Effects of three protocols of hamstring muscle stretching and paravertebral lumbar

Introduction the muscle stretching is widely used to gain extensibility and flexibility, it is important to know the duration of these effects, after return to usual activity level. Thus, the aim of this study was to analyze the effect of three protocols of hamstring and paravertebral lumbar muscles stretching, and joint flexibility and muscle extensibility after six weeks. Methods participants were 40 volunteers, with limited hamstring extensibility, randomized into three groups: active stretching static (n = 14), proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (n = 14) and kinesiostretching (n = 12). The protocol was divided into 3 stages: the 1st control (six weeks), the 2nd application of stretch (six weeks) and the 3rd follow-up (eight weeks). The project was approved by the Ethics Committee on Human Research Unioeste, under protocol number 25536/2008. Four evaluations were conducted with board coupled to a system and goniometry and Well´s bench, distributed at the beginning and end of each step. Data were analyzed with repeated measures ANOVA, and one-way, with a significance level of 5%. Results there was no significant difference for the three groups in the control stage. There were significant differences in the three protocols in the stage of stretching. After follow-up stage, there was significant difference in the ratings to the board goniometry, and there was no difference in the Well’s Bench. Conclusion the three techniques promoted significant gain in extensibility and flexibility, extensibility was not maintained after the follow-up stage, and the flexibility of the posterior chain continued gains.

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The ability of a submaximal cycle ergometer test to detect longitudinal changes in VO2max

BMC Sports Science Medicine and Rehabilitation ◽

10.1186/s13102-021-00387-w ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Frida Björkman ◽

Örjan Ekblom ◽

Elin Ekblom-Bak ◽

Tony Bohman

Keyword(s):

Repeated Measures ◽

Time Span ◽

Treadmill Running ◽

Large Individual ◽

Good Precision ◽

Repeated Measures Anova ◽

Longitudinal Changes ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Change In Mean

Abstract Background The purpose of the present study was to examine the ability of a submaximal cycling test to detect longitudinal changes in maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) and examine the conformity between changes in measured and estimated VO2max over a time span of 5–8 years. Methods A total of 35 participants (21 men and 14 women), aged 29 to 63 years, performed the Ekblom-Bak (EB) submaximal cycle test for estimation of VO2max and a maximal treadmill running test for direct measurement of VO2max. The baseline tests were conducted between 2009 and 2012, and the follow-up tests were completed 5 to 8 years later. Pearson’s coefficient of correlation (r) and paired sample t-test were used to analyse the association between change in measured and estimated VO2max. Random and systematic errors between the measured and estimated VO2max were evaluated using Bland-Altman plots. Repeated measures ANOVA were used to test differences between changes over time. Results There was no significant change in mean measured VO2max between baseline and follow-up (p = 0.91), however large individual variations were noted (− 0.78 to 0.61 L/min). The correlation between individual change in measured and estimated VO2max was r = 0.75 (p < 0.05), and the unstandardised B-coefficient from linear regression modelling was 0.88 (95% CI 0.61 to 1.15), i.e., for each litre of change in estimated VO2max, the measured value had changed 0.88 L. The correlation between baseline and follow-up errors (the difference between estimated-measured VO2max at each occasion) was r = 0.84 (p < 0.05). With regard to the testing procedure, repeated measures ANOVA revealed that there was no significant difference between the group who exercised at the same work rates at baseline and follow-up (n = 25), and those who required a change in work rate (n = 10). Conclusions The EB test detected a change in VO2max with reasonably good precision over a time span of 5–8 years. Further studies are needed to evaluate if the test can be used in clinical populations and in subjects with different medications.

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The Ability of a Submaximal Cycle Ergometer Test to Detect Longitudinal Changes in VO2Max

10.21203/rs.3.rs-580769/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Frida Björkman ◽

Örjan Ekblom ◽

Elin Ekblom-Bak ◽

Tony Bohman

Keyword(s):

Repeated Measures ◽

Time Span ◽

Treadmill Running ◽

Large Individual ◽

Good Precision ◽

Repeated Measures Anova ◽

Longitudinal Changes ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Change In Mean

