scholarly journals Effects of Foliar Application of Urea and Urea-Formaldehyde/Triazone on Soybean and Corn Crops

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 1549
Author(s):  
Bruno Maia Abdo Rahmen Cassim ◽  
Antonio Pedro Martins Machado ◽  
Daniel Fortune ◽  
Fernando Rodrigues Moreira ◽  
Éder Júnior De Oliveira Zampar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Slow Release ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Urea Formaldehyde ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizers ◽  
Urea Solution ◽  
Corn Yield ◽  
Nitrogen Release ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Significant Difference

The objective of the study was to evaluate the effect of foliar application of urea and urea-formaldehyde, triazone-based fertilizers on soybean and corn crops. Four experiments were carried out, two on soybeans, one on first season corn, and the other on second season corn. The experiments were conducted using a randomized block design, with 5 treatments studied: T1—control without application of foliar nitrogen (N); T2—foliar application of conventional urea solution and three treatments with Hexion foliar fertilizers based on urea-formaldehyde and triazone (N-Hexion®), with varying levels of N and slow-release components; T3—Hexion 1; T4—Hexion 2; and T5—Hexion 3. The foliar application of conventional urea showed no statistically significant difference in relation to the control for the yield components and grain yield for the soybean crops in seasons 2018–2019 and 2019–2020. Urea-formaldehyde/triazone treatments showed a significant increase in yield for soybeans in the 2018–2019 season compared to the control and to conventional urea. Nitrogen fertilizers with high percentages of slow-release compounds promote nitrogen release more slowly, which led to no significant increase in yield for Hexion 1. No statistical differences were observed in the corn yield for the first and second crop.

Caracterização da Peneira Média em Clones de Coffea canephora

REVISTA FIMCA ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 28-31
Author(s):  
Darlan Darlan Sanches Barbosa Alves ◽  
Victor Mouzinho Spinelli ◽  
Marcos Santana Moraes ◽  
Carolina Augusto De Souza ◽  
Rodrigo da Silva Ribeiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Improvement ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Coffea Canephora ◽  
Coffee Production ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Four Blocks ◽  
Selection Of

Introdução: O estado de Rondônia se destaca como tradicional produtor de café, sendo o segundo maior produtor brasileiro de C. canephora. No melhoramento genético de C. canephora, a seleção de plantas de elevada peneira média está associada à bebida de qualidade superior. Objetivos: O objetivo desse estudo foi avaliar a variabilidade genética de clones de C. canephora para o tamanho dos grãos, mensurado a partir da avaliação da peneira média (PM). Materiais e Métodos: Para isso, foi conduzido ao longo de dois anos agrícolas experimento no campo experimental da Embrapa no município de Ouro Preto do Oeste-RO, para a avaliação da peneira média de 130 genótipos (clones) com características das variedades botânicas Conilon, Robusta e híbridos intervarietais. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi de blocos ao acaso, com quatro repetições de quatro plantas por parcela. Resultados: Não houve resultados significativos para a interação clones X anos, indicando uma maior consistência no comportamento das plantas ao longo do tempo. Porém foram observadas diferenças significativas para o tamanho dos grãos entre os genótipos avaliados, possibilitando selecionar genótipos superiores. Conclusão: Os genótipos agruparam-se em cinco classes de acordo com o teste de média, subsidiando a caracterização de um gradiente de variabilidade da característica avaliada ABSTRACTIntroduction: Coffea canephora accounts for approximately 35% of the world's coffee production. The state of Rondônia stands out as a traditional coffee producer, being the second largest Brazilian producer of C. canephora. In the classical genetic improvement of C. anephora, the selection of plants of high average sieve is associated with a drink of superior quality. Objectives: The objective of this udy was to evaluate the genetic variability of Coffea canephora clones for the agronomic medium sieve (PM). Materials and Methods: The experiment was conducted in the experimental field of Embrapa, municipality of OuroPreto do Oeste-RO, located at coordinates 10º44'53 "S and 62º12'57". One hundred thirty genotypes (clones) of botanical characteristics Conilon, Robusta and intervarietal hybrids were evaluated in the agricultural years 2013-2014 and 2014-2015. The experimental design was a randomized block design with four blocks and four plants per plot, spacing 3.5 x 1.5 meters between plants. Results: Significant difference was found for the grain size. According to the F test, at 5% probability, the genotypes were grouped into five classes according to the mean test. Conclusion: The results obtained subsidized the characterization of a variability gradient of the evaluated trait.

