scholarly journals Prolonged Cold Storage Affects Pollen Viability and Germination along with Hydrogen Peroxide and Nitric Oxide Content in Rosa hybrida

2016 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anca MACOVEI ◽  
Matteo CASER ◽  
Mattia DONÀ ◽  
Alberto VALASSI ◽  
Annalisa GIOVANNINI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Pollen Viability ◽  
Storage Period ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Rosa Hybrida ◽  
Tube Growth ◽  
Oxide Content ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Wide Range

Roses (Rosa hybrida) are the most important ornamental cut-flowers and breeders’ main focus is to develop new desirable modern cultivars. Rose breeding programs center on the introduction of new flower colors, thornless stems, higher production and good post-harvest performance. The study of the main pollen traits, such as pollen quantity and quality, viability, longevity, morphological homogeneity, germination and tube growth, is important for building suitable breeding programs. Recently, a number of studies have shown that reactive oxygen species, like hydrogen peroxide, and nitric oxide, are involved in a wide range of signaling processes including pollen tube growth and pollen-pistil recognition. Pollen viability after anther dehiscence is crucial for successful crossbreeding. In the present work, pollen grains from 5 hybrid tea rose cultivars were stored at -20 °C up to 12 months. Pollen viability and germination rate was monitored in order to provide useful information about pollen storage length. Additionally, pollen grains were tested for their content in hydrogen peroxide and nitric oxide by using a novel approach where the fluorescence is read in a quantitative RealTime PCR (qRT-PCR) machine. Pollen viability and in vitro pollen germination capacity varied among the rose genotypes, while a progressive decrease was evidenced during 12 months of storage at low temperature. Both hydrogen peroxide and nitric oxide production were found to be genotype-dependent, whilst accumulation of the two molecules was observed during the storage period. A putative detrimental effect of these molecules during pollen conservation is hypothesized.

scholarly journals Prolonged Cold Storage Affects Pollen Viability and Germination along with Hydrogen Peroxide and Nitric Oxide Content in Rosa hybrida

2016 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anca MACOVEI ◽  
Matteo CASER ◽  
Mattia DONÀ ◽  
Alberto VALASSI ◽  
Annalisa GIOVANNINI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Cold Storage ◽  
Pollen Viability ◽  
Rosa Hybrida ◽  
Oxide Content

scholarly journals Reproductive barriers in cassava: Factors and implications for genetic improvement

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (11) ◽  
pp. e0260576
Author(s):  
Massaine Bandeira e Sousa ◽  
Luciano Rogerio Braatz de Andrade ◽  
Everton Hilo de Souza ◽  
Alfredo Augusto Cunha Alves ◽  
Eder Jorge de Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
Population Structure ◽  
Pollen Tube ◽  
Pollen Tube Growth ◽  
Pollen Viability ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Tube Growth ◽  
Reproductive Barriers ◽  
Fertilization Rates ◽  
Flower Abortion ◽  
Hand Pollination

Cassava breeding is hampered by high flower abortion rates that prevent efficient recombination among promising clones. To better understand the factors causing flower abortion and propose strategies to overcome them, we 1) analyzed the reproductive barriers to intraspecific crossing, 2) evaluated pollen-pistil interactions to maximize hand pollination efficiency, and 3) identified the population structure of elite parental clones. From 2016 to 2018, the abortion and fertilization rates of 5,748 hand crossings involving 91 parents and 157 progenies were estimated. We used 16,300 single nucleotide polymorphism markers to study the parents’ population structure via discriminant analysis of principal components, and three clusters were identified. To test for male and female effects, we used a mixed model in which the environment (month and year) was fixed, while female and male (nested to female) were random effects. Regardless of the population structure, significant parental effects were identified for abortion and fertilization rates, suggesting the existence of reproductive barriers among certain cassava clones. Matching ability between cassava parents was significant for pollen grains that adhered to the stigma surface, germinated pollen grains, and the number of fertilized ovules. Non-additive genetic effects were important to the inheritance of these traits. Pollen viability and pollen-pistil interactions in cross- and self-pollination were also investigated to characterize pollen-stigma compatibility. Various events related to pollen tube growth dynamics indicated fertilization abnormalities. These abnormalities included the reticulated deposition of callose in the pollen tube, pollen tube growth cessation in a specific region of the stylet, and low pollen grain germination rate. Generally, pollen viability and stigma receptivity varied depending on the clone and flowering stage and were lost during flowering. This study provides novel insights into cassava reproduction that can assist in practical crossing and maximize the recombination of contrasting clones.

scholarly journals Morphology and pollen viability of Lolium multiflorum Lam.

