scholarly journals First report of multiple anthelmintic resistance in nematodes of sheep in Colombia

2016 ◽  
Vol 88 (1) ◽  
pp. 397-402 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos M.B. Gárcia ◽  
Lew K. Sprenger ◽  
Efraín B. Ortiz ◽  
Marcelo B. Molento
Keyword(s):  
Multidrug Resistance ◽  
Haemonchus Contortus ◽  
Anthelmintic Resistance ◽  
Gastrointestinal Nematodes ◽  
The Other ◽  
First Report ◽  
Reduction Test ◽  
Anthelmintic Efficacy ◽  
Faecal Egg Count ◽  
First Time

This study aimed to report the presence of parasites resistant to the most used anthelmintic drugs in sheep in Colombia. Four farms (denominated farm 1, 2, 3 and 4) were selected where the animals were not treated with anthelmintics for two months before the trial. Animals with faecal egg count (FEC) above 150 and of different ages were allocated into six groups, each consisting of at least 5 animals. The drugs and dosages used were: ivermectin 1% (0.2 mg/kg), albendazole 25% (5 mg/kg), fenbendazole 10% (5 mg/kg), levamisole 10% (5 mg/kg), and moxidectin 1% (0.2 mg/kg). Anthelmintic efficacy was determined by the FEC reduction test (FECRT) with a second sampling 14 days post-treatment. The efficacy of albendazole and fenbendazole at farm 1 was above 95%, which was different from the others farms. The FECRT indicated the presence of multidrug resistance in the other farms where no tested drugs showed activity higher than 79% (albendazole: 0 to 55%, fenbendazole: 51.4 to 76.6%, ivermectin: 67.3 to 93.1%, levamisole: 0 to 78.1%, and moxidectin: 49.2 to 64.1%).Haemonchus contortus was the predominant (96%) species, followed by a small presence of Trichostrongylus sp. (3%) andCooperia sp. (1%). Therefore, we report for the first time the existence of multiple anthelmintic resistance in gastrointestinal nematodes of sheep in Colombia.

scholarly journals MULTIDRUG RESISTANCE OF SHEEP GASTROINTESTINAL NEMATODES IN BAKRAJO DISTRICT, NORTH IRAQ TO ALBENDAZOLE, IVERMECTIN, AND LEVAMISOLE

2021 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 932-940
Author(s):  
Othman & Qader
Keyword(s):  
Multidrug Resistance ◽  
Untreated Control ◽  
Anthelmintic Resistance ◽  
Gastrointestinal Nematodes ◽  
The Other ◽  
Reduction Test ◽  
Fecal Egg Count ◽  
North Iraq

A survey including 25 sheep farms in Bakrajo District, Sulaymaniyah, Iraq, was conducted to determine anthelmintic resistance (AR) against albendazole, ivermectin, and levamisole. Fecal Egg Count Reduction Test (FECRT) was used to accomplish this goal. Forty 6–24 month-old sheep of mixed sexes were selected from each farm and randomly divided into four groups. One group served as the untreated control, and the other groups orally administered the recommended doses of the tested drugs. Multidrug resistance against all three drugs was present in 8 of 25 farms (32%). Also, resistance to albendazole and ivermectin was detected on one farm. Albendazole was the most effective anthelmintic agent. Resistance to ivermectin was significantly higher than levamisole and albendazole. Larval cultures revealed that Trichostrongylus spp., Nematodirus spp., and Trichuris spp. were the prevalent gastrointestinal nematodes in the study area. The nematode genera were also detected in the posttreatment larval cultures. It is concluded that AR to albendazole, ivermectin, and levamisole is widespread in sheep in Bakrajo District, north Iraq. This resistance is mainly caused by the emergence of resistant Trichostrongylus and Nematodirus spp.

scholarly journals A survey of anthelmintic resistance on ten sheep farms in Mashonaland East Province, Zimbabwe : research communication

1997 ◽  
Vol 68 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Mukaratirwa ◽  
R. Charakupa ◽  
T. Hove
Keyword(s):  
Haemonchus Contortus ◽  
Anthelmintic Resistance ◽  
Anthelmintic Treatment ◽  
Nematode Parasite ◽  
Parasite Control ◽  
First Report ◽  
Research Communication ◽  
Reduction Test ◽  
Nematode Parasites ◽  
Faecal Egg Count

