scholarly journals Rise in 2017-2018 measles morbidity in Serbia and Northwest Russia

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 729-734
Author(s):  
V. D. Stoiljkovic ◽  
M. A. Bichurina ◽  
I. N. Lavrentieva ◽  
S. B. Filipovic-Vignjevic ◽  
M. D. Bancevic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Incidence Rate ◽  
Measles Virus ◽  
Federal District ◽  
Test System ◽  
Vaccination Status ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Virus Genotypes ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Measles Incidence

In 2017, the WHO registered 23,927 measles cases in 44 out of 53 countries in the European region. In 2018, measles incidence rate increased up to 82,599 cases registered in 48 countries of the region, with a large number of measles-associated deaths. Overall, 72 measles fatalities were registered in 10 European countries, including Serbia (15 cases).Aim of the study: to characterize 2017—2018 epidemiological upsurge of measles incidence rate observed in the Republic of Serbia (RS) and the Northwestern Federal District (NWFD) of the Russian Federation.Materials and methods. During the 2017—2018 season, 944 serum samples were collected from patients with measles, rubella, or exanthematous diseases in the NWFD and tested in the Laboratory of Virology at the St. Petersburg Regional Centre for Measles Surveillance (SPbRC). In 2017—2018, 2,946 serum samples from the Republic of Serbia were analyzed in the SPbRC by using ELISA with IgM measles test system (Vector-Best, Russia; or Siemens, Germany). Urine and swab samples were examined by RT-PCR and used for isolation and genotyping of measles viruses.Results. From 2017 to 2018, 5,798 measles cases were registered in the RS, among which 2,946 were laboratory-confirmed (serological testing and/or PCR). Unvaccinated subjects or those with unknown vaccination status accounted for majority of the cases. Children under 5 years of age and adults aged 30 years and over dominated among measles patients. During this season, 15 deaths were reported. Several genotypes of measles virus circulated in the RS, e.g. В3 Dublin, D8 Gir Somnath, and D8 Herborn. In 2018, 109 measles cases were recorded in the NWFD, 5 of which were imported from abroad. Among patients, adults comprised 64.2%, wherein 74.3% were covered by unvaccinated subjects or those with unknown vaccination status. Rise in measles incidence rate linked to multiple importations of various measles virus genotypes: В3 Kabul; B3 Dublin; D8 Frankfurt; D8 Cambridge; and D8 Gir Somnath.

scholarly journals Epidemiological Situation on Tick-Borne Rickettsioses in the Russian Federation in 2010–2019 and Prognosis for 2020

2020 ◽  
pp. 61-68
Author(s):  
N. V. Rudakov ◽  
S. N. Shpynov ◽  
N. A. Pen`evskaya ◽  
D. V. Trankvilevsky ◽  
E. V. Yatsmenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Incidence Rate ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Spotted Fever ◽  
Federal District ◽  
Relative Incidence ◽  
Significant Downward Trend ◽  
Entomological Monitoring ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Republic

Objective of the study was to analyze the incidence of Siberian tick-borne typhus (STBT) in the Russian Federation between 2010 and 2019, Astrakhan spotted fever (ASF) and Mediterranean fever (MF) since official registration, and forecast the development of the epidemic process for endemic rickettsioses for 2020. Materials and methods. The analysis of the incidence of STBT, ASF and MF in the Russian Federation over the period of 2010–2019, 2013–2019 and 2014–2019, respectively, in relation to the results of zoological-entomological monitoring. Results and discussion. The average long-term incidence rate of STBT for 2010–2019 in the Russian Federation on the whole was 1.1 0 /0000 (DI95 1.05÷1.08) without trends towards change. The maximum relative incidence of STBT is typical for the Siberian Federal District (SFD) where the average long-term incidence rate for 2010–2019 amounted to 6.28 per 100 thousand of the population. In the second place is the Far Eastern Federal District (FEFD) – 5.17 0 /0000, in third – the Ural Federal District (UFD) – 0.1 0 /0000. When assessing the 10‑year dynamics of the relative incidence of STBT, we have revealed a significant tendency to increase in the FEFD, a tendency to stabilize in the SFD and a significant downward trend – in the UFD. A reliable increasing trend in STBT incidence was detected in the Altai Republic and in the Khabarovsk Territory. Major decline in STBT incidence was observed in the Trans-Baikal territory, Krasnoyarsk territory, Kurgan Region and the Republic of Khakassia. There is a marked tendency to increase in the incidence of MF in the Republic of Crimea. In the Astrakhan Region and the Republic of Kalmykia, there is an expressed tendency towards the reduction in the ASF morbidity rates.

