scholarly journals MORPHOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT OF FALL IRRIGATED MAIZE INTERCROPPED WITH TROPICAL FORAGES

Irriga ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 512-529
Author(s):  
Francisco Cézar Belchor Lages Pereira ◽  
Luiz Malcolm Mano de Mello ◽  
Cristiano Magalhães Pariz ◽  
Veridiana Zocoler de Mendonça ◽  
Élcio Hiroyoshi Yano ◽  
...  

MORPHOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT OF FALL IRRIGATED MAIZE INTERCROPPED WITH TROPICAL FORAGES  FRANCISCO CÉZAR BELCHOR LAGES PEREIRA1; LUIZ MALCOLM MANO DE MELLO2; CRISTIANO MAGALHÃES PARIZ3; VERIDIANA ZOCOLER DE MENDONÇA4; ÉLCIO HIROYOSHI YANO2; ELKA ELICE VASCO DE MIRANDA5; CARLOS ALEXANDRE COSTA CRUSCIOL6 E JORGE MARTINELLI MARTELLO7 1 Engenheiro Agrônomo. Mestre em Agronomia na Especialidade de Sistemas de Produção. Faculdade de Engenharia (FE/UNESP – Campus de Ilha Solteira). Avenida Brasil 56, Centro, Caixa Postal 31, CEP: 15.385-000, Ilha Solteira, SP - Brasil. E-mail: [email protected] Engenheiro Agrônomo. Professor do Departamento de Fitossanidade, Engenharia Rural e Solos. Faculdade de Engenharia (FE/UNESP – Campus de Ilha Solteira). Avenida Brasil 56, Centro, Caixa Postal 31, CEP: 15.385-000, Ilha Solteira, SP - Brasil. E-mail: [email protected]; [email protected] Zootecnista. Pós-Doutorando em Zootecnia na Especialidade de Avaliação, Produção e Conservação de Forragens. Departamento de Melhoramento e Nutrição Animal. Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia (FMVZ/UNESP – Campus de Botucatu).  Distrito de Rubião Júnior, s/n, Caixa Postal 560, CEP: 18.618-970, Botucatu, SP - Brasil. E-mail: [email protected] Engenheira Agrônoma. Doutoranda em Agronomia na Especialidade de Energia na Agricultura. Departamento de Horticultura. Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas (FCA/UNESP – Campus de Botucatu).  Rua José Barbosa de Barros, 1.780, CEP: 18.610-307, Botucatu, SP - Brasil. E-mail: [email protected] Engenheira Agrônoma. Professora da Universidade Estadual do Mato Grosso do Sul (UEMS) – Campus de Glória de Dourados. Cidade Universitária de Dourados, Caixa Postal 351, Jardim América, CEP: 79.804-970, Dourados, MS - Brasil. E-mail: [email protected] Engenheiro Agrônomo. Professor do Departamento de Produção e Melhoramento Vegetal. Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas (FCA/UNESP – Campus de Botucatu). Rua José Barbosa de Barros, 1780, Fazenda Lageado, CEP: 18.610-307, Botucatu, SP - Brasil. E-mail: [email protected] Engenheiro Agrônomo. Doutorando em Agronomia na Especialidade de Energia na Agricultura. Departamento de Produção e Melhoramento Vegetal. Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas (FCA/UNESP – Campus de Botucatu).  Rua José Barbosa de Barros, 1.780, CEP: 18.610-307, Botucatu, SP - Brasil. E-mail: [email protected].  1 ABSTRACT Fall irrigated maize intercropped with tropical forages can raise the amount of crop residues and relative nitrogen yield and improve land use efficiency without decreasing grain yield. The aim was to evaluate the effect of modalities of fall-irrigated maize (Zea mays L.) intercropped with tropical forages on the components of production, grain, straw and relative nitrogen yield, competitive factors in the intercrop and land use efficiency, in no-till (NT) system in the lowland Brazilian Cerrado. A randomized complete block experimental design was used in a 4×3+1 factorial arrangement with one control treatment, constituting 13 treatments, with four replications (n=4). The treatments comprised four tropical forages intercropped with maize: palisade grass (Urochloa brizantha cv. Marandu), congo grass (Urochloa ruziziensis), and the guinea grass cultivars Tanzânia and Áries (Panicum maximum cv. Tanzânia and Áries); three intercropping modalities: forage sown simultaneously in the maize rows, mixed with fertilizer; forage sown (broadcast) on the same day as maize sowing; and forage sown, mixed with top-dressed fertilizer, at the V4 stage of maize; and one control treatment (maize monoculture). Regardless of the type of tropical forage and intercropping modality, intercropping exhibited minimum competition between crops and did not interfere on the yield components and grain yield of fall-irrigated maize. In addition, it increased the amount of straw, and improved land use efficiency and relative nitrogen yield in comparison to mono-cropped maize. The best options were congo grass sown simultaneously in the maize rows and guinea grass cv. Tanzânia and guinea grass cv. Áries sown broadcast on total area, as they raised the shoot dry matter of maize and forage and land equivalent ratio. Congo grass sown simultaneously in the maize rows also raised the relative nitrogen yield. Keywords: lowland Brazilian Cerrado, Panicum, Urochloa, Zea Mays L.PEREIRA, F. C. L. B.; MELLO, L. M. M.; PARIZ, C. M.; MENDONÇA, V. Z.; YANO, E. H.; MIRANDA, E. E. V.; CRUSCIOL, C. A. C.; MARTELLO, J. M.AVALIAÇÃO MORFOLÓGICA DO CONSÓRCIO DE MILHO OUTONAL IRRIGADO COM FORRAGEIRAS TROPICAIS  2 RESUMO O consórcio de milho outonal irrigado com forrageiras tropicais, pode elevar a quantidade de palhada e a produtividade relativa de nitrogênio, além de melhorar a eficiência de uso da terra, sem reduzir a produtividade de grãos. Objetivou-se avaliar o efeito de modalidades de implantação do consórcio de milho outonal irrigado com forrageiras tropicais sobre os componentes da produção, a produtividade relativa de nitrogênio, grãos e palhada, os fatoresde competição no consórcio e a eficiência de uso da terra, sob sistema plantio direto no Cerrado de baixa altitude. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos casualizados em esquema fatorial (4×3+1) com uma testemunha, constituindo 13 tratamentos com quatro repetições. Os tratamentos foram constituídos por quatro forrageiras: capim-marandu, capim-ruziziensis, capim-tanzânia e capim-áries; e três modalidades de consórcio das forrageiras com o milho: forrageira semeada simultaneamente na linha de semeadura, misturada com o adubo; forrageira semeada simultaneamente a lanço em área total no mesmo dia da semeadura do milho; e forrageira semeada a lanço misturada ao adubo de cobertura no estádio V4 do milho; e uma testemunha constituída pelo cultivo exclusivo do milho. Independente da forrageira e da modalidade de semeadura, o consórcio proporcionou mínima competição entre as culturas e não interfere nos componentes da produção e na produtividade de grãos de milho outonal irrigado, além de elevar a quantidade de palhada, melhorar a eficiência de uso da terra e a produtividade relativa de nitrogênio, em relação ao cultivo exclusivo do milho. Palavras-chave: Cerrado de baixa altitude, Panicum, Urochloa, Zea Mays L.

