Antifungal Effects of Zataria multiflora Essential Oil on the Inhibitory Growth of some Postharvest Pathogenic Fungi

The present study aimed to determine minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum fungicidal concentration of the essential oil of Zataria multiflora to control Alternaria solani, Rhizoctonia solani, Rhizopus stolonifer, Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus ochraceus and Aspergillus niger. The essential oil of Zataria multiflora was tested in vitro on PDA (malt extract agar medium) with eight concentrations: 0, 10, 50, 100, 200, 300, 400, 500, 600, 700, 800, 900 and 1000 ppm. This investigation followed the completely randomized design (CRD) with three replications. GC-MS evaluations of the essential oil revealed that thymol (35%), carvacrol (34%), cymene-p (9.89%), gamma-terpinene (5.88%) and alpha-pinene (4.22%) were the main compounds of Zataria multiflora oil. The results showed that the essential oil of Zataria multiflora has antifungal activity; the lowest inhibition (75%) was observed in the A. niger, while the highest inhibition (95.3%) was observed in A. solani. Minimum inhibitory concentration for A. solani, R. solani, R. stolonifer, A. flavus, A. ochraceus and A. niger was 200, 200, 200, 300, 300 and 200 ppm respectively. In addition, the present results showed that minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) for A. solani, R. solani, R .stolonifer, A. niger and A.ochraceus was 600, 400, 300, 900 and 700 ppm respectively and none of the tested concentrations were fatal for A. flavus. A. solani and R. solani showed a strong sensitivity to Zataria multiflora essential oil at all concentrations. Findings of the current study suggest that essential oils of Zataria multiflora could be used for control of postharvest phytopathogenic fungi on fruits or vegetables.

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Screening of antimicrobial activity of essential oil and methanol extract of Satureja hortensis on foodborne bacteria and fungi

Czech Journal of Food Sciences ◽

10.17221/753-cjfs ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 25 (No. 2) ◽

pp. 81-89 ◽

Cited By ~ 43

Author(s):

A. Adiguzel ◽

H. Ozer ◽

H. Kilic ◽

B. Cetin

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Activity ◽

Chemical Composition ◽

Minimum Inhibitory Concentration ◽

Essential Oil ◽

Inhibitory Concentration ◽

Methanol Extract ◽

Antimicrobial Activities ◽

Satureja Hortensis ◽

Bacteria And Fungi

The present work reports the in vitro antimicrobial activities of the essential oil and methanol extract from Satureja hortensis as well as the content of its essential oil. The chemical composition of hydrodistilled essential oil of Satureja hortensis was analysed by means of GC-MS. Thirty constituents were identified. The main constituents of the oil were thymol (40.54%), γ-terpinene (18.56%), carvacrol (13.98%), and p-cymene (8.97). The essential oil of Satureja hortensis exhibited the activity against 25 bacteria, 8 fungi, and a yeast, C. albicans; exerting the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration values (MIC) ranging from 15.62 to 250 µl/ml. Similarly, methanol extract of the plant also showed antimicrobial activity.

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In VitroAntimicrobial Activity of Essential Oil ofThymus schimperi,Matricaria chamomilla,Eucalyptus globulus, andRosmarinus officinalis

International Journal of Microbiology ◽

10.1155/2016/9545693 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 2016 ◽

pp. 1-8 ◽

Cited By ~ 30

Author(s):

Awol Mekonnen ◽

Berhanu Yitayew ◽

Alemnesh Tesema ◽

Solomon Taddese

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Activity ◽

Minimum Inhibitory Concentration ◽

Essential Oil ◽

Essential Oils ◽

Inhibitory Concentration ◽

Antimicrobial Activities ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Drug Preparation ◽

