scholarly journals Comparative foliar epidermal morphology of Isolona Engl. (Annonaceae)

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 637-645
Author(s):  
Sunday A. ADENIRAN ◽  
Akeem B. KADIRI ◽  
JAMES D. OLOWOKUDEJO
Keyword(s):  
Epidermal Cell ◽  
Light Microscope ◽  
Glandular Trichome ◽  
Anticlinal Wall ◽  
Effective Utilization ◽  
Cell Shapes ◽  
Herbal Medicinal ◽  
Generic Constant ◽  
Epidermal Morphology

A qualitative micromorphological assessment of the seven species of Isolona occurring in Nigeria and the Cameroons was undertaken with the aid of light microscope. The stomatal cells are particularly useful, providing stable characters which can be reliably employed in distinguishing the species. Hypostomatic leaves and paracytic stomatal type are generic constant. Possession of only paracytic stomata is characteristic of I. dewevrei whereas other species may have in addition another type such as 1+2 laterocytic stomatal type found only in I. zenkeri and presence of brachyparacytic stomata which shows relatedness of I. campanulata, I. congolana, I. hexaloba, I. pleurocarpus and I. thonneri. The epidermal surfaces appeared glabrous but an indication of hairs is shown by the presence of a glandular trichome base only in I. hexaloba. The epidermal cell characters such as epidermal cell shapes and anticlinal wall patterns seem to intergrade and they are not as definite as the stomatal cells. However, a combination of these features will be helpful in defining the species better and their leaf fragments can be differentiated based on the various characters studied for effective utilization in herbal medicinal research.

scholarly journals Anatomical Studies of the Foliar Epidermis and Petiole of some Lannea Species in Jos, Plateau State, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
pp. 41-55
Author(s):  
Ogochukwu E. Okanume ◽  
Lynda C. Ebelebe ◽  
O. A. Oso
Keyword(s):  
Species Identification ◽  
Light Microscope ◽  
Cell Shape ◽  
Plant Science ◽  
Vascular Bundles ◽  
Anticlinal Wall ◽  
Anatomical Studies ◽  
Plateau State ◽  
Epidermal Morphology ◽  
Distinguishing Character

Aims: Leaf epidermal morphology and petiole anatomy of seven Lannea species namely; Lannea velutina, Lannea kerstingii, Lannea egregia, Lannea schimperii, Lannea acida, Lannea microcarpa, and Lannea edulis in Nigeria were investigated to provide new taxonomic characters that could help in proper identification and delimitation of the taxa. Place and Duration of Study: The study was carried out in the Department of Plant Science and Biotechnology, University of Jos, Nigeria between August 2020 and March 2021. Methodology: Transverse sections of petioles were cut using a rotary microtome and epidermal peels were made. Staining was done using Safranin and slides observed using a light microscope. Results: Stomatal distribution was hypostomatic except for L. velutina and L. edulis with amphistomatic distribution. Three stomata types are found; paracytic occurring in L. velutina, L. edulis and L. egregia, cyclocytic in L. schimperii and L. microcarpa and anomocytic in L. kerstingii and L. acida. Stomata index vary among taxa with L. egregia and L. acida having the highest (22.43%) and lowest (12.17%) respectively. The epidermal cell shape was polygonal in all the species and anticlinal wall patterns were straight to slightly curved. Unicellular/multicellular uniseriate trichomes were observed in L. schimperii, L. egregia and L. kerstingii distinguishing them from other species. Petiole outlines were circular to oval, epidermis was uniseriate and vascular bundles are collateral. Presence of continuous sclerenchyma rings surrounding the vascular bundles in L. kerstingii and L. microcarpa serve as a distinguishing character. Other distinguishing characters are presence of crystals, druses and phenolic idioblasts. A taxonomic key was produced using the anatomical character as an aid to the identification of the species. Conclusion: Variations observed in the stomata types, petiole outline, petiole vasculature type, trichome type and stomata index could be employed for species identification and delimitation.

scholarly journals Taxonomic significance of some leaf anatomical features of the species of Annona L. (annonaceae) from Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 101-112
Author(s):  
S.A. Adeniran ◽  
A.B. Kadiri ◽  
J.D. Olowokudejo
Keyword(s):  
Vascular Bundles ◽  
Taxonomic Significance ◽  
Anticlinal Wall ◽  
Abaxial Surface ◽  
Anatomical Features ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Dichotomous Key ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Generic Constant ◽  
Existing Data