A survey to detect anthelmintic resistance in nematode parasites of sheep was conducted on 10 randomly-distributed farms in the Chivhu District, Mashonaland East Province, Zimbabwe. Before the survey, a questionnaire was circulated to the farmers concerning nematode parasite control. Results showed that parasite control using anthelmintic treatment was the only method practised and that the benzimidazoles were the most frequently used anthelmintic drugs. The faecal egg count reduction test was used to detect resistance. The anthelmintic groups tested were benzimidazoles, levamisole and ivermectin. Resistance to benzimidazoles was detected on 6 of 10 farms and levamisole resistance on 2 of 3 farms. Ivermectin resistance was not observed on the farms surveyed. Post-treatment larval cultures indicated that Haemonchus contortus survived administration of fenbendazole, albendazole, oxfendazole and levamisole. A Cooperia sp. strain resistant to albendazole was detected and this is the first report in Zimbabwe of a resistant parasite in this genus.

scholarly journals Comparitive efficacy of five anthelmintics against trichostrongylid nematodes in sheep

2006 ◽  
Vol 86 (4) ◽  
pp. 471-477 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hafiz Abubakar Saddiqi ◽  
Abdul Jabbar ◽  
Zafar Iqbal ◽  
Wasim Babar ◽  
Zia-ud-Din Sindhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Anthelmintic Resistance ◽  
Gastrointestinal Nematodes ◽  
Untreated Group ◽  
Worm Count ◽  
Reduction Test ◽  
Faecal Egg Count ◽  
Faecal Egg Counts ◽  
Prevalent Species

The efficacy of levamisole, ivermectin and three different preparations of oxfendazole, applied at the recommended rate, were evaluated in flocks of sheep kept at two farms in Thal desert, Pakistan. Sixty animals on each farm were selected randomly on the basis of their weight and egg count of more than 150 eggs per gram of faeces. Three preparations of oxfendazole (fendamex, oxazole, syatamex), levamisole and ivermectin were given to five groups while one untreated group was kept as control. Faecal egg counts, faecal egg count reduction test, postmortem worm count and copro-culture were performed to assess the efficacy of selected anthelmintics. Levamisole and ivermectin preparations reduced (P ≤ 0.05) prevalent species of gastrointestinal nematodes in both flocks. Oxfendazole preparations exhibited low efficacy and some gastrointestinal nematodes (Haemonchus and Trichostrongylus) were suspected for resistance against these preparations, with resistance more pronounced in oxazole followed by systamex and fendamex. It was concluded that all oxfendazole preparations had low efficacy with suspicion for anthelmintic resistance while levamisole and ivermectin had reasonable effectiveness against prevalent gastrointestinal nematodes of sheep kept in Thal desert, Pakistan. Key words: Anthelmintic, resistance, gastrointestinal nematodes, sheep, Pakistan

scholarly journals Increasing resistance to multiple anthelmintic classes in nematodes including Haemonchus contortus on sheep farms in Southwest England.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
K Bull ◽  
M. J. Glover ◽  
H. Rose Vineer ◽  
E. R. Morgan
Keyword(s):  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Haemonchus Contortus ◽  
Anthelmintic Resistance ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Treatment Resistance ◽  
R Package ◽  
Gastrointestinal Nematodes ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Mixed Species ◽  
Faecal Egg Count

Abstract Background: Anthelmintic resistance (AR) in gastrointestinal nematodes (GIN) is increasing globally and farmers are encouraged to adopt sustainable control measures. Haemonchus contortus is increasingly reported in the UK, potentially complicating effective GIN control. Methods: Faecal egg count reduction tests (FECRT) were conducted on 13 farms in North Devon, England, UK in 2016. Relative abundance of H. contortus was quantified using peanut agglutinin (PNA) staining and used to estimate faecal egg count reduction percentages (FECR%) using the egg Counts R package. Results: On average, farms had GIN resistance to three anthelmintic classes. No farms had susceptibility to all anthelmintics tested. AR was more prevalent in 2016 than on the same farms in 2013. Haemonchus contortus was present on 85% of the farms tested and comprised on average 6% (0-52%) of GIN eggs before treatment. Resistance or suspected resistance was observed in this species to all anthelmintics tested, on different farms. Conclusion: The results demonstrate diversity of AR profiles on farms, progression of anthelmintic resistance within a 3-year period, and challenges detecting AR in mixed species infections. Where possible, interpretation of mixed-species FECRT should take into account the relative abundance of species pre- and post-treatment to identify pragmatic treatment options targeting individual genera.