2012 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 180-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renata de Castro Nunes ◽  
Fernanda de Oliveira Bustamante ◽  
Vânia Helena Techio ◽  
Andréa Mittelmann
Keyword(s):  
Lolium Multiflorum ◽  
Pollen Viability ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Polar Axis ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Ploidy Levels ◽  
Equatorial Diameter ◽  
Breeding Populations

Study and characterization of pollen grains are essential for different areas, especially taxonomy, genetic improvement, phylogeny, and paleobotany. As yet, there are no reports on pollen morphology of genotypes of naturalized Lolium multiflorum Lam., introduced cultivars or breeding populations, diploid or polyploid. Ten genotypes of annual ryegrass (L. multiflorum) were evaluated for the viability of pollen grains using propionic carmine and Alexander's stains, while morphology was assessed by the acetolysis technique. Measures of polar axis (P), equatorial diameter (E), exine thickness, and analysis of pollen grains were obtained by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). All genotypes showed high rate of pollen viability (> 89%) for both stains. There were differences between genotypes in the following quantitative traits: polar axis, equatorial diameter, exine, endexine, ektexine, and P/E ratio. Pollen grains were characterized as small, monoporates, with circular and non-prominent apertures. In addition to helping distinction of pollen grains, morphometric differences can be used later to compare ploidy levels, thus assisting in breeding programs of the species.

scholarly journals Pollen Germination Potential Influences by Carbohydrates and Proteins in Pollen Grains of Asian Pear

HortScience ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 762A-762
Author(s):  
Wol-Soo Kim* ◽  
Sang-Hyun Lee
Keyword(s):  
Pollen Tube ◽  
Pollen Tube Growth ◽  
Pollen Germination ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Pollen Viability ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Tube Growth ◽  
Con A ◽  
Asian Pear ◽  
Pollen Surface

In order to investigate the cause of differences of mature pollen in Asian pear (Pyrus phyfolia) that are collected from various sources for the artificial pollination, various factors were measured as below: the composition of nonstructural carbohydrate in bud at 30 days after full bloom, the contents of crude protein in skin, cytosol and membrane, and the affinity for lectin (CON-A: Concanavalin, type III A) of glycoprotein in cytosol of pollen were measured. Contents of sucrose and glucose in buds influenced pollen germination rate and pollen tube growth, respectively. Therefore, soluble types of carbohydrates stored in bud were regarded as influencing on pollen germination rate and pollen tube growth. Pollen, which showed low activity, had low affinity on CON-A, lectin of glycoprotein, because it had fragile membrane, proteins in cells were denatured to pollen surface and certain enzymes concerned in pollen germination lost stability and activity. Pollens that showed high activity contained 92 kDa protein while others not. This was assumed as influencing on control of pollen viability.

scholarly journals Genetic stability in interspecific hybridizations of wheat populations determined by meiotic index and pollen viability

Biotemas ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Patrícia Frizon ◽  
Sandra Patussi Brammer ◽  
Carolina Cardoso Deuner ◽  
Amanda Chechi ◽  
Maria Imaculada Pontes Moreira Lima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Stability ◽  
Pollen Viability ◽  
Genetic Resistance ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
Pollen Grain ◽  
Synthetic Wheat ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Carnoy’S Solution ◽  
Pollen Grain Size

The objective of this study was to evaluate genetic stability by determining the meiotic index (MI) and pollen viability in F1RC2 segregating populations, obtained by the crosses between wheat commercial cultivars and synthetic wheat, aimed at introgression/genetic resistance. For MI, three ears were collected per genotype, before anthesis, and they were fixed in Carnoy’s solution. The cytological slides were prepared by crushing the anthers and staining with 1% acetocarmine, and the normal tetrads and the ones with micronuclei were observed under a light microscope. For pollen viability, the ears were collected at the stage of mature pollen grain. The methodological procedure was similar to that of the tetrads, evaluating the pollen grains as viable, with little starch, with two pores, different sizes and non-viable. The pollen grain size was measured by the Axion Vision software. All the segregating populations with MI above 90% and high pollen viability (above 85%) reflected a stable meiotic behavior. About the variation in size, the CIGM90.909/BRS 179 cross showed pollen grains with 58.43 μm and CIGM93.298/BRS Guamirim, 47.15 μm. According to the results, wheat segregating populations were considered meiotically stable and suitable for use in wheat breeding programs and for incorporation of new important genes.

scholarly journals Flavonols control pollen tube growth and integrity by regulating ROS homeostasis during high-temperature stress

2018 ◽  
Vol 115 (47) ◽  
pp. E11188-E11197 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joëlle K. Muhlemann ◽  
Trenton L. B. Younts ◽  
Gloria K. Muday
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Pollen Tube ◽  
Pollen Tube Growth ◽  
Pollen Viability ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
High Temperature Stress ◽  
Tube Growth ◽  
Antioxidant Treatment ◽  
Ros Homeostasis ◽  
Ros Accumulation

