scholarly journals Measles and rubella in the North-West of Russia in period of elimination

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 106-112
Author(s):  
M. A. Bichurina ◽  
N. V. Zheleznova ◽  
A. A. Sharova
Keyword(s):  
Measles Virus ◽  
Laboratory Diagnostics ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
North West ◽  
The North ◽  
Measles Elimination ◽  
Molecular Studies ◽  
High Level ◽  
Measles Incidence ◽  
Virus Strains

Aim: To evaluate the epidemic situation on measles and rubella and to carry out the laboratory diagnostics of these infections in the North-West of Russia in the period of elimination.Materials and Methods. In 2016-2019 a total of 534 blood serum samples from patients with measles diagnosis, 210 – from patients with rubella diagnosis and 1251 – from patients with exanthema were studied by ELISA using “VectoMeasles-IgM” and “EIA-Rubella-IgM” test-systems.Results. Measles incidence in NWR varied from 0 to 0.96 per 100,000 in 2016 and 2019, respectively. Among measles patients the proportion of children and adults changed in 2018-2019, adults constituted 65.9%. Patients not vaccinated against measles and those with the unknown vaccination status were mainly involved in epidemic process (85%). High level of patients with revaccination status was revealed in 2018 (18.4%). These patients demonstrated high levels of IgG (>3.0 IU/ml) as well as high percentage of IgG avidity (>94.3%) on 4-7th day of rash onset thus evidencing secondary immune response. Molecular studies of the samples from patients revealed the circulation of D8 and B3 genotypes of measles virus. Strains of D8 and B3 genotypes were represented by 3 and 4 variants, respectively. Rubella incidence did not exceed 0.13 per 100,000. Strains of rubella virus of genotype 1E were detected.Conclusion. The data of annual measles incidence and molecular studies of circulating wild type measles viruses prove the on-going measles elimination process in the NorthWest of Russia. For rubella, the persistent phase of elimination was demonstrated in the region. 

scholarly journals Rise in 2017-2018 measles morbidity in Serbia and Northwest Russia

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 729-734
Author(s):  
V. D. Stoiljkovic ◽  
M. A. Bichurina ◽  
I. N. Lavrentieva ◽  
S. B. Filipovic-Vignjevic ◽  
M. D. Bancevic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Incidence Rate ◽  
Measles Virus ◽  
Federal District ◽  
Test System ◽  
Vaccination Status ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Virus Genotypes ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Measles Incidence

In 2017, the WHO registered 23,927 measles cases in 44 out of 53 countries in the European region. In 2018, measles incidence rate increased up to 82,599 cases registered in 48 countries of the region, with a large number of measles-associated deaths. Overall, 72 measles fatalities were registered in 10 European countries, including Serbia (15 cases).Aim of the study: to characterize 2017—2018 epidemiological upsurge of measles incidence rate observed in the Republic of Serbia (RS) and the Northwestern Federal District (NWFD) of the Russian Federation.Materials and methods. During the 2017—2018 season, 944 serum samples were collected from patients with measles, rubella, or exanthematous diseases in the NWFD and tested in the Laboratory of Virology at the St. Petersburg Regional Centre for Measles Surveillance (SPbRC). In 2017—2018, 2,946 serum samples from the Republic of Serbia were analyzed in the SPbRC by using ELISA with IgM measles test system (Vector-Best, Russia; or Siemens, Germany). Urine and swab samples were examined by RT-PCR and used for isolation and genotyping of measles viruses.Results. From 2017 to 2018, 5,798 measles cases were registered in the RS, among which 2,946 were laboratory-confirmed (serological testing and/or PCR). Unvaccinated subjects or those with unknown vaccination status accounted for majority of the cases. Children under 5 years of age and adults aged 30 years and over dominated among measles patients. During this season, 15 deaths were reported. Several genotypes of measles virus circulated in the RS, e.g. В3 Dublin, D8 Gir Somnath, and D8 Herborn. In 2018, 109 measles cases were recorded in the NWFD, 5 of which were imported from abroad. Among patients, adults comprised 64.2%, wherein 74.3% were covered by unvaccinated subjects or those with unknown vaccination status. Rise in measles incidence rate linked to multiple importations of various measles virus genotypes: В3 Kabul; B3 Dublin; D8 Frankfurt; D8 Cambridge; and D8 Gir Somnath.