2006 ◽  
Vol 98 (4) ◽  
pp. 1030-1040 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony R. Szumigalski ◽  
Rene C. Van Acker

2017 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 54-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristiano Magalhães Pariz ◽  
Ciniro Costa ◽  
Carlos Alexandre Costa Crusciol ◽  
Paulo Roberto de Lima Meirelles ◽  
André Michel de Castilhos ◽  
...  

Abstract: The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of intercropping systems between corn and tropical forages, at different cutting heights, on silage production, light interception, land use efficiency, intercropping competition factors, and pasture production. In the 2010/2011 and 2011/2012 crop seasons, two cultivation modalities were evaluated in the summer/autumn - monocropped corn with residual regrowth of signal grass (Urochloa decumbens) from the soil seed bank and corn intercropped with palisade grass (U. brizantha 'Marandu') -, in a factorial arrangement with two cutting heights for silage production - 0.20 and 0.45 m. After corn silage harvest, the forages were grazed by lambs in a semi-feedlot system, in the winter/spring. Monocropped corn and 0.45-m cutting height both reduced dry matter yield for silage. Corn intercropped with palisade grass improved land use efficiency from 13 to 31% compared with monocropped crop, with land equivalent ratio greater than 1. Palisade grass showed higher light interception than signal grass over the intercrop period with corn and provided greater forage yield for lambs to graze during winter/spring. Corn intercropped with palisade grass, compared with monocropped corn, especially at the cutting height of 0.45 m, is a viable option for improving silage and pasture production, as well as land use efficiency in the integrated crop-livestock system.


