scholarly journals Uji Aktivitas Antifungi Ekstrak Daun Sirih (Piper betle L) Terhadap Saprolegnia sp. Secara In Vitro [Antifungal Activities Test Of Betel Leaf Extract (Piper betle L) On Saprolegnia sp. By In Vitro]

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 15
Author(s):  
Rahayu Kusdarwati, Pustika Murtinintias, Dewa Ketut Meles
Keyword(s):  
Minimum Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Piper Betle ◽  
Minimum Concentration ◽  
Minimum Fungicidal Concentration ◽  
Betel Leaf ◽  
Concentration Test ◽  
Fungal Suspension

Abstract Saprolegniasis is a mycotic disease caused by Saprolegnia sp. that usually attacking wild fish and farming fish. Saprolegnia sp. cause a lot of harm in process of the fish cultivation. Prevention and treatment of the common practice is use chemical drugs, but the use of these chemicals tend to be environmentally unfriendly and there are has karsinogenik effect. Therefore, the use of traditional medicines is one of alternative to control Saprolegnia sp. safer than chemical drugs. Green betel leaf contains phenolic compounds and tannins are efficacious as antifungal agent. This study aims to prove the antifungal activity of extracts of betel leaf (Piper betle L) for Saprolegnia sp., and to know the minimum concentration of betel leaf extract (Piper betle L) as antifungal for Saprolegnia sp. The design of this experiment is used completely randomized design (CRD) with 11 treatments and 3 replications. This study used the dilution method through the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration determination (MIC) and Minimum Fungicidal Concentration (MFC). The concentration of the extract used was 50% (0.5 g/ml), 25% (0.25 g/ml), 12.5% (0.125 g/ml), 6.25% (0.0625 g/ml), 3.13% (0.0313 g/ml), 1.56% (0.0156 g/ml), 0.78% (0.0078 g/ml), 0.39% (0.0039 g/ml), 0.2% (0.002 g/ml) of betel leaf extract. A positive control containing 2 ml of 3% hydrogen peroxide were added fungal suspension until 4 ml Negative control containing 2 ml of 10% DMSO were added fungal suspension until 4 ml. The main parameters in this study is the value of optical density (OD) for MIC (Minimum Inhibitory Concentration) test and the absence of Saprolegnia sp. growing on SDA media for MFC (Minimum Fungicidal Concentration) test. 0.20% (0.002g/ml) concentration of of betel leaf extract is the minimum concentration that can inhibit the growth of Saprolegnia sp. MFC test results showed concentrations of 0.78% (0.0078 g/ml) betel leaf extract is the minimum concentration that can kill Saprolegnia sp.

ANTIFUNGAL TOPICAL GEL OF LEAF EXTRACT OF AMARANTHUS VIRIDIS L. FOR TREATMENT OF CUTANEOUS CANDIDIASIS

INDIAN DRUGS ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 56 (12) ◽  
pp. 39-44
Author(s):  
A. P. Pandit ◽  
◽  
K. S. Khandagale ◽  
V. C Nakhate ◽  
N. N Dharmadhikari
Keyword(s):  
Minimum Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
High Viscosity ◽  
Good Choice ◽  
Zone Of Inhibition ◽  
Minimum Fungicidal Concentration ◽  
Topical Gel ◽  
Cutaneous Candidiasis

The objective of the study was to prepare antifungal gel using leaves of Amaranthus viridis for the treatment of cutaneous candidiasis. The leaves were studied for pharmacognostic evaluation. The powder of leaves was tested for phytoconstituents. The plant extract was evaluated for the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) and antifungal activity. Gel was prepared and evaluated for pH, viscosity, homogeneity and grittiness. MIC and MFC of extract were both found to be 600 mg. The zone of inhibition of extract was obtained at 21.2±0.2mm, which confirmed antifungal activity, due to presence of phenolic compound. Gel exhibited good antifungal activity, good spreadability, extrudability and high viscosity. Thus, gel loaded with leaves extract of A. viridis is a good choice for the treatment of cutaneous candidiasis.

scholarly journals Antifungal Effects of Zataria multiflora Essential Oil on the Inhibitory Growth of some Postharvest Pathogenic Fungi