scholarly journals Integral Assessment of the Development Level of Electronic Business in the Regions of the Volga Federal District

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 55-62
Author(s):  
M. V. Bikeeva ◽  
K. V. Belash
Keyword(s):  
Information And Communication Technologies ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Federal District ◽  
Communication Technologies ◽  
Electronic Business ◽  
Development Level ◽  
The World ◽  
Information And Communication ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Republic

Purpose of the study. Information and communication technologies are becoming a powerful tool for the development of electronic business. Today, the leaders in the global economic and political space are precisely those countries that have learned to determine the vector of development of information technologies and use new opportunities for their application. The development of innovative digital technologies in Russia and in the world is widely discussed in the framework of various discussion platforms. In particular, at the International Forum “The Digital Future of the Global Economy” (January 31, 2020 Almaty), digitalization of trade processes between the EAEU membercountries became one of the main topics. The annual Tech Week conference (Moscow) is becoming a traditional place for discussing the implementation of innovative technologies in business, as well as for the exchange of experience of leading Russian and world corporations in the field of electronic business. In this regard, there is a need for a comprehensive statistical assessment of the development level of electronic business of the territory.Materials and methods. The research was based on the data of the Federal State Statistics Service for 2018 for the regions of the Volga federal district, and the results of monitoring the development of the information society in the Russian Federation. As a tool for assessing the degree of digitalization of business in the regions of the Volga federal district, the graphic polygon (radar) method is used.Results. The article provides a retrospective analysis of the stages of development of electronic business in Russia. Among the characteristic features of the modern stage of its development are the mass introduction of Internet technologies and the transformation of traditional business methods. The introduction of advanced information and communication technologies contributes to greater involvement of the business sector in electronic business. In terms of the level of development of information and communication technologies (ICT Development Index), Russia ranks 45th among the countries of the world. For the period 2010 - 2018 the development of electronic business in Russia has a positive trend. According to the results of 2018, the volume of the Russian e-commerce market amounted to 1280 billion rubles, or 4.1% of the total trade turnover. According to forecast estimates, by 2023 the volume of Russian e-commerce market will grow to 8.5% of the total turnover and amount to 2780 billion rubles. An integrated assessment of the development level of electronic business was carried out according to sixteen local criteria. As a result of calculating the private and local ranks of the values of the relevant criteria, fourteen polygons of the level of development of electronic business were constructed by the number of regions of the Volga federal district. The results obtained allow us to state the existence of a high degree of heterogeneity of the regions of the Volga federal district according to the integral indicator under study. Among the leading regions in terms of electronic business development are the Republic of Tatarstan, Perm krai and Nizhny Novgorod region. Outsider regions – the Mari El Republic, the Republic of Mordovia, and the Kirov region – are characterized by a low percentage of organizations that used the capabilities of the Intranet and Extranet, the absence of special software for managing sales of goods (works, services), and limited use of software, in particular ERP, CRM and SCM systems.Conclusion. The widespread use of information and communication technologies entails the expansion of opportunities and improving the quality of coordination of business activities. We should remember that if modern business cannot quickly adapt to the new requirements of the digital economy, then it risks becoming uncompetitive. The results of the study revealed a differentiation in the development of electronic business in the regions of the Volga federal district. A similar situation is observed in most constituent entities of the Russian Federation and is due in many respects to specific reasons for each region. The timely fulfillment of the goals and objectives of digital transformations in the Russian Federation reflected in the Digital Economy of the Russian Federation Program and other regulatory documents will help to smooth out the existing imbalances.

