scholarly journals The scope of practice of primary health care physicians in rural and urban areas in Brazil

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Cristina van Stralen ◽  
Cristiana Leite Carvalho ◽  
Sábado Nicolau Girardi ◽  
Celia Regina Pierantoni ◽  
Ilka Afonso Reis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Primary Care Physicians ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Scope Of Practice ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Main Factors

This study aimed to identify differences in the scope of practice of primary care physicians and find the main factors associated with expanded practice in rural and urban areas of Brazil. Data from an online survey with 2,277 primary care physicians, conducted between January and March 2016, were used. Differences regarding activities and procedures performed by physicians per area were verified using Kruskal-Wallis/Dunn’s post hoc and chi-square tests. Multivariate linear regression analyses were done using a bootstrap technique to identify the main factors associated with an expanded scope of practice. Regardless of the location, the results showed that the practices of the primary care physicians are below their competences. Rural physicians performed a higher number of procedures and activities compared with their peers from intermediate and urban municipalities. Within the overall sample, the variables related to a broader scope of practice included: male gender, work in rural municipalities, participation in training and continuing education programs and consultation of clinical protocols, articles and books. This study contributes with evidence that the medical scope of practice varies according to location. Recognizing and understanding the differences and associated factors for an expanded scope of practice is necessary to determine the skills and resources required for practice in rural and urban areas, collaborating in proposals of strategies to improve quality and access of health care services.

MULTI - DIMENSIONAL ROLE OF A PHARMACIST IN HOSPITAL: A HEALTH CARE PROVIDER

2018 ◽  
pp. 5-7
Author(s):  
Singh S ◽  
Virmani T ◽  
Virmani R ◽  
Geeta . ◽  
Gupta J
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Health Care Services ◽  
Drug Product ◽  
Hospital Pharmacist ◽  
Therapeutic Monitoring ◽  
Direct Patient Care ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Rural And Urban

The objective of this study was to point out multi-dimensional role of a pharmacist with a special emphasis on the hospital pharmacist. Apharmacist is a person who is involved in designing, creating or manufacturing of a drug product, dispensing of a drug, managing and planning ofa pharmaceutical care. They are experts on the action and uses of drugs, including their chemistry, pharmacology and formulation. Theprofessional life of a hospital pharmacist might seem insignificant as compared to that of doctors, but actually they are highly trained healthprofessionals who plays important role in patient safety, patient compliance, therapeutic monitoring and even in direct patient care. With thepassage of time and advancements in health care services and pharmaceuticals, the role of a hospital pharmacist has become more diversified. Toa career, a hospital pharmacist must possess a diploma/degree in pharmacy from an accredited pharmacy college and must be registered with thestate pharmacy council of their respective region. In this study, we have assessed the behavior, communication skills, qualifications of thepharmacist, prescription handling ability and other factors to evaluate the diversified role of hospital pharmacist and their comparison withpharmacists practicing in rural and urban areas. Current surveys show that the pharmacists are not practicing as per the standard due to lack ofproper guidelines and watch over their practicing sense. The rules and guidelines prescribed by the Food and drug administration (FDA) andIndian pharmacopeia commission (IPC) were not followed by the pharmacist.

scholarly journals Psychological distress and associated factors related to COVID-19 pandemic among primary care physicians in Spain (STREPRIC study)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cebrián-Cuenca M Ana ◽  
Jose Joaquin Mira ◽  
Elena Caride-Miana ◽  
Antonio Fernández-Jiménez ◽  
Domingo Orozco-Beltrán
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Psychological Distress ◽  
Primary Care Physicians ◽  
Health Care Facilities ◽  
Multivariate Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Protective Measures ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Health Care Centers

Abstract Background The COVID-19 pandemic is affecting people in all nations of the world. In Spain, the epidemic is being especially harsh. The lack of protective measures is a major concern and may have caused emotional stress to Primary Care Physicians (PCPs). The aim of the study was to address the sources of psychological distress among Spanish PCPs during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods Observational, cross sectional study. A questionnaire consisting of 24 expressions was answered by PCPs working in their family health care centers in Spain during COVID-19 pandemic. A specific scale (EASE scale) was used to determine psychological distress, recently validated in the context of this pandemic. A Multivariate Linear Regression analysis was performed. Results 518 PCPs from different Spanish regions, participated in this survey. A total of 123 (23.7%) rated a high psychological distress score. Only half of PCPs received information about the appropriate use of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE). PCPs factors associated with higher levels of distress include female gender (1.69; CI 0.54, 2.84); Age (-0.43 (-0.61, 1.48)); working setting (rural) (0.84 (-0.34, 2.01)); lack of training in protective measures (1.96 (0.94, 2.99)). The absence of sick leave among colleagues, increased availability of PPEs, improved cleaning and hygiene conditions in health care centers facilities and the detection of COVID-19 RT-PCR for health care workers were associated with lower levels of distress. Conclusions One in four PCPs rated a high score for psychological distress. The availability of PEPs, training in their use, cleanliness and hygiene conditions in health care facilities and the availability of COVID-19 RT-PCR analyses for health workers, among others, are factors associated with the psychological distress of PCPs.

scholarly journals Self-Reported Physical Activity in Middle-Aged and Older Adults in Rural South Africa: Levels and Correlates

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (17) ◽  
pp. 6325
Author(s):  
Simone A. Tomaz ◽  
Justine I. Davies ◽  
Lisa K. Micklesfield ◽  
Alisha N. Wade ◽  
Kathleen Kahn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
South Africa ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Cognitive Capacity ◽  
Rural South ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Global Physical Activity Questionnaire ◽  
Age Range

Little is known about physical activity (PA) levels and correlates in adults from rural settings in South Africa, where a rapid increase in the number of older people and marked disparities in wealth are evident, particularly between those living in rural and urban areas. This paper describes levels of self-reported PA in rural South African men and women and examines factors associated with meeting PA guidelines. Global Physical Activity Questionnaire (GPAQ) data from the Health and Aging in Africa: Longitudinal studies of INDEPTH communities (HAALSI) survey of 5059 adults aged over 40 years were assessed. Logistic regression analyses were used to assess socio-demographic, functional and cognitive capacity, and chronic disease measures associated with PA. In addition, 75.4% (n = 3421) of the participants with valid GPAQ data (n = 4538 of 5059) met the PA guidelines. Factors associated with not the meeting PA guidelines were being male, over the age of 80 years, being in a higher wealth category, obesity, and poorer functional capacity. These findings highlight worthwhile targets for future interventions to maintain or improve PA levels in this population and suggest that intervening earlier within this age range (from 40 years) may be crucial to prevent the ‘spiral of decline’ that characterizes the frailty syndrome.

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