DEVELOPMENT OF THE NORTH RANKIN FIELD, NORTH WEST SHELF, AUSTRALIA

1983 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 164
Author(s):  
M. David Agostini
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Survey ◽  
Process Equipment ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Gas Field ◽  
North West ◽  
The North ◽  
Christmas Trees ◽  
High Level ◽  
Inflow Performance ◽  
Standard Steel

The North Rankin gas field discovered in 1971, has been evaluated by a series of appraisal wells and refinement of this is underway through the use of a 3D seismic survey. Extensive production testing on two wells was used to establish reservoir fluid characteristics, inflow performance and to predict reservoir behaviour.The North Rankin 'A' platform has been constructed of a standard steel jacket design. Components of the structure were built in Japan, Singapore, Geraldton, Jervoise Bay and Adelaide. Provision exists for 34 wells to be drilled from the structure to exploit the southern end of the North Rankin field.Simultaneous drilling and producing activities are planned, requiring well survey and deviation control techniques that will provide a high level of confidence. Wells will be completed using 7 inch tubing, fire resistant christmas trees, and are designed to be produced at about 87 MMSCFD on a continuous basis. Process equipment on this platform is designed to handle 1200 MMSCFD and is intended primarily to dry the gas and condensate and to transfer gas and liquid to shore in a two phase 40 inch pipeline. The maintenance of offshore equipment is being planned to maximise the ratio between planned and unplanned work.The commencement of drilling activities is planned for mid 1983, with commissioning of process equipment occurring in the second quarter of 198 The North Rankin 'A' platform will initially supply the WA market at some 400 MMSCFD offshore gas rate, requiring 7 wells. The start of LNG exports is planned for April 1987. The intial gas for this will be derived from the North Rankin 'A' platform.

scholarly journals Implementation of a National Measles Elimination Program in Iran: Phylogenetic Analysis of Measles Virus Strains Isolated during 2010–2012 Outbreaks

PLoS ONE ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. e94846 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vahid Salimi ◽  
Simin Abbasi ◽  
Seyed Mohsen Zahraei ◽  
Ghazal Fatemi-Nasab ◽  
Fatemeh Adjaminezhad-Fard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Measles Virus ◽  
Measles Elimination ◽  
Virus Strains

scholarly journals Measles outbreak in a migrant laborer population in the wake of COVID-19 pandemic: Kathmandu, Nepal, 2020

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Biplov Adhikari ◽  
Sauharda Singh Karki ◽  
Amrit Devkota ◽  
Rahul Thakur ◽  
Nabina Karki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Measles Virus ◽  
Health Centre ◽  
Immunoglobulin M ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Measles Elimination ◽  
Migrant Laborers ◽  
Measles Outbreak ◽  
Laboratory Confirmation ◽  
Significant Difference

Abstract We describe a measles outbreak in migrant laborers working in a carpet factory in Kathmandu, the capital of Nepal. The outbreak occurred during the nationwide lockdown enforced to contain the COVID-19 pandemic and 2 weeks after the Supplmentary Immunization Activities done for measles elimination. We included all the patients from the factory presenting to Mulpani Primary Health Centre, Kathmandu, Nepal with acute febrile rash illness. Recovered patients with history of fever and rash within the defined outbreak period with a clear epidemiological linkage were also included. Laboratory confirmation was done by detection of immunoglobulin M (IgM) in serum samples against the measles virus via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). We compared attack rates (ARs) between those less than 5 years and 5 years or older. We identified 11 case patients ranging from 7 months to 27 years of age (3 below 5years of age); rash onsets were from 28 March-20 April 2020. All case-patients were laborers who had immigrated to Kathmandu from rural parts of the country. We sent serum samples of 7 patients for laboratory confirmation; 5 patients tested positive. The remaining four patients had a clear epidemiological linkage. The average attack rate was 30.5% with no significant difference between attack rates among the <5 years and the ≥5 years reported as 37.5 and 28.5 respectively. Migrant population from rural regions with poor outreach of essential health services like vaccination can act as pockets of measles susceptible individuals if not measles reservoirs. The squalid conditions in which the migrant laborers live-in can also compound the risk of outbreak in such populations. It is prudent to address the vaccination status of such population and timely correct their vaccine status if unvaccinated in order to meet the goal of measles elimination by 2023.

scholarly journals Morphological and molecular characterization of Gordionus alpestris (Nematomorpha) from the North-West Caucasus, Russia