Plant reproduction requires long-distance growth of a pollen tube to fertilize the female gametophyte. Prior reports suggested that mutations altering synthesis of flavonoids, plant specialized metabolites that include flavonols and anthocyanins, impair pollen development in several species, but the mechanism by which flavonols enhanced fertility was not defined. Here, we used genetic approaches to demonstrate that flavonols enhanced pollen development by reducing the abundance of reactive oxygen species (ROS). We further showed that flavonols reduced high-temperature stress-induced ROS accumulation and inhibition of pollen tube growth. The anthocyanin reduced (are) tomato mutant had reduced flavonol accumulation in pollen grains and tubes. This mutant produced fewer pollen grains and had impaired pollen viability, germination, tube growth, and tube integrity, resulting in reduced seed set. Consistent with flavonols acting as ROS scavengers, are had elevated levels of ROS. The pollen viability, tube growth and integrity defects, and ROS accumulation in are were reversed by genetic complementation. Inhibition of ROS synthesis or scavenging of excess ROS with an exogenous antioxidant treatment also reversed the are phenotypes, indicating that flavonols function by reducing ROS levels. Heat stress resulted in increased ROS in pollen tubes and inhibited tube growth, with more pronounced effects in the are mutant that could be rescued by antioxidant treatment. These results are consistent with increased ROS inhibiting pollen tube growth and with flavonols preventing ROS from reaching damaging levels. These results reveal that flavonol metabolites regulate plant sexual reproduction at both normal and elevated temperatures by maintaining ROS homeostasis.

scholarly journals (234) Aesculus Pollen Viability and Longevity under Frozen Storage

HortScience ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 1020C-1020
Author(s):  
Ann M. Chanon ◽  
Pablo S. Jourdan ◽  
Joseph C. Scheerens
Keyword(s):  
Pollen Germination ◽  
Pollen Viability ◽  
Frozen Storage ◽  
Storage Period ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Pollen Storage ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Fresh Pollen

The genus Aesculus (buckeyes and/or horsechestnuts) is composed of 13 species and a number of interspecific hybrids. Pollen from 11 genotypes from five Aesculus species and the hybrid Aesculus ×carnea were used to develop an in-vitro germination test to evaluate pollen viability under various storage treatments. This test was optimized using samples of both fresh pollen and pollen that had been stored up to 1 year. The most effective medium contained 20% sucrose, 100 mg·L-1 H2BO3, 150 mg·L-1 Ca(NO3)2, and 1% agar. The highest germination percentage was observed at 15 °C across all storage treatments. Fresh pollen germinated in excess of 80% over a wide range of germination temperatures. Based on this, all specimens studied would be good pollen parents. The differences in pollen germination between storage at -20 and -80 °C were nonsignificant, but the duration of the storage period was highly significant. At 3 months, viability remained above 60% for four of the six species/hybrid tested. However, at 12 months, all pollen tested dropped below the threshold for good fruit set based on in-vitro pollen germination. Based on these observations, short-term pollen storage may permit crosses between parents with temporally separate flowering phenologies. However, conventional storage procedures are inadequate to maintain pollen collected from a male parent for crosses in subsequent growing seasons.

scholarly journals PHENOTYPIC FEATURES OF CMS IN SEED-BEARING PLANTS OF RED BEET

2011 ◽  
pp. 18-23
Author(s):  
M.I. Fedorova ◽  
S.A. Vetrova ◽  
E.G. Kozar
Keyword(s):  
Pollen Tube ◽  
Pollen Tube Growth ◽  
Pollen Viability ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Tube Growth ◽  
Phenotypic Characteristics ◽  
Red Beet ◽  
Phenotypic Features ◽  
Pollen Diameter

Phenotypic characteristics defining the CMS in plants of red beet have been studied. The level of sterility varied from 5 to 100 %. Four groups of anthers were sorted out where each group distinguished by certain color, diameter, the number and size of pollen grains inside. The increase of sterility of plants provoked the decrease of pollen diameter, pollen viability in fertile flowers; along this the speed of pollen tube growth is reduced.

The Involvement of Nitric Oxide and Hydrogen Peroxide in eATP-Inhibited Pollen Germination and Tube Growth of Paulownia Tomentosa In Vitro

2011 ◽  
Vol 343-344 ◽  
pp. 347-350
Author(s):  
Yuan Hua Zhang ◽  
Xiao Ping She
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Pollen Germination ◽  
Tube Growth ◽  
Paulownia Tomentosa ◽  
In Vitro Pollen Germination ◽  
Nos Inhibitor

Role of nitric oxide(NO) and hydrogen peroxide(H2O2) in eATP-inhibited reduction of in vitro pollen germination and tube growth of Paulownia tomentosa Steud. were studied. Results showed that exposure of the pollen to a series of eATP (0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, 1.0 mM) concentration for 3h resulted in not only the reduction of pollen germination but also the reduction of tube growth. Also, NOS inhibitor NG-nitro-L-Arg-methyl eater (L-NAME ), NO scavenger 2-(4-carboxyphenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline-1-oxyl-3- oxide(c-PTIO) and two scavengers of H2O2, ascorbic acid (ASC) and catalase (CAT) not only largely prevented eATP-inhibited pollen germination but also tube growth. These results indicated that NO and H2O2are involved in eATP inhibited pollen germination and tube growth.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document