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 412-416
Author(s):  
Mahboobeh NASSERI ◽  
Hossein AROUIEE ◽  
Shiva GOLMOHAMMADZADEH ◽  
Mahmoud Reza JAAFARI ◽  
Hossein NEAMATI
Keyword(s):  
Minimum Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Alternaria Solani ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Aspergillus Ochraceus ◽  
Malt Extract ◽  
Zataria Multiflora ◽  
Minimum Fungicidal Concentration

The present study aimed to determine minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum fungicidal concentration of the essential oil of Zataria multiflora to control Alternaria solani, Rhizoctonia solani, Rhizopus stolonifer, Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus ochraceus and Aspergillus niger. The essential oil of Zataria multiflora was tested in vitro on PDA (malt extract agar medium) with eight concentrations: 0, 10, 50, 100, 200, 300, 400, 500, 600, 700, 800, 900 and 1000 ppm. This investigation followed the completely randomized design (CRD) with three replications. GC-MS evaluations of the essential oil revealed that thymol (35%), carvacrol (34%), cymene-p (9.89%), gamma-terpinene (5.88%) and alpha-pinene (4.22%) were the main compounds of Zataria multiflora oil. The results showed that the essential oil of Zataria multiflora has antifungal activity; the lowest inhibition (75%) was observed in the A. niger, while the highest inhibition (95.3%) was observed in A. solani. Minimum inhibitory concentration for A. solani, R. solani, R. stolonifer, A. flavus, A. ochraceus and A. niger was 200, 200, 200, 300, 300 and 200 ppm respectively. In addition, the present results showed that minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) for A. solani, R. solani, R .stolonifer, A. niger and A.ochraceus was 600, 400, 300, 900 and 700 ppm respectively and none of the tested concentrations were fatal for A. flavus. A. solani and R. solani showed a strong sensitivity to Zataria multiflora essential oil at all concentrations. Findings of the current study suggest that essential oils of Zataria multiflora could be used for control of postharvest phytopathogenic fungi on fruits or vegetables.

scholarly journals IDENTIFICATION OF ANTHRACHNOSE DISEASE ON STRAWBERRY FRUIT (Fragraria vesca L.) AND ITS CONTROL BY BETEL (Piper betle L.) LEAF EXTRACT

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 458
Author(s):  
Rina Sri Kasiamdari ◽  
Umi Sangadah
Keyword(s):  
Disease Severity ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Piper Betle ◽  
Strawberry Fruit ◽  
Pathogen Infection ◽  
Anthracnose Disease ◽  
Betel Leaf ◽  
Colletotrichum Spp

<p>In Indonesia, strawberry is one of fruits which has high economic values. The growth of strawberry has increased significantly, but its productivity is still low because of disease attack. Disease that attacks strawberry started from nursery to post harvest is anthracnose that can be caused by Colletotrichum spp. Control efforts of anthracnose disease up to now has been done with application of synthetic chemicals which are known to be hazardous to the environment and human health. Betel leaf (Piper betle L.) is natural plant that potentially used as phytofungicide. Essential oils on betel leaf extract is reported can decrease the growth of pathogenic fungi. The objectives of the research were to identify Colletotrichum spp. in strawberry fruit that showed anthracnose symptoms, to test the potency of betel leaf extract as phytofungicide, and to evaluate the effect of betel leaf extract in inhibiting infection and disease severity of Colletotrichum in strawberry. Samples were taken from strawberry nursery in Magelang, Indonesia. The disease symptoms were isolated on Potato Dextrose Agar, followed by identification of fungal colony and morphology by semi permanent slide preparation. Betel leaves were extracted with water to get a concentration of 20, 40, 60, 80 and 100%, respectively. An in vitro experiment was done to evaluate the inhibition rate of betel leaf extract to the growth of Colletotrichum spp. colony. An in vivo experiment was done by submersion of strawberry to betel leaf extract before (preventive method) and after antrachnose attack (curative method), then disease infection and disease severity were measured after 7 days. The result of the research showed that anthracnose disease in strawberry was caused by C. gloeosporioides (Penz.). Twenty percent of betel leaf extract in an in vitro test had potential as phytofungicide and concentration of 100% betel leaf extract was the best concentration to inhibit the growth of C. gloeosporioides (Penz.) colony by 70.26±0,61%. In an in vivo experiment, submersion of strawberry before pathogen infection (preventive) with 100% betel leaf extract decreased disease infection by 40% and disease severity by 16%, respectively. While treatment of submersion of strawberry after pathogen infection (curative) decreased disease infection by 33,4% and disease severity by 17%. </p><p>Keywords: strawberry, anthrachnose, disease, betel leaf</p>

scholarly journals Daya Antibakteri Ekstrak Daun Api-Api (Avicennia alba) terhadap Vibrio harveyi Penyebab Vibriosis secara Invitro [In Vitro Antibacteria Activity of Api-Api (Avicennia alba) Leave Extract Against Vibrio harveyi Causes Vibriosis]

