paulownia tomentosa
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2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eman Tawfik ◽  
Mohamed Ahmed

The utilization of chitosan nanoparticles is a novel technique for gene transformation into plant tissues. It takes a few minutes to transform gene to plant. UidA gene was detected in <i>Escherichia coli</i> (K12 strain) using polymerase chain reaction analysis by UidA-specific primers. The gene was transformed into the explants of two different plant species (<i>Solanum tuberosum</i> and <i>Paulownia tomentosa</i>). These plants have different natures as crop and woody plants respectively. Therefore, they have different abilities to express the UidA gene. The gene is expressed into blue color in plant tissues due to the formation and expression of the GUS enzyme. The transformation of the UidA gene was detected morphologically by the formation of blue color; and molecular using PCR. Chitosan nanoparticles were characterized by UV/Visible spectroscope and photographing with a transmission electron microscope (TEM). As a result of this research, it is suggested that chitosan nanoparticles be used in gene transformation into plant tissues. Because it is safe, quick, and inexpensive, as well as biocompatible and biodegradable.


2021 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 11-20
Author(s):  
Xiaolan Chen ◽  
Junjie Jin ◽  
Fuxing Hao ◽  
Haifeng Yang ◽  
Hongxiang Sun ◽  
...  

To investigate the immunomodulatory activity and explore the mechanism of Paulownia tomentosa flower polysaccharides (PTFP). PTFP was orally administrated to mice for seven successive days before and after Newcastle disease vaccination. The results demonstrated that compared with the vaccine control (VC) group, PTFP enhanced the inhibition of hemagglutination assay antibody titers, promoted the antigen-specific immunoglobulin (Ig)G, IgG1, IgG2a, and IgG2b antibodies responses, enhanced proliferation of spleen T and B lymphocytes, increased the secretions of interferon-γ and interleukin-10 cytokines of spleen lymphocytes, and promoted the activation of natural killer cells. Therefore, PTFP, as an effective immunopotentiator, could induce a mixed T-helper (Th)1 and Th2 immune responses and an innate immune response.


2021 ◽  
Vol 55 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 743-753
Author(s):  
JOSÉ DAVID SÁNCHEZ-MACHADO ◽  
ROGER MOYA

Paulownia tomentosa is utilized in Costa Rica and other countries for wood production and as feedstock for biomass, though the variation of wood properties for this species is scarcely known. In this work, the specific wood properties of a 5-year-old plantation in Costa Rica were studied. The results showed that bark and pith percentage and wood specific gravity (SG) increased with tree trunk height, while the proportion of heartwood, green wood density and green wood moisture content decreased. The average wood SG was 0.26 and tended to increase from pith to bark. Low wood SG values are related to low mechanical properties, with the advantage that wood shrinkage is low as well, which gives this wood species the potential to be utilized for reforestation purposes in Costa Rica. The gross calorific value of this species was 17809 kJ/kg, which, together with its cellulose and extractives contents, recommend P. tomentosa as a biomass source for energy production.


2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 71-75
Author(s):  
А. П. Іванюк ◽  
В. Я. Заячук ◽  
Т. І. Харачко ◽  
Т. В. Колодій ◽  
Б. М. М'якуш
Keyword(s):  