Abstract Background The purpose of the present study was to examine the ability of a submaximal cycling test to detect longitudinal changes in maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) and examine the conformity between changes in measured and estimated VO2max over a time span of 5–8 years. Methods A total of 35 participants (21 men and 14 women), aged 29 to 63 years, performed the Ekblom-Bak (EB) submaximal cycle test for estimation of VO2max and a maximal treadmill running test for direct measurement of VO2max. The baseline tests were conducted between 2009 and 2012, and the follow-up tests were completed 5 to 8 years later. Pearson’s coefficient of correlation (r) and paired sample t-test were used to analyse the association between change in measured and estimated VO2max. Random and systematic errors between the measured and estimated VO2max were evaluated using Bland-Altman plots. Repeated measures ANOVA were used to test differences between changes over time. Results There was no significant change in mean measured VO2max between baseline and follow-up (p = 0.91), however large individual variations were noted (-0.78 to 0.61 L/min). The correlation between individual change in measured and estimated VO2max was r = 0.75 (p < 0.05), and the unstandardised B-coefficient from linear regression modelling was 0.88 (95% CI: 0.61 to 1.15), i.e., for each litre of change in estimated VO2max, the measured value had changed 0.88 L. The correlation between baseline and follow-up errors (the difference between estimated-measured VO2max at each occasion) was r = 0.84 (p < 0.05). With regard to the testing procedure, repeated measures ANOVA revealed that there was no significant difference between the group who exercised at the same work rates at baseline and follow-up (n = 25), and those who required a change in work rate (n = 10). Conclusion The EB test detected a change in VO2max with reasonably good precision over a time span of 5–8 years. Further studies are needed to evaluate if the test can be used in clinical populations and in subjects with different medications.

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Different Shoulder Exercises Affect the Activation of Deltoid Portions in Resistance-Trained Individuals

Journal of Human Kinetics ◽

10.2478/hukin-2020-0033 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 75 (1) ◽

pp. 5-14

Author(s):

Yuri A. C. Campos ◽

Jeferson M. Vianna ◽

Miller P. Guimarães ◽

Jorge L. D. Oliveira ◽

Claudio Hernández-Mosqueira ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Repeated Measures ◽

Muscle Activation ◽

Bench Press ◽

Voluntary Contraction ◽

Data Normalization ◽

Significance Level ◽

Repeated Measures Anova ◽

Level Of Activity ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Anterior Deltoid

Abstract The aims of this study were to compare muscle activity of the anterior deltoid, medial deltoid, and posterior deltoid in the bench press, dumbbell fly, shoulder press, and lateral raise exercises. Thirteen men experienced in strength training volunteered for the study. Muscle activation was recorded during maximum isometric voluntary contraction (MVIC) for data normalization, and during one set of 12 repetitions with the load of 60% 1RM in all exercises proposed. One-way repeated-measures ANOVA with Bonferroni’s posthoc was applied using a 5% significance level. For anterior deltoid, the shoulder press (33.3% MVIC) presented a significantly higher level of activation when compared to other exercises. Also, no significant difference was found between the bench press (21.4% MVIC), lateral raise (21.2% MVIC), and dumbbell fly (18.8% MVIC). For the medial deltoid, the lateral raise (30.3% MVIC) and shoulder press (27.9% MVIC) presented a significantly higher level of activity than the bench press (5% MVIC) and dumbbell fly (3.4% MVIC). Besides, no significant difference was found between the bench press and the dumbbell fly. For the posterior deltoid, the lateral raise (24% MVIC) presented a significantly higher level of activation when compared to other exercises. For the posterior deltoid portion, the shoulder press (11.4% MVIC) was significantly more active than the bench press (3.5% MVIC) and dumbbell fly (2.5% MVIC). Moreover, no significant difference was found between the bench press and the dumbbell fly. In conclusion, the shoulder press and lateral raise exercises showed a higher level of muscle activation in the anterior deltoid and medial deltoid when compared to the bench press and dumbbell fly exercises.

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Minimum 3.5-year outcomes of operative treatment for Achilles tendon partial tears in the midportion and retrocalcaneal area

10.21203/rs.3.rs-23312/v3 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Heinz Lohrer

Keyword(s):

Achilles Tendon ◽

Repeated Measures ◽

Treatment Strategies ◽

Systematic Effect ◽

Partial Tear ◽

Partial Tears ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Respective Treatment ◽