scholarly journals Anthelmintic Drugs Resistance of Gastrointestinal Nematodes of Naturally Infected Goats in Haramaya, Ethiopia

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anteneh Wondimu ◽  
Yehualashet Bayu
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Investigation ◽  
Treatment Group ◽  
Confidence Limit ◽  
Anthelmintic Resistance ◽  
Nematode Resistance ◽  
Gastrointestinal Nematodes ◽  
Gastrointestinal Parasites ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Reduction Test ◽  
Faecal Egg Count

Abstract Gastrointestinal parasites and their anthelmintic resistance are major constraints to goat production in Ethiopia. Experimental investigation by faecal egg count reduction test (FECRT) and larval cultures were used to assess the occurrence of anthelmintic resistance in naturally infected goats with gastrointestinal nematodes (GIN) in Haramaya, Ethiopia. One hundred goats with a minimum of 150 eggs per gram (EPG) count were selected and randomly divided into five groups; 20 goats in each group; four treated and one untreated group. The result of the faecal egg count reduction test percentage (FECRT%) and the lower 95% confidence limit showed the presence of anthelmintic resistance for all tested drugs except tetramisole. FECRT% and lower 95% confidence limit were 69.9% and 36.9 for albendazole, 84.3% and 66.1 for tetraclozan, 95.7% and 87.4 for tetramisole and 71.1% and 38.2 for ivermectin respectively. Trichostrongylus, Teladorsagia and Haemonchus showed anthelmintic resistance for tested drugs. Coproculture from different treatment group revealed Trichostrongylus (69.2% in ivermectin and 59.6% in albendazole) were the predominant nematode followed by Teladorsagia (21.9% in albendazole and 14.7% in ivermectin). In tetraclozan treatment group, Trichostrongylus (42%) and Teladorsagia (41.3%) were comparable, followed by Haemonchus (13%). In group treated with tetramisole, Teladorsagia (54.3%) were the most frequently detected nematode followed by Trichostrongylus (25.7%) and Haemonchus (11.4%). Therefore, this study demonstrated the presence of multi-drug resistant nematodes that may limit the productivity of goats. Moreover, further studies covering wider areas of Ethiopia and mechanisms of nematode resistance need to be studied in future.

scholarly journals Epidemiology and Multidrug Resistance of Strongyle Nematodes in Ordos Merino Sheep

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ledege Eye ◽  
Jiya Wuen ◽  
Xiuling He ◽  
Buhe Buyin ◽  
Ying Hai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Haemonchus Contortus ◽  
Anthelmintic Resistance ◽  
Severe Infection ◽  
Nematode Species ◽  
Gastrointestinal Nematodes ◽  
Infection Rates ◽  
Merino Sheep ◽  
Predominant Species ◽  
Anthelmintic Efficacy ◽  
Nematode Eggs

Abstract Background: Regular whole-flock treatments and long-term use of similar anthelmintics have led to the development of anthelmintic resistance and widespread epidemics of nematodiasis in sheep. This study was performed to understand the prevalence of gastrointestinal nematodes in Ordos Merino sheep and evaluate the efficacy of currently used anthelmintics. Results: Between March 2017 and April 2019, a total of 4014 fresh fecal samples were collected from sheep, and fecal nematode eggs were qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed to understand the prevalence of sheep nematodiasis. The anthelmintic efficacy of currently used drugs was evaluated in naturally infected sheep. Severe infection by gastrointestinal nematodes was observed in the Ordos Merino sheep. The infection rates of the nematodes in 3 consecutive years were 84.3%, 36.9%, and 42.3%. Haemonchus contortus and Nematodirus sp. were the predominant nematode species, with infection rates of 84.3% and 65.6%, respectively, in 2017. Moreover, these species had acquired high resistance to ivermectin, doramectin, albendazole, and levamisole; the fecal egg count reduction percentages were 6.9%, 1.7%, 3.5%, and 79.0%, respectively, after a single administration. Nitroxynil and closantel showed strong anthelmintic efficacy against the predominant species Haemonchus contortus and other nematodes, but they had almost no effect on Nematodirus sp. Conclusions: The prevalence of gastrointestinal nematodes in Ordos Merino sheep and their resistance to commonly used anthelmintics were comprehensively evaluated, and the drugs with high efficacy against the predominant species were identified. The findings of this study will provide a good foundation for the appropriate use of anthelmintics.

