scholarly journals Relationship between Force and Velocity in Isotonic Knee Extension Exercise:A Preliminary Study for the Selection of the Maximum and Minimum Load

2015 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 225-228 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoshito SUGIURA ◽  
Yasuhiko HATANAKA ◽  
Tomoaki ARAI ◽  
Hiroaki SAKURAI ◽  
Yoshikiyo KANADA
Keyword(s):  
Knee Extension ◽  
Preliminary Study ◽  
Selection Of

The temnospondyl amphibians from the Viséan of East Kirkton, West Lothian, Scotland

1993 ◽  
Vol 84 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 331-361 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. R. Milner ◽  
S. E. K. Sequeira
Keyword(s):  
Sister Group ◽  
Character Distribution ◽  
Preliminary Study ◽  
Upper Jaw ◽  
Selection Of

ABSTRACTA new temnospondyl amphibian Balanerpeton woodi gen. et sp. nov. is represented by over 30 complete or partial skeletons from the Viséan limestones, shales and tuffs in East Kirkton Quarry, Bathgate, near Edinburgh, Scotland. It is the commonest tetrapod represented in the East Kirkton assemblage and grew to about half a metre in length. Although superficially like the later Dendrerpeton, it is more advanced in possessing small premaxillaries each bearing a pronounced alary process, large external nares, large rounded interpterygoid vacuities, broadly bordered by the vomers anteriorly, a narrow vomer-pterygoid suture and a rod-like stapes. It is characterised by an unusual dental configuration in which each dentary bears a smaller number of larger teeth than the corresponding upper jaw ramus. A second probable temnospondyl is represented by two straight ribs of a much larger form.The relationships of basal temnospondyls and other amphibian groups are discussed and it is proposed that the sister-group of the temnospondyls is the Microsauria and that neither colosteids nor Caerorhachis can be considered to be temnospondyls, as both fall outside the temnospondyl-microsaur clade. A preliminary study of character distribution across a selection of primitive temnospondyls, including Balanerpeton, suggests that it is more advanced than the long-snouted Edopoidea and the Dendrerpetontidae despite its Viséan age. This implies that by the Viséan, significant diversification of temnospondyls had taken place.

scholarly journals A Preliminary Study of Dynamic Muscle Function in Hereditary Ataxia

1980 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 367-377 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Richards ◽  
J.P. Bouchard ◽  
R. Bouchard ◽  
H. Barbeau
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Function ◽  
Autosomal Recessive ◽  
Normal Values ◽  
Vastus Lateralis ◽  
Dynamic Strength ◽  
Knee Extension ◽  
Emg Activity ◽  
Isokinetic Contractions ◽  
Preliminary Study ◽  
Antagonistic Muscles

SUMMARY:Dynamic muscle function was evaluated in nine patients with Friedreich's ataxia (FA) and eight with autosomal recessive spastic ataxia of Charlevoix-Saguenay (ARSACS). The measurement of torque throughout maximum voluntary isokinetic knee movements was used to quantitatively describe muscle weakness in the ataxic patients. Both FA and ARSACS patients were shown to have decreased dynamic strength in comparison to normal values during knee extension and flexion movements at 30% /s. In the FA patients a lower torqueproducing capacity was seen in the older patients.The electromyographic (EMG) activity was recorded in lower extremity muscles during the movements. In the vastus lateralis (VL), deviations from the normal EMG activation pattern were described in both groups of patients. A reduced amplitude in the EMG activity in the medial hamstrings (MH) was seen in the majority of the patients. An index of coactivation was defined by comparing the EMG activity when a muscle lengthened (antagonistic) to the EMG activity when the same muscle shortened (agonistic) during the isokinetic contractions. In comparison to normal values increased coactivation indexes were present in the VL and MH in patients of both groups. The characteristics of dynamic muscle strength and the activation of agonistic and antagonistic muscles described in the present study will provide the basis of evaluation for the effects of therapy in these patients.

scholarly journals Effect of Hip Flexion Angle on the Hamstring to Quadriceps Strength Ratio