scholarly journals Diagnostics of Inequality in the Social Sphere of the Far Eastern Regions of the Russian Federation

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 56-67
Author(s):  
Lyudmila Kovalchuk ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social Development ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Federal District ◽  
Social Sphere ◽  
Interregional Interaction ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Far Eastern ◽  
Negative Phenomena

The expansion of the borders of the Far Eastern Federal District due to the inclusion of the Trans-Baikal Territory and the Republic of Buryatia in its composition actualizes the problem of inequality of regions (primarily in the social sphere), which in the new boundaries of the macroregion has significantly increased and has acquired a «supernormal» character. It has been established that the lag of the «new» Far Eastern subjects in the level of social development is accompanied by an increase in negative phenomena in the social sphere. The necessity of implementing a set of measures to form a «corridor of opportunities» that regions can use, including within the framework of interregional interaction within the Far Eastern Federal District, has been substantiated

scholarly journals About Recurrence of Epidemic Process of Tuberculosis

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 41-49
Author(s):  
A. A. Yakovlev ◽  
M. S. Kornilov ◽  
E. S. Pozdeeva ◽  
L. S. Burnasheva ◽  
N. A. Polyakova
Keyword(s):  
Incidence Rate ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Medical Statistics ◽  
Primorsky Krai ◽  
Epidemic Process ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Republic

Relevance. The problem of the cyclical nature of the epidemic process (EP) in various infections, including tuberculosis, remains poorly understood. Aim. To study the cyclical nature of the epidemic process of tuberculosis using the example of the territories of the Primorsky Territory and the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia). The accounting and reporting documents of official medical statistics were used. The incidence of tuberculosis in the population of Primorsky Krai was analyzed from 1951 to 2016, the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) – from 1962 to 2016. For comparison, we used data on the incidence of tuberculosis in the Russian Federation for 1960–2016. Results and discussion. On the basis of data for more than a 60-year period, the dynamics of the development of EP of tuberculosis among the population of the Primorsky Territory and the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) was studied in comparison with that of the Russian Federation as a whole. Conclusion. It is shown that the dynamics of the incidence in the analyzed territories is characterized by synchronism and two periods of an increased incidence rate are distinguished in it: the 50s – the beginning of the 70s of the last century and from the end of the 80s to the present.

scholarly journals Features of the Epidemiological Situation on Tick-Borne Rickettsioses in the Russian Federation in 2010–2020 and Prognosis for 2021

2021 ◽  
pp. 73-80
Author(s):  
N. V. Rudakov ◽  
S. N. Shpynov ◽  
N. A. Pen’evskaya ◽  
A. I. Blokh ◽  
T. A. Reshetnikova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Spotted Fever ◽  
Federal District ◽  
Relative Incidence ◽  
Significant Downward Trend ◽  
Federal Districts ◽  
Mediterranean Fever ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Republic