A comparative study of the some leaf anatomical features of four species of Annona occurring in Nigerian was undertaken with the aid of light microscope. The four foliar structures (epidermis, petiole, midrib and lamina architecture) studied revealed useful characters which support recognition of the species. A combination of these features has been used to prepare an artificial indented dichotomous key for identifying the  species. The generic constant features encountered included hypostomata, paracytic stomatal type, linear nerves endings, uneven midrib outline, and centrally located vascular bundles in the petiole and midrib. However, the most reliable distinguishing characters found across the species included presence of brachyparacytic stomata in A. reticulata, presence of trichomes on the midrib in A. senegalensis, absence of druses on the abaxial surface in A. muricata and A. squamosa, a thick pitted anticlinal walls on the surfaces of A. muricata and consistent polygonal areola shape in A. squamosa. The overlapping characters which also justify the closeness of the species and their grouping in a genus were recorded in both the qualitative and quantitative features. Prominent among them are the mean stomatal width which is about 1.0 μm in all species, nerve endings within the areole which varies between 1-2, U- or V-shaped midrib on the adaxial surface and straight to curved anticlinal wall pattern. The significance of these observations is discussed in updating the existing data in the genus. Keywords: Epidermis, Microscopy, Midrib, Petiole,   Systematic

scholarly journals Metal-Nano-Ink Coating for Monitoring and Quantification of Cotyledon Epidermal Cell Morphogenesis

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kotomi Kikukawa ◽  
Kazuki Yoshimura ◽  
Akira Watanabe ◽  
Takumi Higaki
Keyword(s):  
Epidermal Cell ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Marker Gene ◽  
Time Lapse ◽  
Epidermal Cells ◽  
Jigsaw Puzzle ◽  
Cell Morphogenesis ◽  
Pavement Cells ◽  
Observation Area ◽  
Cell Shapes

During cotyledon growth, the pavement cells, which make up most of the epidermal layer, undergo dynamic morphological changes from simple to jigsaw puzzle-like shapes in most dicotyledonous plants. Morphological analysis of cell shapes generally involves the segmentation of cells from input images followed by the extraction of shape descriptors that can be used to assess cell shape. Traditionally, replica and fluorescent labeling methods have been used for time-lapse observation of cotyledon epidermal cell morphogenesis, but these methods require expensive microscopes and can be technically demanding. Here, we propose a silver-nano-ink coating method for time-lapse imaging and quantification of morphological changes in the epidermal cells of growing Arabidopsis thaliana cotyledons. To obtain high-resolution and wide-area cotyledon surface images, we placed the seedlings on a biaxial goniometer and adjusted the cotyledons, which were coated by dropping silver ink onto them, to be as horizontal to the focal plane as possible. The omnifocal images that had the most epidermal cell shapes in the observation area were taken at multiple points to cover the whole surface area of the cotyledon. The multi-point omnifocal images were automatically stitched, and the epidermal cells were automatically and accurately segmented by machine learning. Quantification of cell morphological features based on the segmented images demonstrated that the proposed method could quantitatively evaluate jigsaw puzzle-shaped cell growth and morphogenesis. The method was successfully applied to phenotyping of the bpp125 triple mutant, which has defective pavement cell morphogenesis. The proposed method will be useful for time-lapse non-destructive phenotyping of plant surface structures and is easier to use than the conversional methods that require fluorescent dye labeling or transformation with marker gene constructs and expensive microscopes such as the confocal laser microscope.

scholarly journals Pigment Distribution and Epidermal Cell Shape in Dendrobium Species and Hybrids

HortScience ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 573-577 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rasika G. Mudalige ◽  
Adelheid R. Kuehnle ◽  
Teresita D. Amore
Keyword(s):  
Epidermal Cell ◽  
Cell Shape ◽  
Epidermal Cells ◽  
Vascular Bundles ◽  
Color Intensity ◽  
Visual Texture ◽  
Intensity Perception ◽  
Cell Layers ◽  
Cell Shapes ◽  
Pigment Distribution