Bacteria And Fungi

In this study, thein vitroantimicrobial activities of four plant essential oils (T. schimperi,E. globulus,R. officinalis, andM. Chamomilla) were evaluated against bacteria and fungi. The studies were carried out using agar diffusion method for screening the most effective essential oils and agar dilution to determine minimum inhibitory concentration of the essential oils. Results of this study revealed that essential oils ofT. schimperi,E. globulus, andR. officinaliswere active against bacteria and some fungi. The antimicrobial effect ofM. chamomillawas found to be weaker and did not show any antimicrobial activity. The minimum inhibitory concentration values ofT. schimperiwere<15.75 mg/mL for most of the bacteria and fungi used in this study. The minimum inhibitory concentration values of the other essential oils were in the range of 15.75–36.33 mg/mL against tested bacteria. This study highlighted the antimicrobial activity of the essential oil ofE. globulus,M. chamomilla,T. Schimperi, andR. officinalis. The results indicated thatT. schimperihave shown strong antimicrobial activity which could be potential candidates for preparation of antimicrobial drug preparation.

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Antifungal Activity of Essential Oil ofEucalyptus camaldulensisDehnh. against SelectedFusariumspp.

International Journal of Microbiology ◽

10.1155/2017/8761610 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 2017 ◽

pp. 1-7 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

Martin Muthee Gakuubi ◽

Angeline W. Maina ◽

John M. Wagacha

Keyword(s):

Minimum Inhibitory Concentration ◽

Antifungal Activity ◽

Essential Oil ◽

Mycelial Growth ◽

Inhibitory Concentration ◽

Eucalyptus Camaldulensis ◽

Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Minimum Fungicidal Concentration ◽

Potential Use

The objective of this study was to evaluate the antifungal activity of essential oil (EO) ofEucalyptus camaldulensisDehnh. against fiveFusariumspp. commonly associated with maize.The essential oil had been extracted by steam distillation in a modified Clevenger-type apparatus from leaves ofE. camaldulensisand their chemical composition characterized by gas chromatography mass spectrometry. Poisoned food technique was used to determine the percentage inhibition of mycelial growth, minimum inhibitory concentration, and minimum fungicidal concentration of the EO on the test pathogens. Antifungal activity of different concentrations of the EO was evaluated using disc diffusion method. The most abundant compounds identified in the EO were 1,8-cineole (16.2%),α-pinene (15.6%),α-phellandrene (10.0%), and p-cymene (8.1%). The EO produced complete mycelial growth inhibition in all the test pathogens at a concentration of 7-8 μL/mL after five days of incubation. The minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum fungicidal concentration of the EO on the test fungi were in the range of 7-8 μL/mL and 8–10 μL/mL, respectively. These findings confirm the fungicidal properties ofE. camaldulensisessential oils and their potential use in the management of economically importantFusariumspp. and as possible alternatives to synthetic fungicides.

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Antifungal activity of Cymbopogon citratus essential oil against Aspergillus flavus

Ciência e Natura ◽

10.5902/2179460x36055 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 41 ◽

pp. 20

Author(s):

Ana Paula Martinazzo ◽

Filipe Da Silva de Oliveira ◽

Carlos Eduardo de Souza Teodoro

Keyword(s):

Minimum Inhibitory Concentration ◽

Essential Oil ◽

Aspergillus Flavus ◽

Inhibitory Concentration ◽

Fungal Growth ◽

In Vitro Tests ◽

Cymbopogon Citratus ◽

Object Of Study ◽

Corn Kernels

The search for alternatives for the control of microbiological contamination in foods has been the object of study in different scientific areas. This study aimed to evaluate the efficiency of lemon grass (Cymbopogon citratus) essential oil in controlling the growth of the fungus Aspergillus flavus in three types of analysis: first, by in vitro tests, in essential oil doses between 0.2 and 1.0 μL/ml; second, by serial microdilution to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration, in doses between 0.1 and 1.2 μL/mL; and third, by inhibition of fungal growth in corn kernels contaminated using essential oil doses of 0.4, 0.7, and 1.0 μL/mL, in the incubation times of 14, 28, and 42 days. The in vitro tests showed that the essential oil controlled the fungus from doses of 0.6 μL/mL, but the dose of 1.0 μL/mL controlled 100% growth until day eight of incubation, from which it decreased. The minimum inhibitory concentration for the microdilution analysis was 0.9 μL/mL. The evaluation of the corn kernels for all doses of essential oil and times tested showed 100% inhibition of the fungal growth.

