentas fail to form labyrinth and fetal vasculature, while Hand1 A126fs/+ ; Cdh5cre placentas develop normally at this timepoint.

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Evaluation of Hypercholesterolemia in Childhood

Pediatrics in Review ◽

10.1542/pir.17.3.94 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 17 (3) ◽

pp. 94-97

Author(s):

Thomas J. Starc ◽

Richard J. Deckelbaum

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

At Risk ◽

Heart Disease ◽

Family History ◽

Direct Proof ◽

Children At Risk ◽

History Of

For many adults, the risk of atherosclerosis can be reduced by intervention and treatment of known risk factors. Direct proof that similar intervention will be effective in children is not available. However, evidence suggests that prevention beginning in childhood will lead to a decrease in incidence of heart disease later in life. The majority of families are eager to take steps to prevent heart disease in their children, especially if there is a family history of early heart disease. It is the role of the pediatrician to identify those children at risk for early heart disease and to initiate advice on reducing risk factors.

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