scholarly journals MANAGEMENT OF IRRIGATION AND NITROGEN FERTILIZERS TO REDUCE AMMONIA VOLATILIZATION

2015 ◽  
Vol 39 (6) ◽  
pp. 1737-1743 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernando Viero ◽  
Cimélio Bayer ◽  
Renan Costa Beber Vieira ◽  
Eduardo Carniel
Keyword(s):  
Ammonia Volatilization ◽  
Slow Release ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Irrigation Management ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizers ◽  
Urease Inhibitor ◽  
Nh3 Volatilization ◽  
Slow Release Fertilizer ◽  
N Sources

ABSTRACT Nitrogen losses by ammonia (NH3) volatilization can be reduced by appropriate irrigation management or by alternative N sources, replacing urea. The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of irrigation management and N source combinations in decreasing NH3 volatilization from an Argissolo Vermelho Distrófico típico cultivated for 28 years with black oat (Avena strigosa) and maize (Zea mays), under no-tillage in the region of Depressão Central, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. The experiment was arranged in a randomized block design with split plots with three replications, where the main plots consisted of irrigation systems: no irrigation; irrigation immediately before and irrigation immediately after fertilization. The subplots were treated with different N sources: urea, urea with urease inhibitor and slow-release fertilizer, at an N rate of 180 kg ha-1, broadcast over maize, plus a control treatment without N fertilization. Ammonia volatilization was assessed using semi-open static collectors for 1, 2, 4, 6, and 10 days after N fertilization. In general, more than 90 % of total NH3-N losses occurred until three days after N fertilization, with peaks up to 15.4 kg ha-1 d-1. The irrigation was efficient to reduce NH3 losses only when applied after N fertilization. However, reductions varied according to the N fertilizer, and were higher for urea (67 %) and slightly lower for urea with urease inhibitor (50 %) and slow-release fertilizer (40 %), compared with the mean of the treatments without irrigation and irrigation before fertilization. The use of urea with urease inhibitor instead of urea was only promising under volatilization-favorable conditions (no irrigation or irrigation before N fertilization). Compared to urea, slow-release fertilizer did not reduce ammonia volatilization in any of the rainfed or irrigated treatments.

scholarly journals Ammonia volatilization from nitrogen fertilizers in no-till wheat and maize in southern Brazil

2014 ◽  
Vol 38 (5) ◽  
pp. 1515-1525 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernando Viero ◽  
Cimélio Bayer ◽  
Sandra Mara Vieira Fontoura ◽  
Renato Paulo de Moraes
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Sulfate ◽  
Ammonia Volatilization ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizers ◽  
Urease Inhibitor ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
N Losses ◽  
N Sources ◽  
South Central ◽  
No Till

Crop residues on the soil surface of no-till systems can intensify ammonia volatilization from N fertilizers applied to cereal crops. This study assessed the magnitude of N losses through ammonia volatilization from urea applied to no-till winter (wheat) and summer crops (maize) on a Typic Hapludox in the south-central region of Paraná, southern Brazil. In addition, the potential of alternative N sources (urea with urease inhibitor, liquid fertilizer, ammonium nitrate and ammonium sulfate) and different urea managements (fertilizer applied in the morning or afternoon) were evaluated. Two experiments with maize and wheat were carried out for two years, arranged in a randomized block design with four replications. Nitrogen volatilization losses were assessed with a semi-open static collector until 21 days after fertilization. In winter, the losses were low (<5.5 % of applied N) for all N sources, which were not distinguishable, due to the low temperatures. In the summer, volatilization rates from urea were higher than in the winter, but did not exceed 15 % of applied N. The main factor decreasing N losses in the summer was the occurrence of rainfall in the first five days after fertilization. Urea with urease inhibitor, nitrate and ammonium sulfate were efficient to decrease ammonia volatilization in maize, whereas the application time (morning or afternoon) had no influence.

scholarly journals Ammonia volatilization in no-till system in the south-central region of the State of Paraná, Brazil

