Estimation of Isometric Peak Torque in Knee Extension Using the Relationship between Force and Velocity: A Preliminary Study for the Selection of Angular Velocity and Joint Torque

Purpose:While several studies have documented isokinetic knee strength in junior and senior rugby league players, investigations of isokinetic knee and hip strength in professional rugby union players are limited. The purpose of this study was to provide lower-extremity strength profiles and compare isokinetic knee and hip strength of professional rugby league and rugby union players.Participants:32 professional rugby league and 25 professional rugby union players.Methods:Cross-sectional analysis. Isokinetic dynamometry was used to evaluate peak torque and strength ratios of the dominant and nondominant legs during seated knee-extension/flexion and supine hip-extension/flexion actions at 60°/s.Results:Forwards from both codes were taller and heavier and had a higher body-mass index than the backs of each code. Rugby union forwards produced significantly (P < .05) greater peak torque during knee flexion in the dominant and nondominant legs (ES = 1.81 and 2.02) compared with rugby league forwards. Rugby league backs produced significantly greater hip-extension peak torque in the dominant and nondominant legs (ES = 0.83 and 0.77) compared with rugby union backs. There were no significant differences in hamstring-to-quadriceps ratios between code, position, or leg. Rugby union forwards and backs produced significantly greater knee-flexion-to-hip-extension ratios in the dominant and nondominant legs (ES = 1.49–2.26) than rugby union players.Conclusions:It seems that the joint torque profiles of players from rugby league and union codes differ, which may be attributed to the different demands of each code.

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The relationships between knee extensors/ flexors strength and balance control in elite male soccer players

PeerJ ◽

10.7717/peerj.12461 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 ◽

pp. e12461

Author(s):

Robert Śliwowski ◽

Jakub Marynowicz ◽

Łukasz Jadczak ◽

Monika Grygorowicz ◽

Paweł Kalinowski ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Angular Velocity ◽

Balance Control ◽

Peak Torque ◽

Soccer Players ◽

Knee Extensors ◽

Measurement Tool ◽

Strength Performance ◽

Angular Velocities ◽

Postural System ◽

The Relationship

Background Strength and balance are important factors for soccer players to be successful. This study’s aim was to determine the relationship between lower-limb muscle strength and balance control in elite male soccer players (n = 77). Methods Concentric isokinetic strength (peak torque of quadriceps (PT-Q) and hamstrings (PT-H), hamstrings/quadriceps (H/Q) ratio) was measured for the dominant and non-dominant leg at angular velocities of 60°s−1and 240°s−1, as well as the total work for extensors (TW-Q) and flexors (TW-H) for both legs (at an angular velocity of 240°s−1only). Balance score (BAL score) was used for unilateral assessment of balance control using a Delos Postural System Test measurement tool. Hierarchical multiple regression analyses were performed to predict balance control using isokinetic knee strength performance for dominant and non-dominant legs. Results Final modelling included peak torque of hamstrings at 240°s−1 and peak torque of the quadriceps at 240°s−1 for the non-dominant leg (R2 = 19.6%; p ≤ 0.001) and only peak hamstring torque at 240°s−1 for the dominant leg (R2 = 11.3%; p = 0.003) as significant predictors of balance score. Conclusion Findings indicate that balance control is widely influenced by peak hamstring torque and peak quadriceps torque at high angular velocity particularly in the non-dominant leg i.e., the supporting leg in soccer players.

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What Determines the Magnitude of the Q Angle? A Preliminary Study of Selected Skeletal and Muscular Measures

Journal of Sport Rehabilitation ◽

10.1123/jsr.9.1.26 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 26-34 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Timo Byl ◽

Jennifer A. Cole ◽

Lori A. Livingston

Keyword(s):

Outcome Measures ◽

Peak Torque ◽

Knee Extension ◽

Quadriceps Strength ◽

Femur Length ◽

Q Angle ◽

Preliminary Study ◽

The Right ◽

Knee Extension Exercise

Context:Q-angle size has been found to correlate poorly with skeletal measures of pelvic breadth and femur length. Because the patella is exposed to the forces of quadriceps contraction, muscular forces might also affect Q-angle magnitude.Objective:To compare bilateral measurements of the Q angle with selected skeletal and muscular strength measures.Design:In vivo study of anthropometric and quadriceps peak torque measures.Setting:Research laboratory.Participants:Thirty-four healthy men and women, mean age 20.9 ± 2.7 years.Main Outcome Measures:Q angles, pelvic breadths, femur lengths, and peak torque during dynamic knee-extension exercise, normalized to body weight.Results:Significant differences in Q-angle magnitude, femur length, and peak torqueBW were observed between sexes, but not between limbs. Pelvic breadth did not differ significantly between sexes. Correlational analysis revealed a weak, yet significant, linear relationship between Q angle and peak torqueBW in the right lower limb.Conclusions:These findings lend some support to the notion that Q-angle magnitude is inversely related to quadriceps strength.