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 131
Author(s):  
Zurica Melati Fitri ◽  
Kismiyati Kismiyati ◽  
Ahmad Shofy Mubarak
Keyword(s):  
Minimum Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Experimental Method ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Vibrio Harveyi ◽  
Colony Growth ◽  
Minimum Concentration ◽  
Extract Concentration ◽  
Avicennia Alba

AbstrakBudidaya udang dihadapkan pada berbagai kendala penyakit yang timbul dan  dapat menyebabkan kematian masal pada larva udang windu, salah satunya  vibriosis yang   disebabkan oleh bakteri Vibrio harveyi.   Zat antibakteri yaitu : flavonoid, saponin dan tanin terbukti dapat membunuh beberapa bakteri patogen.  Daun api – api Avicennia alba mengandung zat anti bakteri sehingga berpotensi digunakan untuk membunuh bakteri Vibrio harveyi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui konsentrasi optimum ekstrak daun api-api (Avicennia alba) dalam menghambat dan membunuh pertumbuhan bakteri Vibrio harveyi. Penelitian ini  mengunakan metode eksperimental dengan  perlakuan konsentrasi ekstrak daun api-api (Avicennia alba) sebesar  100%, 90% 80%, 70%, 60%, 50%, 40%. 30%, 20%, 10%, 0%.  Parameter yang diamati  dalam penelitian ini  adalah Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) dan pertumbuhan koloni  pada uji Minimum Bacteria Concentration (MBC).  Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa pada  konsentrasi 60% ekstrak daun Avicennia alba dapat menghambat pertumbuhan  V.harveyi. Sedangkan pada konsentrasi 90% ekstrak daun Avicennia alba menyebabkan  bakteri V.harveyi terbunuh.   AbstractShrimp culture has various obstacles such as the emergence of diseases that can cause deaths in tiger shrimp larvae such as vibriosis caused by Vibrio harveyi. Some antibacterial substances such as flavonoid, saponin, and tannin inhibit and kill several pathogenic bacteria. Avicennia alba leaves contain anti-bacterial substances that have the potential to be used to kill Vibrio harveyi bacteria. This study aimed to determine the minimum concentration of Avicennia alba leaves extract for inhibiting and kill the growth of Vibrio harveyi. This study used an experimental method, using  Avicennia alba leaves extract concentration treatment of 100%, 90% 80%, 70%, 60%, 50%, 40%. 30%, 20%, 10%, 0%. The parameters observed in this study were the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and bacteria colony growth in Minimum Bacteria Concentration (MBC) test. The results showed that at a concentration of 60% Avicennia alba leaves extract could inhibit the growth of V.harveyi. While at a concentration of 90% Avicennia alba leaves extract, Vibrio harveyi bacteria was killed. 

scholarly journals Uji Aktivitas Antifungi Ekstrak Rimpang Kencur (Kaempferia galanga L.) Terhadap Saprolegnia sp. Secara In Vitro [Antifungal Activity Test Of Kaempferia galanga L. Extract To Saprolegnia sp. By In Vitro]

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 23
Author(s):  
Rahayu Kusdarwati, Ayu Ratnaningtyas, Dewa Ketut Meles
Keyword(s):  
Minimum Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Fresh Water Fish ◽  
Minimum Fungicidal Concentration ◽  
Kaempferia Galanga ◽  
Activity Test