The Effect of Stem Segment Cuttings of Robusta Coffee (Coffea canephora) on Growth of Root and Leaf Sprout

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-34
Author(s):  
Bistok Hasiholan Simanjuntak ◽  
Devi Kusuma Wardani
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Growth ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Experimental Treatment ◽  
Coffea Canephora ◽  
Stem Segment ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Robusta Coffee ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Honestly Significant Difference ◽  
Significant Difference

Robusta coffee plant propagation is recommended to be performed by vegetative methods, one of which is cuttings. Among plant organs that can be used for cuttings is the stem. The research objective was to determine which stem segment from cuttings was able to provide the best root and leaf growth. The layout study used a completely randomized block design (RBD) with an experimental treatment consisting of five stem segments, namely (1) the first stem segment from the upper shoot (A); (2) the second stem segment from the upper shoot (B); (3) the third stem segment from the upper shoot (C); (4) the fourth stem segment from the upper shoot (D); and (5) the fifth stem segment from the upper shoot (E); each treatment had five replications. Data analysis was performed statistically with analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey's HSD (honestly significant difference) test with a significance level of P < 0.05. Robusta coffee cuttings stems from the second stem segment from the upper shoot were able to provide the optimal root growth (root length) and shoot growth (leaf sprout height and leaf sprout growth rate). Leaf sprout number derived from the cuttings was not affected by the stem segment.

scholarly journals Weed control in corn and weed sample size for growth evaluations

2014 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
L.B. Tavella ◽  
P.S.L. Silva ◽  
V.R. Oliveira ◽  
P.L.O. Fernandes ◽  
R.P. Sousa
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Sample Size ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Corn Yield ◽  
Weed Growth ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Experimental Variation ◽  
Yield Values ◽  
Viable Seeds

The objectives of this study were to evaluate baby corn yield, green corn yield, and grain yield in corn cultivar BM 3061, with weed control achieved via a combination of hoeing and intercropping with gliricidia, and determine how sample size influences weed growth evaluation accuracy. A randomized block design with ten replicates was used. The cultivar was submitted to the following treatments: A = hoeings at 20 and 40 days after corn sowing (DACS), B = hoeing at 20 DACS + gliricidia sowing after hoeing, C = gliricidia sowing together with corn sowing + hoeing at 40 DACS, D = gliricidia sowing together with corn sowing, and E = no hoeing. Gliricidia was sown at a density of 30 viable seeds m-2. After harvesting the mature ears, the area of each plot was divided into eight sampling units measuring 1.2 m² each to evaluate weed growth (above-ground dry biomass). Treatment A provided the highest baby corn, green corn, and grain yields. Treatment B did not differ from treatment A with respect to the yield values for the three products, and was equivalent to treatment C for green corn yield, but was superior to C with regard to baby corn weight and grain yield. Treatments D and E provided similar yields and were inferior to the other treatments. Therefore, treatment B is a promising one. The relation between coefficient of experimental variation (CV) and sample size (S) to evaluate growth of the above-ground part of the weeds was given by the equation CV = 37.57 S-0.15, i.e., CV decreased as S increased. The optimal sample size indicated by this equation was 4.3 m².

scholarly journals PENGARUH MULTI NUTRIENT SAUCE (MNS) DENGAN DOSIS YANG BERBEDA DALAM RANSUM TERHADAP KECERNAAN PROTEIN KASAR DAN SERAT KASAR PADA DOMBA

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-20
Author(s):  
M Alvin Rifqi Fadilla, Erwanto, Muhtarudin, dan Agung Kusuma Wijaya
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Protein Digestibility ◽  
Crude Fiber ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Department Faculty ◽  
Difference Test