2010 ◽  
Vol 34 (5) ◽  
pp. 1677-1684 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra Mara Vieira Fontoura ◽  
Cimélio Bayer
Keyword(s):  
Controlled Release ◽  
Central Region ◽  
Ammonia Volatilization ◽  
Nh3 Volatilization ◽  
The South ◽  
N Application ◽  
N Sources ◽  
South Central ◽  
N Source ◽  
No Till

Ammonia (NH3) volatilization can reduce the efficiency of urea applied to the surface of no-till (NT) soils. Thus, the objectives of this study were to evaluate the magnitude of NH3 losses from surface-applied urea and to determine if this loss justifies the urea incorporation in soil or its substitution for other N sources under the subtropical climatic conditions of South-Central region of Paraná State, Brazil. The experiment, performed over four harvesting seasons in a clayey Hapludox followed a randomized block design with four replicates. A single dose of N (150 kg ha-1) to V5 growth stage of corn cultivated under NT system was applied and seven treatments were evaluated, including surface-applied urea, ammonium sulfate, ammonium nitrate, urea with urease inhibitor, controlled-release N source, a liquid N source, incorporated urea, and a control treatment with no N application. Ammonia volatilization was evaluated for 20 days after N application using a semi-open static system. The average cumulative NH3 loss due to the superficial application of urea was low (12.5 % of the applied N) compared to the losses observed in warmer regions of Southeastern Brazil (greater than 50 %). The greatest NH3 losses were observed in dry years (up to 25.4 % of the applied N), and losses decreased exponentially as the amount of rainfall after N application increased. Incorporated urea and alternative N sources, with the exception of controlled-release N source, decreased NH3 volatilization in comparison with surface-applied urea. Urea incorporation is advantageous for the reduction of NH3 volatilization; however, other aspects as its low operating efficiency should be considered before this practice is adopted. In the South-Central region of Paraná, the low NH3 losses from the surface-applied urea in NT system due to wet springs and mild temperatures do not justify its replacement for other N sources.

scholarly journals Effects of Foliar Application of Urea and Urea-Formaldehyde/Triazone on Soybean and Corn Crops

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 1549
Author(s):  
Bruno Maia Abdo Rahmen Cassim ◽  
Antonio Pedro Martins Machado ◽  
Daniel Fortune ◽  
Fernando Rodrigues Moreira ◽  
Éder Júnior De Oliveira Zampar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Slow Release ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Urea Formaldehyde ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizers ◽  
Urea Solution ◽  
Corn Yield ◽  
Nitrogen Release ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Significant Difference

The objective of the study was to evaluate the effect of foliar application of urea and urea-formaldehyde, triazone-based fertilizers on soybean and corn crops. Four experiments were carried out, two on soybeans, one on first season corn, and the other on second season corn. The experiments were conducted using a randomized block design, with 5 treatments studied: T1—control without application of foliar nitrogen (N); T2—foliar application of conventional urea solution and three treatments with Hexion foliar fertilizers based on urea-formaldehyde and triazone (N-Hexion®), with varying levels of N and slow-release components; T3—Hexion 1; T4—Hexion 2; and T5—Hexion 3. The foliar application of conventional urea showed no statistically significant difference in relation to the control for the yield components and grain yield for the soybean crops in seasons 2018–2019 and 2019–2020. Urea-formaldehyde/triazone treatments showed a significant increase in yield for soybeans in the 2018–2019 season compared to the control and to conventional urea. Nitrogen fertilizers with high percentages of slow-release compounds promote nitrogen release more slowly, which led to no significant increase in yield for Hexion 1. No statistical differences were observed in the corn yield for the first and second crop.

scholarly journals Applying Conservation Horticulture to Save Hibiscus dasycalyx, the Neches River Rose Mallow

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 591b-591
Author(s):  
Dawn Parish ◽  
D. Creech
Keyword(s):  
Slow Release ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Endangered Plants ◽  
East Texas ◽  
The Public ◽  
Slow Release Fertilizer ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Number Of Stems ◽  
Neches River ◽  
Aboveground Growth