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Uji Aktivitas Antifungi Ekstrak Rimpang Kencur (Kaempferia galanga L.) Terhadap Saprolegnia sp. Secara In Vitro [Antifungal Activity Test Of Kaempferia galanga L. Extract To Saprolegnia sp. By In Vitro]

Jurnal Ilmiah Perikanan dan Kelautan ◽

10.20473/jipk.v5i1.11420 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 23

Author(s):

Rahayu Kusdarwati, Ayu Ratnaningtyas, Dewa Ketut Meles

Keyword(s):

Minimum Inhibitory Concentration ◽

Antifungal Activity ◽

Inhibitory Concentration ◽

Positive Control ◽

Negative Control ◽

Fresh Water Fish ◽

Minimum Fungicidal Concentration ◽

Kaempferia Galanga ◽

Activity Test

Abstract Saprolegnia sp. is a fungus that causes the Saprolegniasis disease can infection eggs and fresh water fish. Treatment Saprolegniasis done using chemical drugs, however the use of drugs is bad for the environment and biota. The purpose of the research was to determined the antifungal activity include a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) from Kaempferia galanga L. to Saprolegnia sp. by in vitro. This research used 9 different concentrations of Kaempferia galanga L extract were 50%, 12.5%, 6.25%, 3.12%, 1.56%, 0.78%, 0, 39%, 0.2%, positive control used H2O2 3% and negative control used DMSO 10%. The results showed that the extract of Kaempferia galanga L had an antifungal activity were inhibits and kill with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was 0.39% equivalen with 3,9 mg/ml and minimu fungicidal concentration (MBC) was 1.56% equivalen with 15,6 mg/ml. The existence of antifungal activity against Saprolegnia sp. by in vitro caused by some active compounds from the extracts of the Kaempferia galanga L. are polyphenolic compounds, flavonoin, saponins and essential oils.

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Uji Aktivitas Antifungi Ekstrak Daun Sirih (Piper betle L) Terhadap Saprolegnia sp. Secara In Vitro [Antifungal Activities Test Of Betel Leaf Extract (Piper betle L) On Saprolegnia sp. By In Vitro]

Jurnal Ilmiah Perikanan dan Kelautan ◽

10.20473/jipk.v5i1.11417 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 15

Author(s):

Rahayu Kusdarwati, Pustika Murtinintias, Dewa Ketut Meles

Keyword(s):