The purpose of this research was to determine the effect of addition of Multinutrient Sauce (MNS) in the ration on digestibility of crude protein and crude fiber in sheep.  This research was conducted in May—July 2019 at the People's Farm of Kebagusan Village, Gedong Tataan District, Pesawaran Regency.  The digestibility analysis of crude protein and crude fiber was carried out at the Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed, Animal Husbandry Department, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Lampung.  This study used a randomized block design (RBD) based on sheep body weight with six groups and three treatments, namely R0 (ration without MNS); R1 (R0 + MNS 5%); and R2 (R0 + MNS 10%).  The data obtained were analyzed using ANOVA at a 5% significance level or 1% significance, and continued with further test using Least Significant Difference Test (LSD) if there is significant results.  The results showed that the addition of 10% MNS in the ration had a significant effect (P<0.05) on increasing the digestibility of crude protein and crude fiber in sheep.   Keywords: multi nutrient sauce (MNS), digestibility of crude protein, digestibility of crude fiber, sheep.

scholarly journals Least limiting water range in Oxisols under different levels of machine traffic

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 337-346
Author(s):  
Karina De Vares Rossetti ◽  
José Frederico Centurion
Keyword(s):  
Bulk Density ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Corn Yield ◽  
Soil Penetration Resistance ◽  
Corn Crop ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Crop Development ◽  
Least Limiting Water Range ◽  
Different Levels

This work aimed, to evaluate the structural behavior of Oxisols based on the least limiting water range (LLWR) and establish relations with corn crop. The experiment was carried out in a randomized block design with five treatments and four replications. Soil samples collected at the layer of 0-0.20 m depth in a Haplustox (LVd) and an Eutrustox (LVef) were used. The compaction treatments consisted of T0= no additional compaction; T1 and T2= two and four passes with a 4 t tractor, respectively; T3 and T4 = two and four passes with a 10 t tractor, respectively. The range of LLWR variation in the LVd was the lowest one and varied from 0.01 to 0.04 m3 m-3, whereas in the LVef varied from 0.03 to 0.13 m3 m-3 for the critical soil penetration resistance (PRc) of 2 MPa. It was observed that critical bulk density (BDc) values were 1.76 and 1.40 Mg m-3 in the LVd and the LVef, respectively. The highest frequency of bulk density (BC ≥ BDc) occurred from the T1 to T4 (LVd) and from the T2 to T4, however, a reduction in corn yield was not observed. The determination of the LLWR was efficient and complementary for identifying more favorable or more impeditive conditions to compaction in the LVef for the corn crop development in relation to the LVd.

scholarly journals KAJIAN MACAM JARAK TANAM SISTEM JAJAR LEGOWO DAN VARIETAS TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN DAN PRODUKSI TANAMAN PADI (Oryza Sativa L.)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-37
Author(s):  
Istiqomah Istiqomah ◽  
Ana Amiroh ◽  
Dwi Choiriyah ◽  
Suharso Suharso
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Water Channel ◽  
Empty Space ◽  
Economic Life ◽  
Staple Food ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Factor Ii ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Two Factors

Rice is a rice-producing food crop which now plays an important role in economic life in Indonesia. Namely rice as a staple food is very difficult to replace by other staples. Among them are corn, tubers, sago and other carbohydrate sources. So that the existence of rice is now a top priority for the community in meeting the needs of carbohydrate intake that can be filling and is a source of primary carbohydrates that are easily replaced into an energy source. Rice as a staple food is consumed by approximately 90% of the total population in Indonesia for daily essential food (Saragih,2001). How to plant with the jajar legowo system has the advantage that the plants are on the edge so that optimal sunshine can cause plant productivity to be high, facilitate weed control and pests / diseases, use of fertilizer more effectively and the availability of empty space for regulating water channel circulation on land (Sirrapa, 2011). This research was conducted using Factorial Randomized Block Design (RBD) method, which consisted of two factors and each factor consisting of 3 levels repeated 3 times, namely: J1: Conventional,J2: Jajar Legowo 2: 1,J3: Jajar Legowo 4: 1. Factor II: Varieties with 3 levels, V1: Situ Bagendit, V2: Ciherang,V3: IR-64. Of the two factors 9 combinations of treatments were obtained and repeated 3 times. Data obtained from observations were calculated by analysis of variance with the Fisher test (-F test at the level of 5% and 1%), if there were significant differences, it would be followed by the Smallest Significant Difference test (LSD 5%). The treatment of the legowo 4: 1 row system and the ciherang variety (V2J3) produces a better value than other treatments.