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Estimations of One Repetition Maximum and Isometric Peak Torque in Knee Extension Based on the Relationship Between Force and Velocity

The Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research ◽

10.1519/jsc.0000000000001187 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 30 (4) ◽

pp. 980-988 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Yoshito Sugiura ◽

Yasuhiko Hatanaka ◽

Tomoaki Arai ◽

Hiroaki Sakurai ◽

Yoshikiyo Kanada

Keyword(s):

Peak Torque ◽

Knee Extension ◽

Repetition Maximum ◽

The Relationship

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Relationship between Force and Velocity in Isotonic Knee Extension Exercise:A Preliminary Study for the Selection of the Maximum and Minimum Load

Rigakuryoho Kagaku ◽

10.1589/rika.30.225 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 30 (2) ◽

pp. 225-228 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Yoshito SUGIURA ◽

Yasuhiko HATANAKA ◽

Tomoaki ARAI ◽

Hiroaki SAKURAI ◽

Yoshikiyo KANADA

Keyword(s):

Knee Extension ◽

Preliminary Study ◽

Selection Of

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Relationships Between Isokinetic Shoulder Evaluation and Fitness Characteristics of Elite French Female Water-Polo Players

Journal of Human Kinetics ◽

10.1515/hukin-2017-0181 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 64 (1) ◽

pp. 5-11 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Nicolas Olivier ◽

Frédéric N. Daussin

Keyword(s):

Angular Velocity ◽

Swimming Performance ◽

Peak Torque ◽

Swimming Velocity ◽

Front Crawl ◽

Dry Land ◽

Water Polo ◽

Adductor Muscles ◽

High Level ◽

The Relationship

Abstract Swimming and throwing are involved in water-polo player performance. These movements have a common biomechanical basis in the use of the internal shoulder rotation and adductor muscles. The aim of the study was to evaluate the relationship between shoulder isokinetic evaluation and throwing velocity as well as swimming performance in female water-polo players. Fifteen high level water-polo players completed two isokinetic shoulder evaluations to determine peak torque of shoulder rotators of the dominant shoulder (concentric and eccentric movements at an angular velocity of 60°·s-1 and concentric movements at an angular velocity of 240°·s-1) and shoulder extensors of both arms (concentric movements at an angular velocity of 60°·s-1 and 240°·s-1). Throwing velocity was measured using a radar gun placed 5 m behind the goal post. Front crawl swimming velocity was determined at 25 m, 100 m and 400 m distances. Concentric peak torque at 60°·s-1 and 240°·s-1 of internal rotators and eccentric peak torque at 60°·s-1 of external rotators were predictors of throwing velocity. The best model to explain the relationship between isokinetic evaluations and throwing velocity was obtained with concentric IR peak torque at 60°·s-1 and eccentric ER peak torque at 60°·s-1 (r2 = 0.52, p = 0.012). Relative total work done and peak torque of shoulder extensors were predictors of 25 m swimming velocity. Shoulder isokinetic evaluations correlate significantly with swimming performance and throwing velocity of female water-polo players. The results may help coaches to develop new strategies such as eccentric dry land training programs to increase both shoulder external rotators strength and throwing velocity.

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Are isokinetic leg torques and kick velocity reliable predictors for competitive success in taekwondo athletes?

10.1101/2020.06.19.161158 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Pedro Vieira Sarmet Moreira ◽

Coral Falco ◽

Luciano Luporini Menegaldo ◽

Márcio Fagundes Goethel ◽

Leandro Vinhas de Paula ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Peak Torque ◽

Knee Extension ◽

Group Differences ◽

Hip Abduction ◽

Competitive Success ◽

Expertise Level ◽

Hip Flexion ◽

The Relationship ◽

Hip Extension ◽

Flexion And Extension

AbstractThe aim of the study was to analyzed the relationship between isokinetic knee and hip peak torques and Roundhouse-kick velocities and expertise level (Elite vs. Subelite) of Taekwondo athletes. Seven elite and seven sub-elite athletes were tested for kick kinematic, power of impact and for isokinetic peak torque (PT) at slow (60°/s) and high (240°/s) concentric mode. PTs were compared between groups and correlated with the data of kick performance. It was found inter-group differences in hip flexors and extensors PT at the isokinetic fast speed. The hip flexion PT at 60°/s and 240°/s were negatively correlated with the kick time (R = −0.46, and R = −0.62, respectively). Hip flexion torque at 60°/s was also positively correlated (R = 0.52) with the peak of linear velocity of the foot (LVF) and the power of impact (R = 0.51). Peak torque of hip extension at 60°/s and hip abduction at 240°/s were correlated with the LVF (R= 0.56 and R = 0.46). Discriminant analysis presented an accuracy of 85.7% in predicting expertise level based on fast torques of hip flexion and extension and on the knee extension velocity during the kick. This study demonstrated that hip muscles strength is probably the dominant muscular factor for determining kick performance. Knee angular velocity combined with hip torques are the best discriminators for the competitive level in taekwondo athletes.