2013 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Spiridonov ◽  
V. Schmatko
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Characterization ◽  
North West ◽  
The North ◽  
The Family ◽  
Pcr Products ◽  
High Level ◽  
Morphological And Molecular Characterization

AbstractDuring the survey of Pachyiulus krivolutskyi Golovatch, 1977 (Diplopoda) near Nickel’ in Adygei Republic (Russia) in the summer 2009 the infestation of these millipeds with nematomorphs of the species Gordionus alpestris was revealed. The morphology of naturally emerging nematomorphs was studied in SEM. The partial sequences of 18S (883 bp) and 28S (393 bp) rDNA PCR-products were obtained and analyzed. An unexpectedly high level of differences between Gordionus alpestris found in diplopods of North-West Caucasus and other molecularly studied representatives of the family Chordodidae was observed.

scholarly journals The epidemiology of measles in Poland: prevalence of measles virus antibodies in the population

2000 ◽  
Vol 125 (2) ◽  
pp. 385-392 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. JANASZEK ◽  
W. GUT ◽  
N. J. GAY
Keyword(s):  
Measles Virus ◽  
Virus Antibody ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
High Coverage ◽  
Measles Elimination ◽  
Specific Igg ◽  
Catch Up ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Measles Virus Antibodies ◽  
The Impact

WHO has adopted a goal of eliminating indigenous measles from the European Region by the year 2007. The strategy focuses on reducing the proportion of susceptible individuals in the population to low levels and maintaining these low levels of susceptibility. Routine vaccination against measles for children aged 13–15 months was introduced in Poland in 1975, and a second dose added in 1991. High coverage (> 95%) is achieved with both doses. In order to assess progress towards measles elimination in Poland, a serological survey was performed to evaluate the impact of vaccination on the susceptibility profile of population. Three thousand residual serum samples from individuals aged 1–30 years were collected from hospitals in six selected voivodeships (administration units) in Poland. These were tested for measles-specific IgG using a commercial ELISA. Overall 4% (120/3000) were negative for measles virus antibody. The highest proportion of negatives (8·2%) occurred among cohorts born 1977–81 – the only cohorts in which susceptibility exceeded the WHO targets. ‘Catch-up’ vaccination strategies should target these cohorts.

scholarly journals Diagnosis and treatment of fungal keratitis. Part I

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 63-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yelena V. Skryabina ◽  
Yuriy S. Astakhov ◽  
Yanina S. Konenkova ◽  
Farkhod O. Kasymov ◽  
Nataliya G. Zumbulidze ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Filamentous Fungi ◽  
Fungal Keratitis ◽  
Laboratory Diagnostics ◽  
Fungal Culture ◽  
City Hospital ◽  
In Vivo Microscopy ◽  
North West ◽  
Sabouraud Agar ◽  
The North

Fungal keratitis (FK) is a difficult diagnostic challenge for ophthalmologists. The aim is to familiarize practicing physicians with the diagnostic algorithm worked out in the Ophthalmological Center of SPB City hospital No. 2 using modern research methods, and to assess the epidemiology of fungal keratitis in the North-West Region. Materials and methods. Patients underwent laboratory diagnostics (fluorescence microscopy of corneal scrapings from the cornea, сulture on Sabouraud agar and broth), confocal in vivo microscopy, optical coherence tomography. Results. During the period from 2007 to 2017, 41 cases of FK were identified in the City hospital No. 2, of which filamentous fungi were the causative agent in 32 cases (78%), yeast fungi — in 9 cases (22%). Our analysis included patients with fungal keratitis over the past three years, all of them underwent a full diagnostic cycle. Filamentous fungi were found among 12 of them (63%), yeast — in 7 (37%). Our data, considering the statistics of fungal keratitis in the North-West of Russia — a region with a high level of urbanization and industrialization, and located in the temperate zone — showed a predominance of filamentous fungi as pathogens (prevalence 1.3 times higher). Our scheme of keratitis diagnostics — confocal in vivo microscopy, OCT, fungal culture — is a reliable way to identify fungal pathogens in the cornea, and can be recommended for use in practical ophthalmology.

scholarly journals Population genetics meets phylogenetics: new insights into the relationships among members of the genus Euthynnus (family Scombridae)

Hydrobiologia ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Judith Ollé ◽  
Laura Vilà-Valls ◽  
Jaime Alvarado-Bremer ◽  
Genoveva Cerdenares ◽  
Thuy Yen Duong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
North Atlantic ◽  
Genetic Divergence ◽  
East Atlantic ◽  
North West ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
Worldwide Distribution ◽  
Allopatric Species ◽  
The North Atlantic ◽  
High Level