Досліджено фізичні властивості деревини павловнії повстистої Paulownia tomentosa(Thunb.) Steud., вирощеної шляхом плантаційного вирощування в умовах Західного Лісостепу України. Проаналізовано літературні дані з цієї тематики, на підставі яких можна стверджувати, що раніше аналогічні дослідження в Україні не проводили. З'ясовано, що за зовнішнім виглядом та текстурою деревина павловнії повстистої найбільше подібна до деревини ясена звичайного. Серед фізичних властивостей досліджено щільність деревини, відносну вологість, всихання та розбухання, пористість деревини. Визначено, що щільність деревини павловнії змінюється від 329-342 кг/м3 (заболонь, ядро) до 416 кг/м3 (серединна частинa). За показником щільності деревина павловнії подібна до деревини ялини європейської та ялиці білої. Однак тангентальне всихання для цих порід в середньому становить 7,6-7,8 %, а радіальне – 3,6-3,8 %, тоді як для павловнії тангентальне всихання становить 3,6 %, а радіальне – 2,4 %. Встановлено, що під час сушіння деревини павловнії повстистої вона значно менше змінюватиме лінійні розміри та об'єм, що зменшить прояв внутрішніх напружень у деревині та появу таких типових вад деревини, як тріщини усушки та покоробленості. Встановлено, що за умов, коли на деревину діє тільки волога, наявна у повітрі, вологість деревини павловнії збільшується тільки до значення 12,9 %. За умов повного занурення у воду деревина павловнії повстистої досягає істотного вологопоглинання – 51,9 %. Встановлено, що в разі повітряно-сухого режиму сушіння в сонячну суху погоду дрова-рубанці з деревини павловнії повстистої досягають оптимальної для їх спалювання вологості вже через 7-9 днів, а просушені попередньо в сушильній шафі – через 3-4 дні, тому її доцільно використовувати для виробництва дров паливних і пелет. Встановлено, що доцільно використовувати тільки серединну частину поперечного перетину стовбура між ядром та заболонню у виробах, які зазнають значних навантажень. Серединна частина деревини павловнії за деякими показниками наближається до деревини сосни звичайної, тому може мати широке використання у будівництві.


Fire ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 60
Author(s):  
Roger Williams ◽  
Haibin Wang

A wildfire occurred in Shawnee State Forest located in southern Ohio that consumed 1215 hectares. Based on earlier forest inventories it was known that paulownia (Paulownia tomentosa), a non-native invasive tree species, occurred in the forest. The objective of this study was to determine if paulownia heavily colonized areas two years after the fire where the burn occurred, and if its presence had a negative impact on the regeneration (<137 cm height) of native species—red and white oaks (Quercus sp.), red maple (Acer rubrum), and yellow-poplar (Liriodendron tulipifera). Two years after the fire, paulownia had invaded the burned areas but not at significantly higher densities than occurred in the unburned areas. Fire significantly reduced the number of regenerating stems of white oak and red maple two years after the fire, whereas the number of regenerating stems of red oak increased slightly and that of yellow-poplar increased significantly. In areas where paulownia occurred that experienced wildfire, all species studied displayed a reduction in the number of regenerating stems compared to paulownia’s absence in the burn areas. Where paulownia occurred in areas not affected by the wildfire, all the native species studied displayed a reduction in the number of regenerating stems. The average heights of red oak, white oak, and red maple were significantly taller when growing in areas affected by the wildfire due to a more open canopy. However, there was no significant change in the average heights of yellow-poplar. The presence of paulownia in both the burned and unburned areas reduced the number of regenerating stems of the native species studied.


Author(s):  
Eva Buranská ◽  
Peter Rantuch ◽  
Ivan Buranský ◽  
Alexandra Kucmanová

Abstract The main objective of this research was to analyse the limitations of iCT - industrial computer tomography for measuring the wood pores characteristics as a new non-destructive method which is primarily intended to measure and inspect complete components primarily made of plastics or light metal. The subject matter of this paper are wood samples of paulownia (Paulownia tomentosa) and ash (Fraxinus excelsior) before and after thermal treatment. Porosity, pore volume and distribution of pores on the wood samples before and after the heat treatment were measured by iCT Metrotom 1500. The total porosity of the samples before thermal treatment was 5.28 % (paulownia) and 14.90 % (ash), while after thermal treatment, porosity increased to 9.50 % (paulownia) and to 30.78 % (ash). Changes in the porosity of the samples before and after heat treatment show an increase in porosity of 3.87 % (paulownia) and 15.88 % (ash).


Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 1114
Author(s):  
Bruno Esteves ◽  
Helena Ferreira ◽  
Hélder Viana ◽  
José Ferreira ◽  
Idalina Domingos ◽  
...  