Minimum Inhibitory Concentration ◽

Leaf Extract ◽

Inhibitory Concentration ◽

Piper Betle ◽

Minimum Concentration ◽

Minimum Fungicidal Concentration ◽

Betel Leaf ◽

Concentration Test ◽

Fungal Suspension

Abstract Saprolegniasis is a mycotic disease caused by Saprolegnia sp. that usually attacking wild fish and farming fish. Saprolegnia sp. cause a lot of harm in process of the fish cultivation. Prevention and treatment of the common practice is use chemical drugs, but the use of these chemicals tend to be environmentally unfriendly and there are has karsinogenik effect. Therefore, the use of traditional medicines is one of alternative to control Saprolegnia sp. safer than chemical drugs. Green betel leaf contains phenolic compounds and tannins are efficacious as antifungal agent. This study aims to prove the antifungal activity of extracts of betel leaf (Piper betle L) for Saprolegnia sp., and to know the minimum concentration of betel leaf extract (Piper betle L) as antifungal for Saprolegnia sp. The design of this experiment is used completely randomized design (CRD) with 11 treatments and 3 replications. This study used the dilution method through the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration determination (MIC) and Minimum Fungicidal Concentration (MFC). The concentration of the extract used was 50% (0.5 g/ml), 25% (0.25 g/ml), 12.5% (0.125 g/ml), 6.25% (0.0625 g/ml), 3.13% (0.0313 g/ml), 1.56% (0.0156 g/ml), 0.78% (0.0078 g/ml), 0.39% (0.0039 g/ml), 0.2% (0.002 g/ml) of betel leaf extract. A positive control containing 2 ml of 3% hydrogen peroxide were added fungal suspension until 4 ml Negative control containing 2 ml of 10% DMSO were added fungal suspension until 4 ml. The main parameters in this study is the value of optical density (OD) for MIC (Minimum Inhibitory Concentration) test and the absence of Saprolegnia sp. growing on SDA media for MFC (Minimum Fungicidal Concentration) test. 0.20% (0.002g/ml) concentration of of betel leaf extract is the minimum concentration that can inhibit the growth of Saprolegnia sp. MFC test results showed concentrations of 0.78% (0.0078 g/ml) betel leaf extract is the minimum concentration that can kill Saprolegnia sp.

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Antifungal Activity of Plumericin and Isoplumericin

Natural Product Communications ◽

10.1177/1934578x1100601101 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 6 (11) ◽

pp. 1934578X1100601 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Dharmendra Singh ◽

Umakant Sharma ◽

Parveen Kumar ◽

Yogesh K Gupta ◽

M. P. Dobhal ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Candida Albicans ◽

Minimum Inhibitory Concentration ◽

Antifungal Activity ◽

Cryptococcus Neoformans ◽

Inhibitory Concentration ◽

Chloroform Extract ◽

Drug Candidate ◽

Minimum Fungicidal Concentration ◽

In Vitro Antifungal Activity

This study evaluated the in vitro antifungal activity of the chloroform extract of Plumeria bicolor and its phytoconstituents plumericin and isoplumericin against Candida species and Cryptococcus neoformans by measuring the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Fungicidal Concentration (MFC). Plumericin's consistently high activity against Candida albicans, C. krusei, C. glabrata, C. tropicalis and Cryptococcus neoformans was more potent than isoplumericin and the standard antifungal drug nystatin suggesting its potential as a drug candidate for candidiasis and cryptococcosis.

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In vitro antibacterial activity of 34 plant essential oils against Alternaria alternata

E3S Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/e3sconf/201913606006 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 136 ◽

pp. 06006

Author(s):

Qiyu Lu ◽

Ji Liu ◽

Caihong Tu ◽

Juan Li ◽

Chunlong Lei ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Minimum Inhibitory Concentration ◽

Essential Oil ◽

Essential Oils ◽

Alternaria Alternata ◽

Inhibitory Concentration ◽

Drug Susceptibility ◽

Inhibitory Effect ◽

Plant Essential Oils ◽

Mustard Essential Oil

To determine the antibacterial effect of 34 plant essential oils on Alternaria alternata, 34 plant essential oils such as asarum essential oil, garlic essential oil, and mustard essential oil are used as inhibition agents to isolate A. alternata from citrus as indicator bacteria, through the bacteriostasis test and drug susceptibility test, the types of essential oils with the best inhibitory effect were screened and their concentration was determined. The results showed that the best inhibition effect was mustard essential oil with a minimum inhibitory concentration of 250 μl/L and a minimum bactericidal concentration of 250 μl/L. Followed by the Litsea cubeba essential oil and basil oil, the minimum inhibitory concentration is 500 μl/L.