scholarly journals Foliar Application of Nitrogen Affects Metabolism and Productivity of Soybean

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 31
Author(s):  
Walquíria F. Teixeira ◽  
Evandro B. Fagan ◽  
Antônio P. M. Machado ◽  
Daniel Fortune ◽  
Fernando R. Moreira
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Metabolism ◽  
Photosynthetic Activity ◽  
Slow Release ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Reductase Activity ◽  
Urea Formaldehyde ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Consequent Reduction ◽  
Soybean Plants

Soybean is one of the world&rsquo;s most economically important crops and several factors can affect the productivity of this culture. Among these factors is the supply of needed nitrogen, especially in the reproductive stage, as it acts in photosynthetic activity and in grain filling. In view of this, the objective of our work was to evaluate the effect of foliar application of nitrogen in different reproductive stages in soybean culture. Two sources of nitrogen were used: conventional urea and urea-formaldehyde/triazone, both applied in reproductive stages R2, R3, R4, or R5, as well as a control treatment without foliar application of nitrogen. Plants submitted to foliar application of urea-formaldehyde/triazone showed an increase in nitrogen metabolism (percentage of nitrogen derived from the atmosphere [Ndfa] and nitrate reductase activity [NR]), an increase in peroxidase (POD), and the consequent reduction in hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in all stages of application of this treatment. When urea-formaldehyde/triazone was applied in R4, it resulted in a 7% increase in yield. The application of conventional urea in reproductive stages R4 and R5 increased nitrogen metabolism and resulted in an increase in yield by 4%. However, conventional urea reduced yield when applied in stages R2 and R3. The use of low doses of foliar nitrogen in stages R4 and R5, increased nitrogen metabolism in soybean plants. The timing of the application has a direct impact on the results with the slow-release nitrogen (urea formaldehyde /triazone) showing better results when applied in stage R4 and better results for conventional urea in R5.

scholarly journals PEMANFAATAN EKSTRAK BELIMBING WULUH DAN EKSTRAK KULIT BUAH NAGA DALAM PEMBUATAN SELAI

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 62
Author(s):  
Nurul Aini ◽  
Dody Handito ◽  
Siska Cicilia
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Vitamin C ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Fruit Peel ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Dragon Fruit ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Sensory Tests

This study aims to determine the concentration of starfruit juice and dragon fruit peel on the quality of jam. The experimental design used was a one-factor Randomized Block Design (RAK) with six treatments and three replications to obtain 18 samples. The treatments were the concentration of starfruit juice and dragon fruit peel extract with P1 (100% : 0%), P2 (85% : 15%), P3 (70% : 15%), P4 (55% : 45%), P5 ( 40% : 60%) and P6 (25% : 75%). Parameters observed were vitamin C levels, antioxidant activity, spread, and color as well as sensory tests (color, aroma, and taste). Data analysis results were tested by analysis of variance at a significance level of 5% using Co-Stat software. If there is a significant difference, then the orthogonal polynomial further test is carried out, while the physical and sensory tests are further tested using the Honest Significant Difference test at a significance level of 5%. The results showed that the concentration of star fruit juice and dragon fruit pulp did not have a different effect on vitamin C levels but had a significantly different effect on antioxidant activity, spread, and color. P6 treatment resulted in the highest antioxidant activity of 77.27%, 12.80 mg of vitamin C content, 10.1 cm of smearing power, and sensory properties that were acceptable to the panelists.