Sports ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 43
Author(s):  
Eleftherios Kellis ◽  
Athanasios Ellinoudis ◽  
and Nikolaos Kofotolis
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Activation ◽  
Rectus Femoris ◽  
Biceps Femoris ◽  
Knee Extension ◽  
Quadriceps Strength ◽  
Flexion Angle ◽  
Electromyographic Activity ◽  
H:Q Ratio ◽  
Hip Flexion ◽  
Selection Of

The purpose of this study was to compare the hamstring to quadriceps ratio (H:Q) obtained from three different hip flexion angles. Seventy-three young athletes performed maximum isokinetic concentric and eccentric knee extension and flexion efforts at 60 °·s−1 and 240 °·s−1 from hip flexion angles of 90°, 60°, and 120°. The conventional (concentric to concentric), functional (eccentric to concentric) and mixed (eccentric at 30 °·s−1 to concentric torque at 240 °·s−1) H: Q torque ratios and the electromyographic activity from the rectus femoris and biceps femoris were analyzed. The conventional H:Q ratios and the functional H:Q ratios at 60 °·s−1 did not significantly differ between the three testing positions (p > 0.05). In contrast, testing from the 90° hip flexion angle showed a greater functional torque ratio at 240 °·s−1 and a mixed H:Q torque ratio compared with the other two positions (p < 0.05). The hip flexion angle did not influence the recorded muscle activation signals (p > 0.05). For the range of hip flexion angles tested, routine isokinetic assessment of conventional H:Q ratio and functional H:Q ratio at slow speed is not angle-dependent. Should assessment of the functional H:Q ratio at fast angular velocity or the mixed ratio is required, then selection of hip flexion angle is important.

Preliminary Study on Design of Biological Shielding Concrete - Selection of Binder

2016 ◽  
Vol 722 ◽  
pp. 173-177
Author(s):  
Jaroslava Koťátková ◽  
Pavel Reiterman
Keyword(s):  
Blast Furnace ◽  
Blast Furnace Slag ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Blended Cement ◽  
Nuclear Radiation ◽  
Slag Cement ◽  
Volume Changes ◽  
Preliminary Study ◽  
Furnace Slag ◽  
Selection Of

The preliminary study is targeted at the design of different mixtures of biological shielding concrete for later investigation of the effects of nuclear radiation and heat on its durability. The article deals with the investigation of the properties of cement pastes prepared from two different cement types and the selection of the proper binder for biological shielding concrete. Portland cement CEM I 42.5 R was selected as the representative binder of commonly used binder for shielding concrete (e. g. in the Czech nuclear power plant Temelín) and Portland blast furnace slag cement CEM II/B-S 32.5 was chosen for its anticipated better performance. Mechanical properties and volume changes in time were studied on two sets of samples – stored in laboratory conditions, resp. in water. Results revealed higher flexural strength for pastes made from CEM II/B-S 32.5 for both storage conditions and also slightly higher compressive strength. Higher differences between the values of single samples measured in time referred to a postponed hydration process of the blended cement, which is important for slower heat evolution and lower shrinkage. The measurement of volume changes proved the expected better performance of CEM II/B-S 32.5 in terms of shrinkage. From the obtained results, the Portland blast furnace slag cement CEM II/B-S 32.5 was evaluated as the better alternative for biological shielding concrete binder.

scholarly journals Plant Characteristics for Green Wall Systems

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 77-80
Author(s):  
Endah Budi Irawati ◽  
Basuki
Keyword(s):  
Ornamental Plants ◽  
Green Wall ◽  
Surrounding Environment ◽  
Fresh Food ◽  
Green Walls ◽  
Plant Characteristics ◽  
Preliminary Study ◽  
Vertical Planting ◽  
Wall System ◽  
Selection Of

This research is a preliminary study of planting ornamental plants with a green wall system. This study aims to provide an overview and information about the selection of types of plants that are suitable and commonly used in making green walls and arranging selected plants in green walls system. Green wall system which is often called vertical garden is a technique to plant ornamental plants, vegetables or other types of plants with a free design that considers various resources that allow plants to grow vertically. The advantages of green walls are efficient use of soil, beautifying the environment, adding location value, cleaning the air, lowering temperature, producing oxygen and providing fresh food that is close to the surrounding environment at home. Not all types of plants can be planted vertically. Easy-to-grow plants, short appearance and slow growth are common characteristics used for green walls. The special characters of the selected plants are determined based on the group of indoor or outdoor plants. Consideration of nutritional, light, water and plant requirements will determine the success of planting and the sustainability of vertical planting.