Assessment of anthelmintic efficacy against cattle gastrointestinal nematodes in western France and southern Italy

2020 ◽  
Vol 94 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Chartier ◽  
N. Ravinet ◽  
A. Bosco ◽  
E. Dufourd ◽  
M. Gadanho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Lower Limit ◽  
Southern Italy ◽  
Anthelmintic Resistance ◽  
Gastrointestinal Nematodes ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
Arithmetic Means ◽  
Anthelmintic Efficacy ◽  
Faecal Egg Count ◽  
Cattle Farms

Abstract Our objective was to measure the efficacy of ivermectin (IVM) and benzimidazoles (BZ, i.e. fenbendazole and albendazole) in 15 cattle farms in western France and southern Italy. A total of 11 groups were treated with IVM and 11 with BZ. Efficacy was assessed by calculating the percentage of faecal egg count reduction (%FECR) using the pre- and post-treatment arithmetic means. Anthelmintic resistance was considered to be present when the %FECR was <95% and the lower limit of the 95% confidence interval <90%. For IVM, the percentages of FECR ranged from 73% to 100%. Lack of efficacy to IVM was detected in two farms out of four in France, but was not detected in any of the seven farms in Italy. For BZ, the percentages of FECR ranged from 95% to 100%. No case of BZ resistance was detected in the five farms in France and the six farms in Italy.

scholarly journals Resistance of gastrointestinal nematodes to anthelmintics in sheep (Ovis aries)

2004 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vanete Thomaz-Soccol ◽  
Felipe Pohl de Souza ◽  
Cristina Sotomaior ◽  
Edilene Alcântara Castro ◽  
Viviane Milczewski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Haemonchus Contortus ◽  
Anthelmintic Resistance ◽  
Natural Infection ◽  
Gastrointestinal Nematodes ◽  
Ovis Aries ◽  
Multiple Resistance ◽  
Trichostrongylus Colubriformis ◽  
Infective Larvae ◽  
Reduction Test ◽  
Fecal Egg Count

The fecal egg count reduction test (FECRT) was used in a survey for anthelmintic resistance in 42 sheep farms, in five different regions in Paraná State, Brazil between July 1996 - July 2000. Animals with natural infection were tested. Five drugs were used individually or in combination - benzimidazole, imidazothiazole, ivermectin, milbemicina and closantel. Results showed that the prevalence of resistance to all anthelmintic was as high as 88.1% for benzimidazoles (oxfendazole), 78.6% for ivermectin, 56.4% for closantel, 38.7% for closantel + oxfendazole, 38% for levamisole, and 23.6% for moxidectin. There was multiple resistance in all tested farms. The most important infective larvae recovered from culture were Haemonchus contortus and Trichostrongylus colubriformis. The failure of the existing drugs in the State of Paraná is considered an important issue. Some proposals to improve the situation are suggested which include a change of attitude on anthelmintic use by sheepherders, veterinarians and sanitary authorities.

Effect of Jatropha curcas Latex on L3 Haemonchus contortus Larval Motility

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Noorzaid Muhamad ◽  
Syahirah Sazeli ◽  
Resni Mona ◽  
Jannathul Firdous
Keyword(s):  
Larvicidal Activity ◽  
Jatropha Curcas ◽  
Haemonchus Contortus ◽  
Anthelmintic Resistance ◽  
Small Ruminants ◽  
Gastrointestinal Nematodes ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
Plants Extract

The anthelmintic resistance has limited the control of gastrointestinal nematodes of small ruminants and thus has awakened interest in the study of plants extract as a source of anthelmintics. These experiments were carried out to evaluate the in vitro efficacy of Jatrophacurcas latex extract against Haemonchuscontortus larval motility. To evaluate the larvicidal activity, H.contortus L3 were incubated with the extracts with varying concentration of 5 mg/mL, 10 mg/mL, 15 mg/mL and 20 mg/mL at 27°C for 48, 72 and 96 hrs. The results were subjected to the Kruskal-Wallis test (P less than 0.05). The extracts showed dose-dependent larvicidal effects. These results suggest that J.curcas can be used to control gastrointestinal nematodes of small ruminants.

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