In 1995, the SFA Arboretum initiated a “three Rs”—rescue, research, and reintroduction—endangered plants program, a conservation horticulture strategy that links the Arboretum with the goals of the Texas Parks and Wildlife, U.S. Fish and Wildlife, and other conservation agencies. The program includes two tiers of activity: 1) a 1-acre endangered plants theme garden in the SFA Arboretum for germplasm studies and educating the public, and 2) “introduction” research plots at Mill Creek Gardens, a 119-acre conservation easement 6 miles west of Nacogdoches, Tex. This paper reports on an “introduction” study of one of the most endangered endemics in East Texas, the Neches River rose mallow, Hibiscus dasycalyx. A randomized complete-block design with three blocks and four plants per replication was established in Dec. 1995, in a full-sun wetland planting at Mill Creek Gardens. Two mulching regimes (with and without) and four rates of slow-release 13-13-13 were applied at planting and again in Mar. 1996. Data collected in 1996 and 1997 included number of stems, flowering, and the weight of all aboveground growth harvested after the first frosts in both years. After 2 years, 1) 80% survival across all treatments with losses primarily in the wettest portions of the plots, 2) mulch influences are nonsignificant, and 3) plant response to slow-release fertilizer is significant with medium and high rates favored for “at-planting” application.

scholarly journals Environment and slow-release fertilizer in the production of Euterpe precatoria seedlings

2018 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 382-389
Author(s):  
Ueliton Oliveira de Almeida ◽  
Romeu de Carvalho Andrade Neto ◽  
Aureny Maria Pereira Lunz ◽  
Sônia Regina Nogueira ◽  
David Aquino da Costa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Slow Release ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Palm Tree ◽  
Slow Release Fertilizer ◽  
Lack Of Information ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Collar Diameter ◽  
Root Collar

ABSTRACT Euterpe precatoria Mart. has been demanded due to the functional characteristics of its fruits and, therefore, its planting has been encouraged. However, there is a lack of information about the seedling production system of this palm tree. Neither a favorable environment nor the amount of fertilizer in the substrate have been defined for the production of healthy and vigorous seedlings. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of environments and doses of a slow-release fertilizer on the production of E. precatoria seedlings. The experiment was conducted in a randomized block design, with three replications and ten plants per plot. The treatments were arranged in a 4 x 5 factorial scheme, with four environments (under shading levels of 20 %, 30 %, 50 % and 75 %) and five doses of a slow-release fertilizer (0.0 kg m-3, 2.5 kg m-3, 5.0 kg m-3, 7.5 kg m-3 and 10.0 kg m-3 of substrate). The seedling height; root collar diameter; number of leaves; leaf, shoot, root and total dry mass; and the Dickson quality index were analyzed. There were significant interactions between the shaded environments and slow-release fertilizer doses for all the analyzed variables. The 75 %-shaded environment yielded better quality seedlings. The slow-release fertilizer can be used to produce E. precatoria seedlings in environments under shading levels of 50 % and 75 %, being the 4.60 kg m-3 and 8 kg m-3 doses, respectively, the most recommended ones.

scholarly journals Urease Inhibitor and Irrigation Management to Mitigate Ammonia Volatilization from Urea in No-Till Corn

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernando Viero ◽  
Guilherme Batista Menegati ◽  
Eduardo Carniel ◽  
Paulo Regis Ferreira da Silva ◽  
Cimélio Bayer
Keyword(s):  
Ammonia Volatilization ◽  
Irrigation Management ◽  
Urease Inhibitor ◽  
No Till

scholarly journals Emission of nitrous oxide in flooded rice cultivation in tropical area of Brazil

2020 ◽  
Vol 55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoná Serpa Mascarenhas ◽  
Mellissa Ananias Soler da Silva ◽  
Vládia Correchel ◽  
Alberto Baêta dos Santos ◽  
Márcia Thaís de Melo Carvalho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Block Design ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Rice Cultivation ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizers ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
N2o Emissions ◽  
Flooded Rice ◽  
N2o Fluxes