Perianths of 34 Dendrobium Sw. species and hybrids were examined to elucidate the roles of pigment distribution and shape of upper epidermal cells in determining color intensity, perception, and visual texture. Color intensity was determined by the spatial localization of anthocyanin in tissue layers, i.e., in the epidermal, subepidermal, and mesophyll layers, as well as by distribution of pigmented cells within the tissue layer. Anthocyanins were confined to the epidermal layer or subepidermal layer in flowers with low color intensity, whereas they were also in several layers of mesophyll in more intensely colored flowers. Striped patterns on the perianth were due to the restriction of pigment to cells surrounding the vascular bundles. Color perception is influenced by the presence or absence of carotenoids, which when present, were distributed in all cell layers. Anthocyanins in combination with carotenoids resulted in a variety of flower colors ranging from red, maroon, bronze to brown, depending on the relative location of the two pigments. Four types of epidermal cell shapes were identified in Dendrobium flowers: flat, dome, elongated dome, and papillate. Epidermal cell shape and cell packing in the mesophyll affected the visual texture. Petals and sepals with flat cells and a tightly packed mesophyll had a glossy texture, whereas dome cells and loosely packed mesophyll contributed a velvety texture. The labella in the majority of flowers examined had a complex epidermis with more than one epidermal cell shape, predominantly papillate epidermal cells.

scholarly journals Leaf epidermal anatomy of Ipomoea carnea Jacq sampled from selected areas in Gombe State, Nigeria

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 148-154
Author(s):  
H.M. Abba ◽  
A Abdullahi ◽  
U.A. Yuguda
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Epidermal Cell ◽  
Stomatal Density ◽  
Complex Type ◽  
Stomatal Complex ◽  
Stomatal Size ◽  
Ipomoea Carnea ◽  
Leaf Surfaces ◽  
Cell Shapes ◽  
Epidermal Features

Leaf epidermal microscopy of Ipomoea carnea Jacq was studied to investigate the structure of the stomata and epidermal features which may be used for delimitation of the specie. Fresh leaves of Ipomoea carnea were obtained from five different LGA,S (Gombe, Y/deba, Balanga, Funakaye and Dukku ) in Gombe State, Nigeria. The specimens were studied under light microscope to examine the Stomatal features, Epidermal cell shapes and Anticlinal cell-wall patterns. It had the presence of amphistomatic leaves; one type of Stomatal complex type namely Cyclocytic. Accession 1 had the highest Stomatal Density (40.00 ± 1.00mm2) with lowest Stomatal size (51.13±7.47µm) on the Abaxial leaf surfaces while Accession 2 possessed lowest Stomatal density (23.40±7.67mm2) with highest Stomatal Size (88.68±1.95mm2) on the Adaxial leaf surfaces. Curved anticlinal cell wall patterns with polygonal epidermal cell shapes were also observed. It was concluded that the presence of Cylocytic type of stomata, with large stomatal sizes greatly helped in the delimitation of the plant and could also be used for classification /identification of the plant and some of the features such as trichomes could also be used for adaptation purposes.Keywords: Epidermal, Stomata, Ipomoea carnea, Cyclocytic, Trichomes

scholarly journals A study of epidermal leaf anatomy of 18 Euphorbia taxa from Kerman Province, Iran

Biologija ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Seyed Mehdi Talebi ◽  
Mitra Noori ◽  
Habibeh Afzali Naniz
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Epidermal Cell ◽  
Leaf Anatomy ◽  
Cell Shape ◽  
Leaf Epidermis ◽  
Abaxial Surface ◽  
Leaf Epidermal Cell ◽  
Leaf Surfaces ◽  
Cell Shapes ◽  
Different Parts

Euphorbia is the largest genus of Euphorbiaceae widely distributed all over the world. The genus members grow naturally in different parts of Iran and nearly 96 species of Euphorbia have been listed in the country. Investigations show that the traits of foliar epidermis have taxonomic values. That is why the features of epidermal leaf anatomy of 18 Euphorbia taxa were studied in the present study. Plant samples were collected from Kerman Province, Iran, and identified using available references. Semi-permanent slides were prepared of adaxial and abaxial leaf epidermis. Then the slides were studied using light microscopy and some epidermal leaf anatomy characteristics stomata types, trichomes, the shape and type of epidermal cell, and their walls were examined. Photomicrographs were taken from each sample. Results showed that stomata type were stable among the species. Not only leaf epidermal cell shapes differed between the taxa, but also in some species they varied between the abaxial and adaxial surfaces. These conditions hold true for cell wall patterns. Some of the studied taxa had simple and uniseriate trichomes on the epidermal surfaces, in most of them trichomes were present on both leaf surfaces, while in one species trichomes were seen on the abaxial surface. Our findings confirmed that some of the anatomical traits, such as the absence or presence of trichomes, epidermal cell shape, and anticlinal cell wall patterns had taxonomic value and are useful in the identification of taxa.

scholarly journals Gloss, Colour and Grip: Multifunctional Epidermal Cell Shapes in Bee- and Bird-Pollinated Flowers

