Cerebrospinal fluid and serum antimicroglial antibodies: prospects for early diagnosis of Alzheimer′s disease

An outline of modern views on the aetiology of multiple sclerosis is followed by a discussion of diagnosis. Examination of the cerebrospinal fluid, visual evoked potentials, and other electrophysiological tests are considered. The special problems of optic neuritis, spastic paraparesis, and psychological disorder receive more detailed attention. It is concluded that while the supplementary tests are valuable the diagnosis remains essentially clinical.

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Biogenic Monoamine Disorders

10.1093/med/9780199972135.003.0031 ◽

2016 ◽

Author(s):

Emmanuel Roze ◽

Nenad Blau

Keyword(s):

Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽

Early Diagnosis ◽

Movement Disorders ◽

Final Diagnosis ◽

Brain Dysfunction ◽

Biochemical Investigation ◽

Monoamine Precursors ◽

Cerebral Dopamine ◽

Biogenic Monoamine ◽

Cerebral Folate Deficiency

Biogenic monoamine disorders are a group of inherited diseases characterized by a defect in the synthesis, transport, or degradation of catecholamines and serotonin. The phenotype mostly reflects the pattern and severity of the monoamine deficiency. Movement disorders due to cerebral dopamine deficiency are almost always prominent, mostly in the form of dystonia and/or parkinsonism. These disorders are potentially devastating yet treatable. Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial to prevent ongoing brain dysfunction. Detection of hyperphenylalaninemia in a neonate could be a good clue to the diagnosis. Final diagnosis is often based on a detailed biochemical investigation of the cerebrospinal fluid and can be confirmed by molecular analysis. Treatment is aimed at restoring neurotransmitter homeostasis using monoamine precursors, monoamine agonists, and inhibitors of monoamine degradation. It also comprises the control of hyperphenylalaninemia and the prevention of cerebral folate deficiency, when applicable.

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Secreted appα and appβ in cerebrospinal fluid correlate with phosphorylated tau and are potentially useful biomarkers for early diagnosis of dementia disorders

Journal of the Neurological Sciences ◽

10.1016/j.jns.2017.08.896 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 381 ◽

pp. 316

Author(s):

W. Araki ◽

Y. Araki ◽

K. Hattori ◽

K. Kazutomi ◽

Y. Yokoi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽

Early Diagnosis ◽

Phosphorylated Tau ◽

Diagnosis Of Dementia

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EVALUATION OF DIAGNOSTIC PERFORMANCE OF GENEXPERT MTB IN CEREBROSPINAL FLUID FOR EARLY DIAGNOSIS OF TUBERCULOUS MENINGITIS

Journal of Evidence Based Medicine and Healthcare ◽

10.18410/jebmh/2019/460 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 6 (33) ◽

pp. 2253-2256

Author(s):

Namita Mohapatra ◽

Gurukurshna Mohapatra ◽

Sankarsan Das ◽

Choudhry Bijay Kumar Mohanty ◽

Jigyansa Mohapatra

Keyword(s):

Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽

Early Diagnosis ◽

Tuberculous Meningitis ◽

Diagnostic Performance

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The meaning of blood and cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers in early diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease

Journal of Education, Health and Sport ◽

10.12775/jehs.2020.10.09.035 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (9) ◽

pp. 308

Author(s):

Julita Szarpak ◽

Weronika Dalmata ◽

Ilona Gąbka ◽

Daria Madycka ◽

Olga Wysokińska

Keyword(s):

Alzheimer’S Disease ◽

Alzheimer's Disease ◽

Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽

Early Diagnosis ◽

Cerebrospinal Fluid Biomarkers

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Early diagnosis of RelapsingRemitting Multiple Sclerosis: a review of the bibliography from 2016 to 2021

10.5327/1516-3180.203 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Mariana Bastos Rodrigues dos Santos ◽

Felipe dos Santos Souza ◽

Pedro Felisberto Nogueira Viana Farah ◽

Yasmim Evelyn Lisboa Barbosa ◽

Felipe Oliveira Costa

Keyword(s):

Multiple Sclerosis ◽

Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽

Early Diagnosis ◽

Diffusion Tensor ◽

Clinical Event ◽

Oligoclonal Bands ◽

Fluid Analysis ◽

Mcdonald Criteria ◽

Pubmed Database ◽

Relapsing Remitting

Background: Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a neurodegenerative disease of the Central Nervous System (CNS), which damages myelin and axons by interrupting or reducing the flow of information. Early diagnosis of MS is essential to slow disease progression. The last review of the McDonald criteria, which organize the diagnosis of MS, took place in 2017 and it is necessary to understand the evidence that emerged in this period. Objectives: Review the updates of the bibliography published between 2016 and 2021. Design and setting: Bibliographic review made in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Methods: This research was made from Pubmed database search with the descriptors “Multiple Sclerosis Relapsing-Remitting” and “Early Diagnosis” and the filters “free full text”, “english”, “Portuguese”, “5 years”, “humans”. The discarded articles did not contemplate the entire theme in the design, content or quality of publication. Results: Patients with the first clinical event suggesting MS that meet the criteria for space dissemination may be diagnosed with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) when oligoclonal bands in the cerebrospinal fluid are detected, while other methods such as infrared spectroscopy and diffusion tensor tractography still show many concomitant signs among the varieties of MS. Conclusions: Cerebrospinal fluid analysis is the most sensitive criterion for early diagnosis of RRMS.