Objective is to analyze the incidence of Siberian tick typhus (STT) in the Russian Federation over the period of 2010–2020, Astrakhan spotted fever (ASF) and Mediterranean fever (MF) since the official registration, and to forecast the development of the epidemic process for endemic rickettsioses for 2021. The analysis of the incidence of STT, ASF and MF in Russia for the period of 2010–2020, 2013–2020 and 2014–2020, respectively, has been carried out. The forecast of endemic rickettsioses morbidity in the European and Asian parts of Russia for 2021 has been made. The average long-term incidence of STT for 2010–2020 in the Russian Federation as a whole was 1.04 (CI95 1.02÷1.05) 0/0000, with no tendency to change. The maximum relative incidence of STT is typical for the Siberian Federal District (SFD), where the average long-term incidence rate for 2010–2020 was 6.20 (CI95 6.08÷6.31) per 100 thousand of the population. The Far Eastern Federal District (FEFD) – 4.70 (CI95 4.53÷4.87) 0/0000 came in second place, the third place was taken by the Ural Federal District (UFD) – 0.08 (CI95 0.07÷0.10) 0/0000. When assessing the 11-year dynamics of the relative incidence of STT by the Federal Districts, we have detected a tendency to its stabilization in the SFD and the FEFD. In the UFD, a significant downward trend was revealed. The upward trend in the incidence of STT remained in the Altai Republic. Major decline in STT incidence was observed in the Kurgan Region, Trans-Baikal Territory, Krasnoyarsk Territory, and the Republic of Khakassia. There was a declining trend in the incidence of Astrakhan spotted fever in the Astrakhan Region and the Republic of Kalmykia. In the Republic of Crimea and the city of Sevastopol there is no trend to increase the incidence of Mediterranean fever.

scholarly journals Domestic market of Arctic Uluses of Sakha (Yakutia) in the Far Eastern Federal District macro area

2021 ◽  
Vol 34 (01) ◽  
pp. 186-192
Author(s):  
Yang Lifen ◽  
Yuriy Yu. Fedorov
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Far East ◽  
Federal District ◽  
Market Potential ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Government Body ◽  
Far Eastern

This study reviews and compares the market potential of two macro-areas in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) in the AZRF (Arctic zone of the Russian Federation) and the FEFD (Far Eastern Federal District. Moreover, this work shows that a significant part of supply and demand in municipalities' domestic markets is concentrated in the FEFD. Until recently, the AZRF and the FEFD were not considered by the State as a single government body. Transferred powers to the Ministry of the Russian Federation for the development of the Far East and the Arctic has allowed the territory of the Arctic uluses of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) to be included in the social and economic development of the FEFD.

scholarly journals Measles and rubella in the North-West of Russia in period of elimination

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 106-112
Author(s):  
M. A. Bichurina ◽  
N. V. Zheleznova ◽  
A. A. Sharova
Keyword(s):  
Measles Virus ◽  
Laboratory Diagnostics ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
North West ◽  
The North ◽  
Measles Elimination ◽  
Molecular Studies ◽  
High Level ◽  
Measles Incidence ◽  
Virus Strains

Aim: To evaluate the epidemic situation on measles and rubella and to carry out the laboratory diagnostics of these infections in the North-West of Russia in the period of elimination.Materials and Methods. In 2016-2019 a total of 534 blood serum samples from patients with measles diagnosis, 210 – from patients with rubella diagnosis and 1251 – from patients with exanthema were studied by ELISA using “VectoMeasles-IgM” and “EIA-Rubella-IgM” test-systems.Results. Measles incidence in NWR varied from 0 to 0.96 per 100,000 in 2016 and 2019, respectively. Among measles patients the proportion of children and adults changed in 2018-2019, adults constituted 65.9%. Patients not vaccinated against measles and those with the unknown vaccination status were mainly involved in epidemic process (85%). High level of patients with revaccination status was revealed in 2018 (18.4%). These patients demonstrated high levels of IgG (>3.0 IU/ml) as well as high percentage of IgG avidity (>94.3%) on 4-7th day of rash onset thus evidencing secondary immune response. Molecular studies of the samples from patients revealed the circulation of D8 and B3 genotypes of measles virus. Strains of D8 and B3 genotypes were represented by 3 and 4 variants, respectively. Rubella incidence did not exceed 0.13 per 100,000. Strains of rubella virus of genotype 1E were detected.Conclusion. The data of annual measles incidence and molecular studies of circulating wild type measles viruses prove the on-going measles elimination process in the NorthWest of Russia. For rubella, the persistent phase of elimination was demonstrated in the region. 

