scholarly journals HEAVY METALS IN VINEYARDS AND ORCHARD SOILS

2017 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
GUSTAVO BRUNETTO ◽  
PAULO ADEMAR AVELAR FERREIRA ◽  
GEORGE WELLINGTON MELO ◽  
CARLOS ALBERTO CERETTA ◽  
MORENO TOSELLI
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Cover Crops ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Soil Cover ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Fruit Trees ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Agronomic Practices ◽  
Present Information ◽  
Orchard Soils

ABSTRACT The application of foliar fungicides in vineyards and orchards can increase soil concentration of heavy metals such as copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn), up to the toxicity threshold for fruit trees and cover crops. However, some agronomic practices, such as liming, addition of organic fertilizers, cultivation of soil cover crops and inoculation of young plants with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi can decrease the availability and the potential of heavy metal toxicity to fruit trees. This review aims to compile and present information about the effects of increasing concentrations of heavy metals, especially Cu and Zn, on soils cultivated with fruit trees and provides some agronomic practices of remediation. Information about the sources of heavy metals found in soils cultivated with fruit trees are presented; mechanisms of absorption, transport, accumulation and potential toxicity to plants are described.

scholarly journals Soil Fungal Resources in Annual Cropping Systems and Their Potential for Management

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Walid Ellouze ◽  
Ahmad Esmaeili Taheri ◽  
Luke D. Bainard ◽  
Chao Yang ◽  
Navid Bazghaleh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Soil Fungi ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Soil Biodiversity ◽  
Agricultural Ecosystems ◽  
Agronomic Practices ◽  
Rhizosphere Fungi ◽  
Fungal Organisms ◽  
Selection Of

Soil fungi are a critical component of agroecosystems and provide ecological services that impact the production of food and bioproducts. Effective management of fungal resources is essential to optimize the productivity and sustainability of agricultural ecosystems. In this review, we (i) highlight the functional groups of fungi that play key roles in agricultural ecosystems, (ii) examine the influence of agronomic practices on these fungi, and (iii) propose ways to improve the management and contribution of soil fungi to annual cropping systems. Many of these key soil fungal organisms (i.e., arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and fungal root endophytes) interact directly with plants and are determinants of the efficiency of agroecosystems. In turn, plants largely control rhizosphere fungi through the production of carbon and energy rich compounds and of bioactive phytochemicals, making them a powerful tool for the management of soil fungal diversity in agriculture. The use of crop rotations and selection of optimal plant genotypes can be used to improve soil biodiversity and promote beneficial soil fungi. In addition, other agronomic practices (e.g., no-till, microbial inoculants, and biochemical amendments) can be used to enhance the effect of beneficial fungi and increase the health and productivity of cultivated soils.

Organic fertilizers alter the composition of pathogens and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in maize roots

2017 ◽  
Vol 165 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 448-454 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ricardo Aguilar ◽  
Yazmin Carreón-Abud ◽  
Dante López-Carmona ◽  
John Larsen
Keyword(s):  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Maize Roots

Soil microbiota effects on rye growth: implications for integration of a rye cover crop into temperate cropping systems

2006 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 245-252 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason L. De Bruin ◽  
Nicholas R. Jordan ◽  
Paul M. Porter ◽  
Sheri C. Huerd
Keyword(s):  
Cover Crops ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Microbial Populations ◽  
Shoot Biomass ◽  
Soil Microbiota ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Final Harvest

AbstractIntegration of rye (Secale cereale L.) cover crops into the corn (Zea mays L.) soybean [(Glycine max (L.) Merr.] rotation of the upper Midwest USA can provide many agronomic and agroecological benefits. Integration is made difficult by short growing seasons, but may be facilitated by management of key agroecological interactions such as those between rye and soil microbiota. Rye growth was measured and colonization by arbuscular-mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) was determined in greenhouse experiments using soils from seven different management systems from a long-term cropping-systems experiment in southwest Minnesota. Microbial effects on rye growth were not evident before vernalization, but at final harvest (4 weeks after vernalization) soil microbial populations reduced rye shoot and root growth, relative to a pasteurized control inoculum. At final harvest, shoot biomass in 2-year rotations was 17% greater than 4-year rotations, indicating that microbial populations selected for by 4-year rotations may be more deleterious or pathogenic than those selected for by 2-year rotations. Growth of three rye cultivars was examined in all inocula; cultivars differed in their mean response to soil microbiota and their ability to host AMF. These findings suggest that management factors affect interactions between rye and soil microbiota resulting in altered rye growth.

scholarly journals Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal communities and soil aggregation as affected by cultivation of various crops during the sugarcane fallow period

2014 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 415-422 ◽  
Author(s):  
Priscila Viviane Truber ◽  
Carolina Fernandes
Keyword(s):  
Cover Crops ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Aggregate Stability ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Soil Aggregation ◽  
Soil Tillage ◽  
Fallow Period ◽  
Red Latosol