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Analysis of Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) – Adenosine Deaminase (ADA) in Meningitis

Journal of Evolution of Medical and Dental Sciences ◽

10.14260/jemds/2021/236 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (16) ◽

pp. 1102-1105

Author(s):

Akkamahadevi V. Nipanal ◽

Madhukumar M.H ◽

Nagappa H

Keyword(s):

Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽

Early Diagnosis ◽

Adenosine Deaminase ◽

Viral Meningitis ◽

Tubercular Meningitis ◽

Acid Fast Bacilli ◽

Group I ◽

Adenosine Deaminase Activity ◽

Function Test ◽

The Mean

BACKGROUND Acute infections of the nervous system are generally widespread and cause significant problems in the field medicine and therefore early detection, right decision making, and early initiation of therapy can be lifesaving. Meningitis is the inflammation of the membranes that cover the brain and spinal cord. It is a general clinical problem during infancy and childhood. Delay in differentiating between bacterial, tubercular & viral meningitis and institution of its treatment may have irreparable consequences that lead to significant morbidity & mortality. The present study was conducted to find out the utility of cerebrospinal fluid-adenosine deaminase (CSF-ADA) for the early diagnosis & differentiation of tubercular & viral meningitis in adults. METHODS 50 meningitis patients who met the inclusion criteria were selected. Investigations including complete haemogram, liver function test (LFT), renal function test (RFT), random blood sugar (RBS), serum electrolytes, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) test, chest x-ray and computed tomography (CT) brain (plain) were done. CSF cytology, biochemistry, gram stain, acid-fast bacteria (AFB) stain & culture were done. These cases were further divided in to two groups based on clinical and CSF laboratory findings as group I: tubercular meningitis, group II: viral meningitis. An estimation of CSF-ADA was done in all patients. RESULTS The mean age of the 50 patients studied was 37.76 + 15.58 years, with the maximum number of patients suffering from tubercular meningitis. The incidence of meningitis was more in males. CSF-adenosine deaminase activity was found to be higher in tubercular meningitis, the mean value was 17.67 ± 8.13 IU / L. CONCLUSIONS Assessment of CSF-ADA will be helpful for early diagnosis and differentiation of tubercular and viral meningitis. This is needed when gold standard investigations for meningitis like smear and / or culture for acid fast bacilli are not available or negative or are time consuming. KEY WORDS CSF-Cerebrospinal Fluid, ADA-Adenosine Deaminase, AFB-Acid Fast Bacilli.

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A Protein Microarray-Based Investigation of Cerebrospinal Fluid Reveals Distinct Autoantibody Signature in Low and High-Grade Gliomas

Frontiers in Oncology ◽

10.3389/fonc.2020.543947 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 ◽

Author(s):

Nikita Gahoi ◽

Parvez Syed ◽

Saket Choudhary ◽

Sridhar Epari ◽

Aliasgar Moiyadi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽

Early Diagnosis ◽

Neural Progenitor Cells ◽

Protein Microarray ◽

Delayed Diagnosis ◽

Protein Microarrays ◽

Low Grade ◽

Diagnostic Biomarkers ◽

Healthy Control ◽

Control Samples

Gliomas are one of the most aggressive primary brain tumors arising from neural progenitor cells. Delayed diagnosis, invasive biopsy, and diagnostic challenges stems the need for specific, minimally-invasive, and early diagnostic biomarkers. Tumor-associated (TA) autoantibodies are measurable in the biofluids long before the onset of the symptoms, suggesting their role in early diagnosis and clinical management of the patients. In the current study, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples from patients with low-grade glioma (LGG) and the Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) that characterizes advanced disease were compared with healthy control samples to identify putative TA autoantibodies, using protein microarrays. The CSF samples from LGGs (n = 10), GBM (n = 7) were compared with the control CSF samples (n = 6). Proteins showing significant antigenic response were cross-verified. Proteins NOL4 (a cancer-testis antigen) and KALRN showed an antigenic response in the CSF of GBM patients, whereas, UTP4 and CCDC28A showed an antigenic response in low grade gliomas when compared with the control samples. TA autoantibodies identified in this study from the CSF of the patients could supplement current screening modalities. Further validation of these TA autoantibodies on a larger clinical cohort could provide cues towards relevance of these proteins in early diagnosis of the disease.

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