Abstract Saprolegnia sp. is a fungus that causes the Saprolegniasis disease can infection eggs and fresh water fish. Treatment Saprolegniasis done using chemical drugs, however the use of drugs is bad for the environment and biota. The purpose of the research was to determined the antifungal activity include a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) from Kaempferia galanga L. to Saprolegnia sp. by in vitro. This research used 9 different concentrations of Kaempferia galanga L extract were 50%, 12.5%, 6.25%, 3.12%, 1.56%, 0.78%, 0, 39%, 0.2%, positive control used H2O2 3% and negative control used DMSO 10%. The results showed that the extract of Kaempferia galanga L had an antifungal activity were inhibits and kill with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was 0.39% equivalen with 3,9 mg/ml and minimu fungicidal concentration (MBC) was 1.56% equivalen with 15,6 mg/ml. The existence of antifungal activity against Saprolegnia sp. by in vitro caused by some active compounds from the extracts of the Kaempferia galanga L. are polyphenolic compounds, flavonoin, saponins and essential oils.

scholarly journals Uji Konsentrasi Hambat Minimum (KHM) Ekstrak Daun Mengkudu (Morinda citrifolia L.) terhadap Candida albicans Secara In Vitro

e-GIGI ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa Ramschie ◽  
Pieter L. Suling ◽  
Krista V. Siagian
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Minimum Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Morinda Citrifolia ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Dilution Method ◽  
Control Group Design ◽  
Group Design

Abstract: Noni (Morinda cittrifolia L.) leaves contain antraquinon, atsiri oil, saponin, tannin, alkaloid, flavonoid, polifenol, and sterol that have been proved can inhibit the growth of Candida albicans. This study was aimed to establish the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of noni leaf extract against Candida abicans. This was a true experimental study with a randomized pretest-posttest control group design. We used serial dilution method with turbidimetry and spectrophotometry tests. Noni leaves were extracted by using maceration with 96% ethanol. Candida albicans fungi were obtained from Microbiology Laboratory of Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Sam Ratulangi University. The turbidimetry test using three repetitions showed that the MIC of noni leaf extract against Candida albicans was 6.25% meanwhile the spectrophotometry test established 12.5% as the MIC of noni leaf extract. Conclusion: Minimum inhibitory concentration of noni (Morinda cittrifolia L.) leaf extract against the growth of Candida albicans was 12.5%.Keywords: noni (Morinda citrifolia L.), Candida albicans, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) Abstrak: Daun mengkudu (Morinda citrifolia L.) mengandung antraquinon, minyak atsiri, saponin, tannin, alkaloid, flavonoid, polifenol dan sterol yang terbukti dapat menghambat pertumbuhan Candida albicans. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan konsentrasi hambat minimum (KHM) dari ekstrak daun mengkudu terhadap Candida albicans. Jenis penelitian ialah eksperimental murni dengan randomized pretest-posttest control group design. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian yaitu serial dilusi dengan pengujian turbidimetri dan spektrofotometri. Daun mengkudu diekstraksi dengan metode maserasi menggunakan pelarut etanol 96%. Jamur Candida albicans diambil dari stok jamur Laboratorium Mikrobiologi Program Studi Farmasi Fakultas MIPA Universitas Sam Ratulangi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pengujian turbidimetri dengan tiga kali perlakuan mendapatkan KHM pada konsentrasi 6,25% sedangkan pengujian spektrofotometri mendapatkan KHM pada konsentrasi 12,5%. Simpulan: Konsentrasi hambat minimum (KHM) ekstrak daun mengkudu (Morinda citrifolia L.) terhadap pertumbuhan Candida albicans terdapat pada konsentrasi 12,5%.Kata kunci: mengkudu (Morinda citrifolia L.), Candia albicans, konsentrasi hambat minimum (KHM)

scholarly journals Antifungal Activity of Plumericin and Isoplumericin

2011 ◽  
Vol 6 (11) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1100601 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dharmendra Singh ◽  
Umakant Sharma ◽  
Parveen Kumar ◽  
Yogesh K Gupta ◽  
M. P. Dobhal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Minimum Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Cryptococcus Neoformans ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Chloroform Extract ◽  
Drug Candidate ◽  
Minimum Fungicidal Concentration ◽  
In Vitro Antifungal Activity

This study evaluated the in vitro antifungal activity of the chloroform extract of Plumeria bicolor and its phytoconstituents plumericin and isoplumericin against Candida species and Cryptococcus neoformans by measuring the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Fungicidal Concentration (MFC). Plumericin's consistently high activity against Candida albicans, C. krusei, C. glabrata, C. tropicalis and Cryptococcus neoformans was more potent than isoplumericin and the standard antifungal drug nystatin suggesting its potential as a drug candidate for candidiasis and cryptococcosis.