The introduction of new species in forest management must be undertaken with a degree of care, to help prevent the spread of invasive species. However, new species with higher profitability are needed to increase forest products value and the resilience of rural populations. Paulownia tomentosa has an extremely fast growth. The objective and novelty of this work was to study the potential use of young Paulownia trees grown in Portugal by using heat treatment to improve its properties, thereby allowing higher value applications of the wood. The average chemical composition of untreated and heat-treated wood was determined. The extractive content was determined by successive Soxhlet extraction with dichloromethane (DCM), ethanol and water as solvents. The composition of lipophilic extracts was performed by injection in GC-MS with mass detection. Insoluble and soluble lignin, holocellulose and α-cellulose were also determined. Physical (density and water absorption and dimensional stability) and mechanical properties (bending strength and bending stiffness) and termite resistance was also determined. Results showed that extractive content increased in all solvents, lignin and α-cellulose also increased and hemicelluloses decreased. Compounds derived from the thermal degradation of lignin were found in heat-treated wood extractions. Dimensional stability improved but there was a decrease in mechanical properties. Resistance against termites was better for untreated wood than for heat-treated wood, possibly due to the thermal degradation of some toxic extractives.


Author(s):  
Mohamad Hesam Shahrajabian ◽  
Wenli Sun ◽  
Qi Cheng

: In this mini-review article, we have mentioned the key roles of some of the most important herbal plants medicines containing flavonoids and phytochemicals with antiviral activities. All relevant information was searched for terms of influenza, phytochemicals, SARS, SARS-Cov-2, flavonoids, and traditional medicinal plants uses from reliable databases, such as PubMed, Science Direct, and Google Scholar. The most important medicinal herbs which contain flavonoids with antiviral activities are Limonium densiflorum, Oroxylum indicum, Tribulus terrestris L., Paulownia tomentosa Steud., Allophylus africanus, Houttuynia cordata, Moslea Herba, Mosla scabra, Scutellaria baicalensis, Berries, Genus Psoralea, Sophora tonkinensis, Trollius chinensis, Tilia cordata, Hippophae rhamnoides L. (Seabuckthorn), Paulownia tomentosa steud, and C. swietenia. Phytochemicals are chemicals of plant origin produced by plants through primary or secondary metabolism. The most important medicinal plants which contain phytochemicals with antiviral activities are Blue honeysuckle (Lonicera caerulea L.), Forsythia suspense, Ligustrum lucidum, Radix Paeoniae Alba (Bai Shao), Banlangen (Radix Isatidis), Lysiphyllum strychnifolium, Phellinus baumii, Mesona chinensis, Sanguinaria Canadensis, Dodonaea viscosa, Isatis indigotica, Pelargonium sidoides, Entada Africana Guill., Pomegranate (Punica granatum), Goldenseal (Hydrastis canadensis), Lychee fruit extract, Lycoris radiate, Cistus incanus, Chaenomeles sinensis Koehne (Chinese quince), Geranium sanguineum L., and Tea polyphenols. Natural products from traditional herbal medicines, especially traditional Chinese and Persian medicines, have been found to exert antiviral impacts against influenza and human coronaviruses. The natural plant-derived compounds that have been used for treating various diseases are flavonoids and phytochemicals.


BioResources ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 5574-5585
Author(s):  
Intan Fajar Suri ◽  
Jong Ho Kim ◽  
Byantara Darsan Purusatama ◽  
Go Un Yang ◽  
Denni Prasetia ◽  
...  

Color changes were tested and compared for heat-treated Paulownia tomentosa and Pinus koraiensis wood treated with hot oil or hot air for further utilization of these species. Hot oil and hot air treatments were conducted at 180, 200, and 220 °C for 1, 2, and 3 h. Heat-treated wood color changes were determined using the CIE-Lab color system. Weight changes of the wood before and after heat treatment were also determined. The weight of the oil heat-treated wood increased considerably but it decreased in air heat-treated wood. The oil heat-treated samples showed a greater decrease in lightness (L*) than air heat-treated samples. A significant change in L* was observed in Paulownia tomentosa. The red/green chromaticity (a*) of both wood samples increased at 180 and 200 °C and slightly decreased at 220 °C. The yellow/blue chromaticity (b*) in both wood samples increased at 180 °C, but it rapidly decreased with increasing treatment durations at 200 and 220 °C. The overall color change (ΔE*) in both heat treatments increased with increasing temperature, being higher in Paulownia tomentosa than in Pinus koraiensis. In conclusion, oil heat treatment reduced treatment duration and was a more effective method than air heat treatment in improving wood color.


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