Management systems involving crop rotation, ground cover species and reduced soil tillage can improve the soil physical and biological properties and reduce degradation. The primary purpose of this study was to assess the effect of various crops grown during the sugarcane fallow period on the production of glomalin and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in two Latosols, as well as their influence on soil aggregation. The experiment was conducted on an eutroferric Red Latosol with high-clay texture (680 g clay kg-1) and an acric Red Latosol with clayey texture (440 g kg-1 clay) in Jaboticabal (São Paulo State, Brazil). A randomized block design involving five blocks and four crops [soybean (S), soybean/fallow/soybean (SFS), soybean/millet/soybean (SMS) and soybean/sunn hemp/soybean (SHS)] was used to this end. Soil samples for analysis were collected in June 2011. No significant differences in total glomalin production were detected between the soils after the different crops. However, total external mycelium length was greater in the soils under SMS and SHS. Also, there were differences in easily extractable glomalin, total glomalin and aggregate stability, which were all greater in the eutroferric Red Latosol than in the acric Red Latosol. None of the cover crops planted in the fallow period of sugarcane improved aggregate stability in either Latosol.

scholarly journals Influence of bioproducts and mycorrhizal fungi on the growth and yielding of sweet cherry trees

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 122-129
Author(s):  
Sławomir Głuszek ◽  
Edyta Derkowska ◽  
Lidia Sas Paszt ◽  
Mirosław Sitarek ◽  
Beata Sumorok
Keyword(s):  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Sweet Cherry ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Cherry Trees

The experiment assessed the influence of various biofertilizers and biostimulants on the growth characteristics of the root system, its colonization by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and the yielding of sweet cherry trees in field conditions. The experiment, conducted in Pomological Orchard of Research Institute of Horticulture located in Skierniewice during 2011–2014, involved the use of a mycorrhizal substrate, organic fertilizers and biostimulant in randomised block design. The control combination consisted of plants fertilized with mineral fertilizers (NPK). The use of the organic fertilizer BF Ekomix in dose 100 g per tree each year in the spring significantly increased the number of root tips in comparison with the control trees. There was also a tendency for the roots to lengthen and increase their surface area under the influence of this biofertilizer. In addition, the inoculation of roots with the mycorrhizal substrate in dose 200 g per tree per year stimulated the colonization of the roots of sweet cherry trees by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, which in turn led to improved root growth parameters.

scholarly journals Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi as a potential tool for bioremediation of heavy metals in contaminated soil

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 217-228
Author(s):  
Herath BMMD ◽  
Madushan KWA ◽  
Lakmali JPD ◽  
Yapa PN
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Contaminated Soil ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Plant Roots ◽  
Natural Ecosystems ◽  
Physical Methods ◽  
Potential Tool

Human activities have introduced large amounts of heavy metals into natural ecosystems in recent years. As a result, the accumulation of heavy metals and metalloids in plants, animals, and humans, which may have caused some health problems. Chemical and physical methods can remove the heavy metal in contaminated soil, but both are very expensive and ineffective. Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) are mutualistic symbionts in most plant roots. Furthermore, AMF are the essential mycorrhizae for phytoremediation, and the extensive hyphal network of them can increase the uptake of micro and macronutrients, water and heavy metals from the soil. However, AMF hyphae colonized in plant roots have an ability for compartmentalizing heavy metals inside plant roots. Furthermore, AMF hyphae are capable of secreting a glycoprotein, named glomalin, which can bind heavy metals and subsequently remove heavy metals absorbed by the plants from contaminated soil. Glomalin can develop the properties and structure of the soil, which helps to enhance soil fertility. This paper presents the role of AMF in the ecosystems and as potential tools for bioremediation of heavy metals in the soil.

scholarly journals Efficacy Of Indigenous Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi And Liquid Organic Fertilizer For Promoting The Vegetative Growth Of Soybean Plants (Glycine max L.) On Ultisols

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 277-288
Author(s):  
Herdy Suparmanto ◽  
Husna Faad ◽  
Halim
Keyword(s):  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Marginal Soils ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting Activities ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting ◽  
Glycine Max L ◽  
Soybean Plants

Utilization of ultisols in Southeast Sulawesi may be approached by inoculating viable arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) exposing plant growth-promoting activities to the growth of native economical plants. This study investigated a combination of AMF and liquid organic fertilizers from coconut husks to improve the growth of soybean plants grown on ultisols as one of the potential marginal soils in the region. The coconut husk served as an abundant, cheap, yet potential source for the preparation of liquid organic fertilizers. This study used two factorial design with four treatment levels. The first factor was designed for different AMF species (10 g/pots): control (M0), Acaulospora delicata (M1), Septoglomus constrictum (M2), and Claroideoglomus etunicatum (M3) while the second factor was designed for different concentration of liquid organic fertilizer (mL/pots): control (P0), 150 mL/pots (P1), 200 mL/pots (P2), and 250 mL/pots (P3). Based on ANOVA results, the independent application of AMF species and liquid organic fertilizers gave significant results in regards to the experimental variables such as plant height, number of leaves, leaf area, and stem diameter. The best combination of treatment was observed in the treatment using Septoglomus constrictum with the concentration of liquid organic fertilizer of 250 mL (M2P3) to yield the highest growth performance of soybean plants on ultisols.

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