scholarly journals PRELIMINARY STUDY OF LARVAL DEVELOPMENT Oryzias javanicus IN INDONESIA

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 105
Author(s):  
Rachma Puspitasari ◽  
. Suratno
Keyword(s):  
High Salinity ◽  
Larval Fish ◽  
Coastal Region ◽  
Test Organism ◽  
Hatching Rate ◽  
Oryzias Javanicus ◽  
Test Organisms ◽  
Preliminary Study ◽  
Hatching Eggs ◽  
Selection Of

<p><em>Java medaka </em><em><span style="text-decoration: underline;">Oryzias</span> <span style="text-decoration: underline;">javanicus</span> potentially developed as test organism, represents the coastal region because it has a high adaptability in freshwater, brackishwater and marine environments. Utilization of it as a test organism has some obstacles such as lack of number of test organisms with same size or age. The fulfillment of number can be solved if the test organism is cultivated exclusively in the laboratory. This study was a preliminary study to get information about suitable salinity for spawning and hatching. Parameter observed were spawning ability in 0 and 20 ppt and hatching rate of egg among 0. 15 and 30 ppt and development of larval fish in 0 ppt. Result indicated that the fish was be able to spawn in 0 and 20 ppt. Eggs were hatched within 9 days in 30 ppt, faster than in freshwater and 15 ppt. In general, O. javanicus was be able to spawn either in freshwater or seawater, but there are differences in the behavior of fish in the laying of egg. Fish will carried their eggs in the abdomen in freshwater, while 20 ppt salinity fish tends to release the eggs. O. javanicus be able to live and lay eggs on freshwater and seawater. Selection of salinity is adjusted to test requirement in egg phase, pascalarva or adult. In general, breeding of fish easier and faster done in fresh water while hatching eggs take place more quickly in high salinity.</em></p><p><em><br /></em></p><p><strong><em>Keywords: </em></strong><em>Indonesia, Java Medaka, <span style="text-decoration: underline;">Oryzias</span> <span style="text-decoration: underline;">javanicus</span>, test organism</em><strong><em></em></strong></p>

scholarly journals A PRELIMINARY REVIEW ON TRANSACTION COST COMPONENTS WITHIN THE BIM ADOPTED PROCUREMENTS

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 161-167
Author(s):  
Toh Ka Bean ◽  
Muzani Mustapa ◽  
Fara Diva Mustapa
Keyword(s):  
Information Modeling ◽  
Organizational Dynamics ◽  
Preliminary Review ◽  
Economic Sectors ◽  
Construction Disputes ◽  
Project Costs ◽  
Building Information ◽  
Preliminary Study ◽  
Slow Technology ◽  
Selection Of

The Malaysian construction industry although it plays a crucial function in stimulating the economy, is lagging behind other economic sectors. This is due to its unique characteristics such as fragmentation and slow technology adoption. These very characteristics make the industry susceptible to construction disputes. Construction disputes were found to incur high transaction costs (TCs), affect the parties involved, and subsequently increase overall project costs. Because TCs measure the costs that incur from transaction activities, they can be used to better understand the benefits within each transaction. Additionally, TCs are the best mechanism for analysing the ‘unseen’ costs of construction procurement. Previous studies on the traditional, design-and-build, and public private partnership (PPP) procurement methods have demonstrated TCs affect the organizational dynamics of construction and selection of procurement. The emerging Building Information Modeling (BIM) technology is said to be beneficial in addressing the problems associated with disputes and overall project costs. Consequently, many projects embark on BIM adoption in procurement. Hence, this preliminary study seeks to identify the TCs of BIM-adopted procurement by employing a structured literature review to determine the components and activities within the BIM procurement within the BIM implementation. The initial framework for the components of TCs of BIM procurement was drafted by referring to RIBA Plan of Work with BIM overlay. The components are categorised into pre-contract and post-contract components. These components can serve as the basis for developing a framework that can serve as a guideline for construction players involved in managing the TCs of BIM procurement.

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