scholarly journals PERAKITAN TEKNOLOGI PENGELOLAAN HARA SPESIFIK LOKASI PADI SISTEM GOGO RANCAH DI DESA SEMAWUNG KECAMATAN ANDONG KABUPATEN BOYOLALI

Agric ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 31
Author(s):  
Andrias ◽  
Suprihati ◽  
Diah Setyorini
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Management ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Panicle Length ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Cropping Season ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Technological Tool ◽  
Npk Fertilizer ◽  
Hill Number

<p>ABSTRACT</p><p>Rainfed ricefield, planted at least for one cropping season in a year, depends heavily on rainfall for its water supply. This land generally is low in fertility as indicated by the limited availability of essential plant nutrients in particular nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) as well as organic matter. Its productivity is relatively low with a rather erratic precipitation distribution. In order to overcome fertility issue in rainfed land, it is necessary to conduct an integrated nutrient management; one of which is by implementing location specific nutrient management. This study aims to seek the appropriate nutrient management in rainfed paddy field of Semawung village in the sub-district of Andong of Boyolali regency to be provisioned as a technological tool of location specific nutrient management. Research on nutrient management of gogo rancah system-based paddy production was carried out from October 2014 to January 2015. The field experiment was arranged in a Randomized Block Design involving eight treatments and three replications for each treatment. Treatments were combinations of NPK fertilizer, Organofosfat, and straw-based organic fertilizer. Nutrient management using NPK fertilizer and its combination with Organofosfat or organic fertilizer had very significant effect on plant height and number of stem per hill, significantly affected number of panicle per hill, panicle length, and number of fully-filled grain but did not result in difference of fully filled grain percentage and weight of 1000 grains. There was no significant difference between the treatment of 100% of NPK fertilizer and the combination of 75% of NPK fertilizer with straw-based fertilizer regarding these variables: number of stem per hill, number of panicle per hill, panicle length, number of grain per hill, number and percentage of fully-filled grain, weight of 1000 grains, and weight of fresh grain and milled grain yield. Therefore, the latter treatment is feasible as an option of location-specific nutrient management Semawung village.</p>

scholarly journals Implications of Agricultural Gypsum Doses in Physical-Hydric Attributes of a Typic Haplortox and on Root Growth and Soybean Productivity

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 549
Author(s):  
Francisco de Assis Guedes Júnior ◽  
Deonir Secco ◽  
Luiz Antônio Zanão Júnior ◽  
Luciene Kazue Tokura ◽  
Marcos Felipe Leal Martins
Keyword(s):  
Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Root Growth ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Total Porosity ◽  
Calcium Deficiency ◽  
Saturated Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Soil Density ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Physical Attributes

The response to agricultural gypsum, as a conditioner of the root environment in depth, has been observed for most annual crops. These responses are attributed to the better distribution of roots of the crops in depth in the soil by the reduction of chemical impediments, caused by the exchangeable aluminum and calcium deficiency in these layers, which allows to the plants the use of greater volume of water when they occur summer. In this way, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of gypsum doses on physical-hydric attributes, root growth and soybean productivity. The experiment was conducted at the Agronomic Institute of Paran&aacute; (IAPAR) in Santa Tereza do Oeste-PR. The soil was classified as Typic Haplortox. Five doses of agricultural gypsum were evaluated: 0; 3; 6; 9 and 12 t ha-1, in outline randomized block design with six repetitions. Soil density, total porosity, macroporosity, microporosity and saturated hydraulic conductivity were evaluated at layers of 0.0-0.1; 0.1-0.2 and 0.2-0.3 m. Soybean productivity and root growth were also evaluated. Data were submitted to regression analysis. The physical attributes soil density, macroporosity and saturated hydraulic conductivity did not differ significantly with the application of the gypsum doses in the 0.0-0.1 and 0.2-0.3 m layers. However, in the 0.1-0.2 m layer, due to pressures imposed by the machines and agricultural implements deforming the soil, there were significant differences in the physical attributes of the density, macroporosity and saturated hydraulic conductivity. There was no significant difference in grain productivity and root growth of soybean.

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