Abstract: The objective of this work was to evaluate the effects of nitrogen fertilizers on the N dynamics and grain yield in flooded rice (Oryza sativa) cultivation in Brazilian tropical wetland. The experiment was carried out in a randomized complete block design with six treatments, as follows: common and protected urea; topdressing application of N doses (30, 70, and 150 kg ha-1); and one control treatment, without N fertilization. Emissions of N2O-N, global warming potential (pGWP), emission factors (EF) for mineral fertilizers, grain yield, emission intensity, nitrate, ammonium, pH, and potential redox were quantified. Gas sampling was carried out in two crop seasons of rice cultivation and in one off-season. During the flooded period of the two crop seasons, N2O fluxes did not exceed 862.41 μg m-2 h-1 N2O-N; in the off-season, the fluxes varied from -52.95 to 274.34 μg m-2 h-1 N2O-N. Consistent emission peaks were observed in soil draining before harvest, when the highest rate of both N sources was used, and also in the control treatment in the off-season. Protected urea does not reduce N2O emissions or EF. Nitrogen increases the grain yield. Protected urea does not have any effect on the pGWP. The concentrations of NO3- and NH4+ in the soil are not related to N2O fluxes.

scholarly journals (67) Effect of Two Types of Fertilizers on the Growth and Development of Tissue-cultured Daylilies Transferred to the Greenhouse

HortScience ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 1018C-1018
Author(s):  
Johnny Carter ◽  
Diondre Palmer ◽  
Lianghong Chen ◽  
Surinder Gulia
Keyword(s):  
Growth And Development ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Slow Release ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Maximum Growth ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Slow Release Fertilizer ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Soluble Fertilizer

During Summer 2005, a study similar to that of Summer 2004 was conducted to determine the effect of two type of fertilizers on the growth and development of tissue-cultured daylilies transferred to the greenhouse. Peters 20–20–20 water-soluble fertilizer and a slow-release fertilizer were the two fertilizers evaluated. Peters 20–20–20 fertilizer was used at 0 (control), 50, 100, 200 mg/L rates. The slow-release fertilizer was used at 2.5 g per 10.2-cm pot. Each treatment was replicated four times in randomized complete-block design. After 6 weeks of growth, the results showed that when compared to the control, all treatments except for 200 mg/L caused a significant increase in root growth. Shoot growth was significantly increased by the 100 mg/L treatment, while the 200 mg/L and the slow-release treatments suppressed shoot growth. Similar to the growth of roots and shoots, the 100 mg/L treatment caused significant increase in fresh weight, while both the 200 mg/L and slow-release treatments caused a reduction. Results obtained for Summer 2005 were similar to that of Summer 2004. These results imply that the 100 mg/L Peters 20–20–20 fertilizers treatment is the best treatment for maximum growth and development of tissue-cultured daylilies transferred to the greenhouse.

Nitrogen rate and source effects on foliar sugar, glycoalkaloid, and amino acid composition of potato Russet Burbank

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guoqi Wen ◽  
Athyna N. Cambouris ◽  
Noura Ziadi ◽  
Annick Bertrand ◽  
Mohamed Khelifi
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Tuber Yield ◽  
Block Design ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Russet Burbank ◽  
Macrosiphum Euphorbiae ◽  
N Sources ◽  
N Rates

The foliar chemicals in potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L.) could affect the growth and development of agricultural pests, such as Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say) and aphid, Macrosiphum euphorbiae. Thus, altering the chemical composition of potato leaves could potentially supplement integrated pest management (IPM). In this study, field experiments were conducted in Quebec, Canada, to investigate the effects of nitrogen (N) rates and sources on foliar sugar, glycoalkaloid, and amino acid concentrations and tuber yield of potato cv. Russet Burbank. Three N fertilizer sources of ammonium nitrate, ammonium sulfate, and polymer-coated urea were used at four N rates of 60, 120, 200, and 280 kg N ha-1 plus an unfertilized control in a randomized complete block design. The fourth leaves from the top of twenty randomly selected plants in each plot were collected at 54, 68, and 82 days after planting for sugar, glycoalkaloid, and amino acid analysis. Tubers were collected at harvest, and the total and marketable yields were measured. Results showed that N fertilization linearly decreased sugar concentrations and these reduced sugars were conveyed and stored in tubers as starch. Glycoalkaloid concentrations in leaves were influenced by N sources and rates. Both total and marketable yields quadratically varied with increasing N rates regardless of N sources, with average values of 36.4 and 28.3 Mg ha-1, respectively. Since N rate affected potato foliar chemical composition and tuber yield, N fertilization could be considered as a supplemental tool to the IPM strategy for potato pest control.

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