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Phytochemical characterization, antioxidant and antibacterial activity of essential oil and extracts of Tagetes patula on Staphylococcus aureus

Revista de la Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad del Zulia ◽

10.47280/revfacagron(luz).v37.n4.02 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 37 (4) ◽

pp. 347-367

Author(s):

Virginia Monserrate López Zambrano ◽

Alex Alberto Dueñas Rivadeneira ◽

José Gerardo Cuenca Nevárez ◽

Joan Manuel Rodríguez-Díaz

Keyword(s):

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Refractive Index ◽

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Minimum Inhibitory Concentration ◽

Essential Oil ◽

Inhibitory Concentration ◽

In Vitro Tests ◽

Tagetes Patula

Tagetes patula is an ornamental plant species and its essential oils contain potentially allelopathic active ingredients. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the phytochemical composition of extracts, the antioxidant and antibacterial activity of the essential oil of flowering leaves of the species, on Staphylococcus aureus. For this, the extraction of the essential oil by hydrodistillation was carried out, evaluating the physical characteristics (solubility, density and refractive index) and phytochemical characteristics of the extracts through a phytochemical screening (alkaloids, flavonoids, phenols, saponins, tannins and reducing sugars). The quantificatics of phenols in the essential oil was performed by the Folin Ciocalteu method, the antioxidant activity using the DPPH and ABTS tests, the antimicrobial activity by determining the minimum inhibitory concentration. The results obtained showed for the essential oil, a density of 0,733 g.mL-1, refractive index of 1,47 and insolubility in ethanol (70 %), presence of tannins, flavonoids and phenols in the extracts. The phenolic content was 1.024 ± 0,19 mg.g-1 TAE, the antioxidant activity with DPPH was 87,6 ± 0,18 µmol.g-1TE and with ABTS 180,83 ± 0,36 µmol.g-1 TE in Trolox equivalent. The minimum inhibitory concentration was 16,67 mm against S. aureus, in response to which it is concluded that the essential oil of T. patula had antioxidant activity against radicals DPPH and ABTS, high phenolic contents and showed antibacterial activity in vitro tests against S. aureus.

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SCREENING OF THYMUS VULGARIS ESSENTIAL OIL AGAINST FUNGI CAUSING DERMATOPHYTOSIS IN HUMAN BEINGS

International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences ◽

10.22159/ijpps.2017v9i10.20054 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 9 (10) ◽

pp. 236

Author(s):

Neetu Jain ◽

Meenakshi Sharma

Keyword(s):

Minimum Inhibitory Concentration ◽

Essential Oil ◽

Inhibitory Concentration ◽

Antifungal Susceptibility ◽

Pathogenic Fungi ◽

Thymus Vulgaris ◽

Human Beings ◽

Solid Agar ◽

Superficial Skin ◽

Semi Solid

Objective: The study was designed to determined antidermatophytic activity of Thymus vulgaris essential oil against fungi causing superficial skin infections in human and animal.Methods: Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of essential oil was screened against selected pathogenic fungi namely Trichophyton rubrum (MTCC 296), T. mentagrophytes (MTCC 7687), Microsporum gypseum (MTCC 4524), M. fulvum(MTCC2837), T. soudanense and T. interdigitale through semi solid agar antifungal susceptibility testing method(SAAS). Minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) was also determined by modified semi solid agar antifungal susceptibility method. T. soudanense and T. interdigitalis were isolated through TO. KA. VA hair bating technique from animal habitats soil of Jaipur district.Results: T. vulgaris essential oil exhibited excellent antideramtophytic activity against all selected dermatophytes. Minimum inhibitory concentration was ranged from 0.020±0.000μl/ml to 0.1±0.033 μl/ml. MFC were found little higher than MIC (0.02±0.000μl/ml to.2±0.000μl/ml). M. gypseum was found to be most susceptible fungus as compared to other test fungi.Conclusion: T. vulgaris was found to be most effective fungicidal agent against human pathogenic fungi. Present findings provide for a rationale basis of a possible utilization of this oil in fields requiring safe and cheap compounds with antiseptic and preservative properties, such as cosmetic, pharmaceutical and food industries.

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