scholarly journals Konsentrasi Hambat Minimum Ekstrak Daun Sawo (Achras Zapota L.) Terhadap Pertumbuhan Staphylococcus Aureus Secara In Vitro

BioScience ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 53
Author(s):  
Novia Yunika
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Minimum Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Test Tube ◽  
Study Results ◽  
West Sumatra ◽  
Negative Controls

Sapodilla (Achras zapota L.) is a plant commonly found on the island of Java, West Sumatra and West Nusa Tenggara. Sapodilla plant contains flavonoids, saponins and tannins. In leaf the dominant are flavonoids. The content of flavonoids in the plant tissue may act as an antioxidant and antibacterial. As an alternative natural antibacterial, sapodilla leaves should also be tested minimum inhibitory concentration effective to inhibit the bacteria Staphylococcus aureus. This study aims to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration sapodilla leaf extract (Achras zapota L.) on the growth of Staphylococcus aureus. The research was conducted from January to February 2015 in the Laboratory of Microbiology  UNP. Research method is descriptive by observing turbidity levels at each test tube as well as comparison increment Optical Density (OD) before incubation and after incubation of zeroes. Sapodilla leaf extract concentration ranging from 10% - 50%, amoxilin as a positive control, and negative controls (without extract). Study results showed that the minimum inhibitory concentration of Sapodilla leaf extract on the growthbacteria present in a concentration of 50%. Keywords : Sapodilla leaf extract , Minimun Inhibitory Concentration (MIC), and Staphylococcus aureus

scholarly journals Sensitivity of Cashew (Anacardium occidentale) Leaf Extract against Selected Urinary Tract Pathogens

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
I. A. Hassan ◽  
I. Abdulraheem ◽  
H. O. Emun ◽  
O. M. Shonowo
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Minimum Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Anacardium Occidentale ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Diffusion Technique ◽  
Good Potential

Aims: The study was carried out to investigate cashew extract as anti – urinary tract infection. Methods: The leaves of cashew (Anacardium occidentale) were extracted using ethanol and distilled water; however the leaf extracts of cashew were screened for anti-microbial activities by the in vitro cup-plate method of agar diffusion technique with concentration of about 10-5 s cells/ml of the selected bacteria; using ethanol and distilled water as control. Simultaneously; the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of the two extracts on selected bacteria were also determined. Results: The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of ethanolic and aqueous extract against the two organisms was 0.0625 g/l; namely E. coli and S. aureus except K. pneumoniae that occurred at 0.125 g/l. The two extracts were bactericidal at 0.25 g/l and above; below this concentration there were differentiations in the organism’s reaction to the extracts; for instance, the two extracts at 0.125 g/l were cidal; to the other two organisms; only K. pneumoniae was static. However at 0.0625g/l of the two extracts; the two organisms were static but K. pneumoniae showed growth. Conclusion: Hence the leaf extract of Anacardium occidentale dissolved in distilled water and ethanol are good potential for the development of antibacterial drugs for urinary tract pathogens like Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus.

scholarly journals Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) Of Liquid Smoke Produced from Piper Betle L Against Salmonella sp and Staphylococcus aureus

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-98
Author(s):  
Dodi Irwandi ◽  
Ai Emalia Sukmawati
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Minimum Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Piper Betle ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Betel Leaf ◽  
Liquid Smoke ◽  
Grade 3 ◽  
And Staphylococcus Aureus

The betel (Piper betle L) is an herb that has one of the properties, namely as an antibacterial. Several studies have shown green betel leaf extract can inhibit the growth of Gram-positive and Gram negative bacteria. In this study, the antibacterial activity of liquid smoke produced from betel leaf by pyrolysis using a simple pyrolysis reactor was tested. Tests are carried out on 2 types of liquid smoke namely grade 3 which is the first product of the pyrolysis process and grade 2 which is the result of distillation from grade 3. Both types of liquid smoke are prepared into concentration of 100%, 75%, 50%, 25% respectively water as a solvent. Two types of bacteria are used, namely Salmonella sp as Gram-negative bacteria and Staphylococcus aureus as Gram-positive. The test results show that grade 3 and grade 2 liquid smoke give minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) at the same concentration of 50% against Salmonella sp and, Staphylococcus aureus at 25%, 75% concentrations, respectively.

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