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The Relationship between Lower Extremity Isokinetic Work and Single-Leg Functional Hop-Work Test

Journal of Sport Rehabilitation ◽

10.1123/jsr.15.2.95 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 15 (2) ◽

pp. 95-104 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Robert English ◽

Mary Brannock ◽

Wan Ting Chik ◽

Laura S. Eastwood ◽

Tim Uhl

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Lower Extremity ◽

Outcome Measures ◽

Study Design ◽

Peak Torque ◽

Knee Extension ◽

Isokinetic Strength ◽

Total Work ◽

Lower Extremity Strength ◽

The Relationship

Context:Lower extremity functional testing assesses strength, power, and neuro-muscular control. There are only moderate correlations between distance hopped and isokinetic strength measures.Objective:Determine if incorporating body weight in the single-leg hop for distance increases the correlation to isokinetic measures.Study Design:Correlational study.Setting:Musculoskeletal laboratory.Participants:30 healthy college students; 15 men and 15 women; ages 18 to 30 years.Main Outcome Measures:Isokinetic average peak torque and total work of quadriceps and hamstrings and single-leg hop work and distance.Results:Significant correlations include hop work to total-work knee extension (r= .89), average peak-torque knee extension (r= .88), distance hopped to total-work knee extension (r= .56) and average peak-torque knee extension (r= .63). Correlations involving hop work were greater than distance hopped (P< .05).Conclusions:Use of body weight in the assessment of distance hopped provides better information about the patient’s lower extremity strength and ability than the distance hopped alone.

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A Preliminary Study of the Effects of Verbal Motivation on Maximal Isokinetic Torque Production in Children with Varying Personality Types

Pediatric Exercise Science ◽

10.1123/pes.17.4.329 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 17 (4) ◽

pp. 329-336 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

J. Wesley McWhorter ◽

Merrill Landers ◽

Harvey Wallmann ◽

Beth Altenburger

Keyword(s):

Peak Torque ◽

Knee Extension ◽

Personality Types ◽

Mixed Anova ◽

Generating Capacity ◽

Isokinetic Torque ◽

Preliminary Study ◽

Post Hoc ◽

Isokinetic Peak Torque ◽

Better Than

This study investigated the effects of verbal motivation on isokinetic peak torque knee extension in children with two distinct personality types (introvert versus extrovert). The subjects were tested in three groups without verbal motivation, with verbal motivation from the tester, and with verbal motivation from the tester and the other participants. A 2 − 3 mixed ANOVA was significant for interaction (p < .001). Post-hoc testing for the introverted group revealed that scores without verbal motivation were significantly higher than with verbal motivation, and the extroverted group scores were higher with verbal motivation. T tests revealed that the extroverted group performed significantly better than the introverted group with verbal motivation (p < .05). Results suggest that verbal motivation has a varying effect on isokinetic torque generating capacity in children with different personality types.

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Transferability between Isolated Joint Torques and a Maximum Polyarticular Task: A Preliminary Study

Journal of Human Kinetics ◽

10.1515/hukin-2015-0136 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 50 (1) ◽

pp. 5-14

Author(s):

Antony Costes ◽

David Villeger ◽

Pierre Moretto ◽

Bruno Watier

Keyword(s):

Angular Velocity ◽

Significant Relationship ◽

Inverse Dynamics ◽

Knee Extension ◽

Maximum Power ◽

Joint Torque ◽

Joint Torques ◽

Flexion Extension ◽

Angular Velocities ◽

Flexion And Extension

AbstractThe aims of this study were to determine if isolated maximum joint torques and joint torques during a maximum polyarticular task (i.e. cycling at maximum power) are correlated despite joint angle and velocity discrepancies, and to assess if an isolated joint-specific torque production capability at slow angular velocity is related to cycling power. Nine cyclists completed two different evaluations of their lower limb maximum joint torques. Maximum Isolated Torques were assessed on isolated joint movements using an isokinetic ergometer and Maximum Pedalling Torques were calculated at the ankle, knee and hip for flexion and extension by inverse dynamics during cycling at maximum power. A correlation analysis was made between Maximum Isolated Torques and respective Maximum Pedalling Torques [3 joints x (flexion + extension)], showing no significant relationship. Only one significant relationship was found between cycling maximum power and knee extension Maximum Isolated Torque (r=0.68, p<0.05). Lack of correlations between isolated joint torques measured at slow angular velocity and the same joint torques involved in a polyarticular task shows that transfers between both are not direct due to differences in joint angular velocities and in mono-articular versus poly articular joint torque production capabilities. However, this study confirms that maximum power in cycling is correlated with slow angular velocity mono-articular maximum knee extension torque.

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