scholarly journals IRRIGAÇÃO POR GOTEJAMENTO SUBSUPERFICIAL E FERTIRRIGAÇÃO DA CULTURA BRÓCOLIS

Irriga ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 383-397
Author(s):  
Karoline Maso dos Reis ◽  
Luiz Fabiano Palaretti ◽  
Antônio Carlos Barreto ◽  
José Renato Zanini

IRRIGAÇÃO POR GOTEJAMENTO SUBSUPERFICIAL E FERTIRRIGAÇÃO DA CULTURA BRÓCOLIS*     KAROLINE MASO DOS REIS1; LUIZ FABIANO PALARETTI2; ANTÔNIO CARLOS BARRETO1 E JOSÉ RENATO ZANINI2   *Artigo extraído da tese da primeira autora 1 Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Triângulo Mineiro, Rua João Batista Ribeiro, 4000 Distrito Industrial II 38064-790, Uberaba, Minas Gerais, Brasil. E-mails: [email protected]; [email protected]. 2Departamento de Engenharia Rural, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias (FCAV), Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 14884-900, Jaboticabal, SP, Brasil. E-mail: [email protected];  [email protected].     1 RESUMO   A irrigação eleva a produtividade e protege os cultivos da sazonalidade das chuvas, porém, sua aplicação deve estar embasada em critérios técnicos e operacionais. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o desempenho hidráulico de tubo gotejadores e o desenvolvimento da cultura brócolis submetida à irrigação por gotejamento em superfície e subsuperfície, com e sem fertirrigação. O experimento foi montado no esquema fatorial 3x2 em blocos casualizados (DBC), com quantro repetições. Os tratamentos foram constituídos da posição do tubo gotejador nas profundidades 0,00; 0,10 e 0,20 m; e a aplicação de fertilizantes, que foi realizada via fertirrigação e adubação manual. Em relação ao tubo gotejador, avaliou-se: vazão, coeficiente de variação de vazão (CVq), coeficiente de uniformidade de Christiansen (CUC), coeficiente de uniformidade de distribuição (CUD) e grau de entupimento (GE); em relação à resposta da cultura avaliou-se: diâmetro do pedúnculo floral, diâmetro da inflorescência, diâmetro perpendicular da inflorescência, altura da inflorescência, massa fresca da inflorescência, dias do transplante até a colheita e a produtividade da água. Não foram observadas alterações significativas nas características avaliadas do tubo gotejador e na produção da cultura brócolis quanto à profundidade do tubo e a forma de aplicação dos fertilizantes.   Palavras-chave: Brassica oleracea var. itálica, irrigação localizada, produtividade da água     REIS, K. M.; PALARETTI , L. F.; BARRETO, A. C.; ZANINI, J. R. IRRIGATION AND FERTIGATION FOR SUBSUPERFICIAL AND SUPERFICIAL DRIP IN BROCCOLI CROP     2 ABSTRACT   The use of irrigation increases yields and protects crops from the seasonality of precipitation; however, its application must be based on technical and operational criteria. This work aimed to evaluate the hydraulic performance of drip emitters and the development of the broccoli crop submitted to drip irrigation on surface and subsurface, with and without fertigation. The experiment was designed in randomized blocks (RBD), with four replications. The treatments were constituted of the positions of drip emitter at depths of 0.00; 0.10 and 0.20 m; and the application of fertilizers, that was made by fertigation and manual fertilizing. In relation to drip emitter, flow, flow variation coefficient (Cv), Christiansen uniformity coefficient (CU), distribution uniformity coefficient (DU) and degree of clogging of the emitter (Ec) were evaluated; regarding the crop response, the diameter of the flower stalk, the diameter of the inflorescence, the diameter of the inflorescence (perpendicular), height of the inflorescence, fresh mass of the inflorescence, days of transplantation until harvest and water productivity was analyzed. There were no significant changes in the characteristics evaluated of the drip emitter and in the production of broccoli crop in terms of the depth of the emitter and the way of application of the fertilizers.   Keywords: Brassica oleracea var. itálica, localized irrigation, water productivity

2021 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 287-298
Author(s):  
Ruixiu Sui ◽  
Jonnie Baggard

HighlightsWe developed and evaluated a variable-rate irrigation (VRI) management method for five crop years in the Mississippi Delta.VRI management significantly reduced irrigation water use in comparison with uniform-rate irrigation (URI). There was no significant difference in grain yield and irrigation water productivity between VRI and URI management.Soil apparent electrical conductivity (ECa) was used to delineate irrigation management zones and generate VRI prescriptions.Sensor-measured soil water content was used in irrigation scheduling.Abstract. Variable-rate irrigation (VRI) allows producers to site-specifically apply irrigation water at variable rates within a field to account for the temporal and spatial variability in soil and plant characteristics. Developing practical VRI methods and documenting the benefits of VRI application are critical to accelerate the adoption of VRI technologies. Using apparent soil electrical conductivity (ECa) and soil moisture sensors, a VRI method was developed and evaluated with corn and soybean for five crop years in the Mississippi Delta. Soil ECa of the study fields was mapped and used to delineate VRI management zones and create VRI prescriptions. Irrigation was scheduled using soil volumetric water content measured by soil moisture sensors. A center pivot VRI system was employed to deliver irrigation water according to the VRI prescription. Grain yield, irrigation water use, and irrigation water productivity in the VRI treatment were determined and compared with that in a uniform-rate irrigation (URI) treatment. Results showed that the grain yield and irrigation water productivity between the VRI and URI treatments were not statistically different with both corn and soybean crops. The VRI management significantly reduced the amount of irrigation water by 22% in corn and by 11% in soybean (p = 0.05). Adoption of VRI management could improve irrigation water use efficiency in the Mississippi Delta. Keywords: Soil electrical conductivity, Soil moisture sensor, Variable rate irrigation, Water management.


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