Land ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 715
Author(s):  
Yingkai Tang ◽  
Kun Wang ◽  
Xuanming Ji ◽  
He Xu ◽  
Yangqing Xiao

Rapid urbanization has provided a strong impetus for the economic growth of China, but it has also caused many problems such as inefficient urban land use and environmental pollution. With the popularization of the concept of green and sustainable development, the Environmental-Social-Governance (ESG) assessment concept is widely accepted. The government and residents are paying more and more attention to environmental issues in urban development, and environmental protection has formed an important part of urban development. In this context, this study takes 26 cities in the Yangtze River Delta as examples to build an evaluation system for urban land-use efficiency under green development orientation. The evaluation system takes into account the inputs of land, capital, labor, and energy factors in the process of urban development. Based on emphasizing economic output, the social benefits and undesired outputs brought about by urban development are taken into account. This paper measures urban land use efficiency by the super-efficiency SBM model, and on this basis, analyses the spatial-temporal evolution characteristics of urban land-use efficiency. Further, this paper measures urban land use efficiency without considering undesired outputs and compares the two evaluation methods. Again, the comparison illustrates the rationality of urban land use efficiency evaluation system under green development orientation.


Land ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 303
Author(s):  
Xinhai Lu ◽  
Yifeng Tang ◽  
Shangan Ke

The construction and operation of high-speed rail (HSR) has become an important policy for China to achieve efficiency and fairness and promote high-quality economic growth. HSR promotes the flow of production factors such as labor and capital and affects economic growth, and may further affect urban land use efficiency (ULUE). To explore the impact of HSR on ULUE, this paper uses panel data of 284 cities in China from 2005 to 2018, and constructs Propensity Score Matching-Differences in Differences model to evaluate the effect of HSR on ULUE. The result of entire China demonstrates that the HSR could significantly improves the ULUE. Meanwhile, this paper also considers the heterogeneity of results caused by geographic location, urban levels and scales. It demonstrates that the HSR has a significantly positive effect on ULUE of Eastern, Central China, and large-sized cities. However, in Western China, in medium-sized, and small-sized cities, the impact of HSR on ULUE is not significant. This paper concludes that construction and operation of HSR should be linked to urban development planning and land use planning. Meanwhile, the cities with different geographical locations and scales should take advantage of HSR to improve ULUE and promote urban coordinated development.


Land ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 657
Author(s):  
Aiping Wang ◽  
Weifen Lin ◽  
Bei Liu ◽  
Hui Wang ◽  
Hong Xu

Frontier research primarily focuses on the effect of urban development models on land use efficiency, while ignoring the effect of new-type urban development on the green land use efficiency. Accordingly, this paper employs a super efficiency slacks-based measure (super-SBM) model with undesirable outputs to measure the green land use efficiency based on panel data from 152 prefecture-level cities for the period 2004–2017. We construct a difference-in-differences (DID) model in this paper to test the impact of smart city construction on the green utilization efficiency of urban land and its transmission mechanism. The results showed that: (1) The smart city construction significantly improved the green utilization efficiency of urban land, increasing the general efficiency by 15%. (2) There is significant city-size heterogeneity in the effect of smart city construction on improving green utilization efficiency of urban land. The policy effect is more obvious in mega cities and above than in very-large-sized cities. (3) The city-feature heterogeneity results reveal that, in cities with a higher level of human capital, financial development, and information infrastructure, the effectiveness of smart city construction in improving the green utilization efficiency of urban land are more obvious, and in cities with a higher level of financial development, the effects of the urban policy were more optimal. (4) The smart city construction promotes the green utilization efficiency of urban land through by the information industry development and the regional innovation capabilities.


Complexity ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Chen ◽  
Rui He ◽  
Qun Wu

With the rapid and unbalanced development of industry, a large amount of cultivated land is converted into industrial land with lower efficiency. The existing research is extensively concerned with industrial land use and industrial development in isolation, but little attention has been paid to the relationship between them. To help address this gap, the paper creates a new efficiency measure method for industrial land use combining Subvector Data Envelope Analysis (DEA) with spatial analysis approach. The proposed model has been verified by using the industrial land use data of 30 Chinese provinces from 2001 to 2013. The spatial autocorrelation relationship between industrial development and industrial land use efficiency is explored. Furthermore, this paper examines the effects of industrial development on industrial land use efficiency by spatial panel data model. The results indicate that the industrial land use efficiency and the industrial development level in the provinces of eastern region are higher than those of the western region. The spatial distribution of industrial land use efficiency shows remarkable positive spatial autocorrelation. However, the level of industrial development has obvious negative spatial autocorrelation since 2009. The improvement of industrial development has a significant positive impact on the industrial land use efficiency.


2015 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 747-758 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hannah H. E. van Zanten ◽  
Herman Mollenhorst ◽  
Cindy W. Klootwijk ◽  
Corina E. van Middelaar ◽  
Imke J. M. de Boer

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