PLoS ONE ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. e112013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Papiorek ◽  
Robert R. Junker ◽  
Klaus Lunau
Keyword(s):  
Epidermal Cell ◽  
Cell Shapes

scholarly journals Taxonomic studies of two trifoliate legumes of high economic importance in Ebonyi State, South-eastern Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 47-51
Author(s):  
O. E. Nwankwo ◽  
◽  
F. C. Ambrose ◽  
S. A. Odewo ◽  
K. Nwanchor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visual Observation ◽  
Anticlinal Wall ◽  
Abaxial Surface ◽  
Trifoliate Leaf ◽  
Standard Methods ◽  
Leaf Type ◽  
Adaxial Surface ◽  
Cell Shapes ◽  
Taxonomic Studies ◽  
Sphenostylis Stenocarpa

Taxonomic studies of Sphenostylis stenocarpa and Centrosema pubescens based macro-morphology and foliar epidermises were carried out to determine their similarities and differences. The taxa are of high economic values as they are used as food and medicine in Nigeria. Standard methods were used to carry out the studies as qualitative and quantitative macromorphological characters of the taxa were obtained by visual observation and measuring with metre rule while foliar epidermal study followed standard methods previously used by other researchers. The taxa studied have trifoliate leaf type with leaf and leaflet arrangement alternate and opposite respectively. From the foliar epidermises, Sphenostylis stenocarpa possesses paracytic stomata on the abaxial surface and anisocytic stomata on the adaxial. The abaxial surface of Centrosema pubescens possesses anomocytic and paracytic stomata and anomocytic stomata on the adaxial surface. Cell shapes of the foliar epidermal surfaces are irregular with undulate anticlinal wall patterns except on the adaxial surface of Sphenostylis stenocarpa with pentagonal cell shape and straight anticlinal wall. The two taxa are similar in their leaf type and arrangement but differ greatly in their stomatal types.

Ectodesmata as Revealed By Freeze-Etch Preparations of Plant Epidermal Cell Walls

1973 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 468-469
Author(s):  
N.C. Lyon ◽  
W. C. Mueller
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Nitric Acid ◽  
Oxalic Acid ◽  
Light Microscopy ◽  
Epidermal Cell ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Plant Viruses ◽  
Plant Leaves ◽  
Thin Sections

Schumacher and Halbsguth first demonstrated ectodesmata as pores or channels in the epidermal cell walls in haustoria of Cuscuta odorata L. by light microscopy in tissues fixed in a sublimate fixative (30% ethyl alcohol, 30 ml:glacial acetic acid, 10 ml: 65% nitric acid, 1 ml: 40% formaldehyde, 5 ml: oxalic acid, 2 g: mecuric chloride to saturation 2-3 g). Other workers have published electron micrographs of structures transversing the outer epidermal cell in thin sections of plant leaves that have been interpreted as ectodesmata. Such structures are evident following treatment with Hg++ or Ag+ salts and are only rarely observed by electron microscopy. If ectodesmata exist without such treatment, and are not artefacts, they would afford natural pathways of entry for applied foliar solutions and plant viruses.

A SEM and Light Microscope Study of the Epidermal Leaf Structures of the Carnivorous Plant, Sarracenia purpurea, L.

1971 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 358-359
Author(s):  
B. J. Panessa ◽  
J. F. Gennaro
Keyword(s):  
Methylene Blue ◽  
Toluidine Blue ◽  
Outer Surface ◽  
Microscope Study ◽  
Light Microscope ◽  
Carnivorous Plant ◽  
Sarracenia Purpurea ◽  
Inner Surface

Tissue from the hood and sarcophagus regions were fixed in 6% glutaraldehyde in 1 M.cacodylate buffer and washed in buffer. Tissue for SEM was partially dried, attached to aluminium targets with silver conducting paint, carbon-gold coated(100-500Å), and examined in a Kent Cambridge Stereoscan S4. Tissue for the light microscope was post fixed in 1% aqueous OsO4, dehydrated in acetone (4°C), embedded in Epon 812 and sectioned at ½u on a Sorvall MT 2 ultramicrotome. Cross and longitudinal sections were cut and stained with PAS, 0.5% toluidine blue and 1% azure II-methylene blue. Measurements were made from both SEM and Light micrographs.The tissue had two structurally distinct surfaces, an outer surface with small (225-500 µ) pubescent hairs (12/mm2), numerous stoma (77/mm2), and nectar glands(8/mm2); and an inner surface with large (784-1000 µ)stiff hairs(4/mm2), fewer stoma (46/mm2) and larger, more complex glands(16/mm2), presumably of a digestive nature.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document