AbstractEuthynnus (family Scombridae) is a genus of marine pelagic fish species with a worldwide distribution that comprises three allopatric species: E. alletteratus, E. affinis and E. lineatus. All of them targeted by artisanal and commercial fisheries. We analyzed 263 individuals from Atlantic and Pacific Oceans using two genetic markers, the mtDNA Control Region (350 bp) and nuclear calmodulin (341 bp). The results obtained challenge the phylogeny of this group. We found a deep genetic divergence, probably at species level, within E. alletteratus, between the North Atlantic-Mediterranean and the Tropical East Atlantic. This deep genetic divergence was tested with several species delimitation methods. This complete phylogeographic association between the North Atlantic and the Tropical East Atlantic support the hypothesis of two cryptic species. In addition, population genetic heterogeneity was detected between the North East Atlantic–Mediterranean and North West Atlantic regions. Our results indicate two scales of differentiation in what is currently considered a single population. Accordingly, for management purposes, the populations of E. alletteratus, should be divided into a minimum of three management units. On the other hand, the high level of differentiation found in E. alletteratus contrasts with the shallow genetic divergence of E. affinis and E. lineatus.

2010 environmental update

2011 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 179
Author(s):  
Alastair Sharp-Paul ◽  
Alexandra Hare ◽  
Alice Turnbull ◽  
Tara Halliday
Keyword(s):  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Oil And Gas Industry ◽  
Environmental Research ◽  
Gas Industry ◽  
North West ◽  
The North ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Policy And Suggestion ◽  
High Level ◽  
Gas Fields

Focusing on Australian projects, this paper provides a summary of the key environmental challenges and developments that arose in 2010 and the industry’s response. The paper considers: developments in legislation and the regulatory environment relating to environmental approvals and management; major project approvals and their environmental requirements and implications; key environmental incidents; and reviews new environmental research and management initiatives that were introduced by the industry. A number of states have introduced changes to the way legislation and regulations are interpreted through changes to guidelines and administrative procedures. There has been a general increase in the standard and level of information that regulators expect proponents to provide and while generally these expectations are documented in guidelines and other documents, in some instances there has been a perceived ‘moving of the goal posts’ without clear guidance on what is expected and how the information will be considered once provided. There has been a number of major projects either commencing or gaining environmental approval in 2010. This includes major projects: in Western Australia, on the North West Shelf and in the Timor Sea/Browse Basin; onshore in Queensland in the coal-seam gas fields and continued exploration and development both onshore and offshore around Australia. One of the most significant approvals in 2010 was the Prelude LNG Project–the first approval in Australia of floating LNG technology. Major environmental incidents in 2009 (Montara in Australia and Macondo in the USA) continued to have repercussions in 2010 with the draft government response to the Report of the Montara Commission of Inquiry released in November. These incidents have put the oil and gas industry under the spotlight and this paper looks at some of the statistics on the frequency and severity of environmental incidents, albeit at a high level. Finally, the industry has continued to implement a number of environmentally related initiatives both in response to government policy and suggestion and independently through groups such as the APPEA environment committee.

scholarly journals Strangers in our midst: Immigration, social capital and segmented conflict

2021 ◽  
pp. 174889582098622
Author(s):  
Clare E Griffiths
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Social Interaction ◽  
Low Income ◽  
North West ◽  
The North ◽  
Status Inconsistency ◽  
Positive Social Interaction ◽  
Complex Forms ◽  
Complex Features ◽  
High Level

Putnam famously stated in his ‘hunkering down’ thesis that residents of diverse communities experiencing immigration retreat into their homes inhibiting the production of ‘social capital’. Immigration is therefore often posited to disrupt communities and positive social interaction, ultimately increasing tension and conflict between groups. Moving beyond Putnam’s simplistic account that immigration inevitably disrupts social capital, this article aims to instead show the complex features of civility and conflict that can co-exist among migrant and local communities. The research was based in a small working-class town in the North West of England that experienced the migration of Polish workers. Using a mixture of quantitative and qualitative methods, the key results show how new Polish migrants in particular demonstrate complex forms of social interaction displaying in-group hostility but out-group civility. Lenski’s notion of ‘status inconsistency’ is used to help explain why migrants with a high level of education but a low income are particularly mistrustful and intolerant of others.

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