scholarly journals TRENDS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE DIGITAL ECONOMY IN THE REGIONS OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (37) ◽  
pp. 15-24
Author(s):  
N.V. Trofimova ◽  
◽  
E.R. Mamleeva ◽  
G.F. Shaykhutdinova ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Federal District ◽  
Digital Economy ◽  
Social Sphere ◽  
Group Matrix ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Analytical Tools ◽  
Nizhny Novgorod Region

The article presents the genesis and stages of the digital economy development. The object of the study is the subjects of the Volga Federal District (PFD) of the Russian Federation. The subject of the study is determined by the assessment of the state and development of the digital economy using the tools of the Boston Consulting Group matrix and the grouping of statistical measurement indicators for 2005-2019. The chosen analytical tools made it possible to diagnose the level of digitalization of the economy: to determine the degree of digitalization of the region at the current moment, to identify regions with similar trends, to find best practices that allowed some regions to reach the forefront. The obtained indices are combined into a summary indicator, the results of which allowed us to divide the subjects of the Volga Federal District into 4 groups: "depressed", "lagging", "stable", "progressive". The resulting typology of the regions of the Volga Federal District will allow us to develop specific measures in the field of regional digital policy and accelerate the processes of digital transformation of the regions and the country as a whole. Among the regions of the Volga Federal District, the IT sector is developing most successfully in the Republic of Tatarstan, the Perm Territory and the Nizhny Novgorod Region. These regions are implementing a consistent and most effective digitalization policy, which creates the basis for the successful development of the economy and social sphere.

scholarly journals Detection of measles cases in the Republic of Guinea in 2017–2018

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 570-574
Author(s):  
I. N. Lavrentieva ◽  
M. A. Bichurina ◽  
A. Y. Antipova ◽  
J. Camara ◽  
N.F. Magassouba
Keyword(s):  
Antibody Level ◽  
Measles Virus ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Cold Chain ◽  
Epidemiological Surveillance ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Igg Antibody ◽  
Republic Of Guinea ◽  
Measles Vaccination ◽  
The Republic

In 2017, WHO reported 596 confirmed measles cases in Guinea Republic connected to the 2016–2017 epidemic outbreak that was stopped after additional immunization (SIA) against measles in two provinces of the country. Improving the effectiveness of SIA is associated with the identification of epidemiologically significant groups of the population. The aim of the study was to analyze 2017–2018 measles cases and assess population immunity to measles virus in the Republic of Guinea. Materials and methods. A total of 810 blood serum samples collected from patients with maculo-papular rash and clinical diagnosis “measles?” were tested for measles virus-specific IgM-and IgG antibody level. 445 sera of conditionally healthy individuals aged 7 months to 67 years were examined for anti-measles virus IgG antibody level. Immunoglobulins of classes M and G were detected by ELISA with test systems «Anti-Measles Virus ELISA (IgM)» (Euro immun, Germany) and «Anti-Measles Virus ELISA (IgG)» (Euroimmun, Germany). Results and discussion.In 2017–2018, the epidemic process of the measles in the Republic of Guinea proceeded very intensively, being markedly prevalent in children among age groups. In 2018, more than half of the cases (61.6%) were identified in children aged 1 to 5 years old; the second most abundant age group was children under one year (18.6%), probably due to violated measles vaccination, which in GR are subject to children of nine months of age. It was found that 16.4% of patients (60 out of 366) had documented data on measles vaccination. Potentially, high proportion of measles cases among pre-vaccinated subjects was due to insufficient immune response to a single immunization in children of 9 months of age. Moreover, lowered vaccine-related properties might also be violated “cold chain” during vaccine transportation occurring in tropical climate. Analyzing 445 subjects revealed that total number of measles virus seronegative subjects was 8.3%. However, the vast majority of them were children and young adults aged 7 months to 22 years, where 52.4% of seronegative subjects were identified. Thus, the data obtained indicate that intensive measles virus circulation in human population was continued that necessitate interventions for improving epidemiological surveillance, extend routine measles vaccination coverage and conduct SIAs against measles in GR.

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