Retrocalcaneal Bursa

Abstract Background: Achilles tendon partial tears are not easy to diagnose and to manage. Most frequently, they are located in the midportion and insertional area. These entities result from different pathologic pathways and different treatment strategies are applied. The outcome is rarely investigated. Methods: This study includes patients who underwent surgery for partial tears in the midportion or retrocalcaneal Achilles tendon area between the years 2009 and 2015 by a single surgeon. Patients were prospectively assessed preoperatively and 3, 6, and 12 months postoperatively, using the VISA-A-G questionnaire. The final retrospective follow-up was performed after a minimum of 3.5 years postoperatively. Forty-eight Achilles tendon partial tears at the level of the retrocalcaneal bursa (impingement lesions) and 27 midportion Achilles tendon partial tears were identified. After applying rigorous exclusion criteria, 21 and 16 cases, respectively, remained for the final follow-up. Results were analysed by inferential and descriptive statistics.Results: The VISA-A-G outcome scores improved significantly from preoperative to six months, 12 months, and final postoperative assessment. Preoperatively, the average VISA-A-G score was 42.1 (range, 18-73) for patients operated for Achilles tendon partial tears at the level of the retrocalcaneal bursa and 44.6 (range, 10-73) for the midportion Achilles tendon partial tear group, respectively. At final follow-up 88.8 (range, 15 to 100) and 96.9 (range, 71 to 100) were scored in the respective treatment groups. A repeated measures ANOVA determined that mean performance levels showed a statistically significant difference between measurements (p < 0.001). There was no systematic effect found between groups (p = 0.836).Conclusions: In Achilles tendon partial tears recalcitrant to conservative treatment, operative intervention is highly successful in most cases, irrespective of the level of the injury. Results were statistically equal when comparing the midportion and retrocalcaneal Achilles tendon partial tear groups. Trial registration: DRKS, DRKS00014266. Registered 06 April 2018. 'Retrospectively registered', https://www.drks.de/drks_web/navigate.do?navigationId=results .

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Evaluation of crestal bone resorption around cylindrical and conical implants following 6 months of loading: A randomized clinical trial

European Journal of Dentistry ◽

10.4103/ejd.ejd_38_17 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 11 (03) ◽

pp. 317-322 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Naser Sargolzaie ◽

Hamid Reza Arab ◽

Marzieh Mohammadi Moghaddam

Keyword(s):

Bone Loss ◽

Chi Square ◽

Pocket Depth ◽

Significance Level ◽

Crestal Bone Loss ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Chi Square Test ◽

Male Patients ◽

Maxilla And Mandible

ABSTRACT Objective: The purpose of this clinical study was to evaluate the effect of implant body form (cylindrical and conical implants) on crestal bone levels during 6 months' follow-up after loading. Materials and Methods: A total of 32 SPI implants (19 conical implants/13 cylindrical implants) were randomly placed in 12 male patients using a submerged approach. None of the patients had compromising medical conditions or parafunctional habits. Periapical radiographs using the parallel technique were taken after clinical loading and 6 months later. Clinical indices including pocket depth and bleeding on probing (BOP) were recorded on 6-month follow-up. Data were analyzed by independent samples t-test and Chi-square test with a significance level of 0.05. Results: Six months after loading, crestal bone loss was 0.84 (±0.29) mm around the cylindrical implants and 0.73 (±0.62) mm around the conical types, which was not significantly different (P = 0.54). Pocket depth around the cylindrical and conical implants was 2.61 (±0.45) mm and 2.36 (±0.44) mm, respectively (P = 0.13). BOP was observed among 53.8% and 47.4% of the cylindrical implants and conical (P = 0.13). Bone loss and pocket depth in the maxilla and mandible had no significant difference (P = 0.46 and P = 0.09, respectively). Conclusion: In this study, although bone loss and clinical parameters were slightly higher in the cylindrical implants, there was no significant difference between the conical- and cylindrical-shaped implants.

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Assessment of the Value of Preoperative Serum Levels of CA 242 and CEA in the Staging and Postoperative Survival of Colorectal Adenocarcinoma Patients

The International Journal of Biological Markers ◽

10.1177/172460080301800305 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 18 (3) ◽

pp. 182-187 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

S.B. Kim ◽

L.C. Fernandes ◽

S.S. Saad ◽

D. Matos

Keyword(s):

Colorectal Adenocarcinoma ◽

Radical Surgery ◽

Roc Curves ◽

Serum Levels ◽

Control Group ◽

Significance Level ◽

Ca 242 ◽

Preoperative Serum ◽

Significant Difference

Introduction CEA is the most frequently used tumor marker in colorectal cancer. There may be an improvement in its efficacy when used in association with CA 242. Aim The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of preoperative serum levels of the tumor markers CA 242 and CEA in the staging and postoperative follow-up of colorectal adenocarcinoma patients. Patients and Methods Of a series of 134 patients with colorectal adenocarcinomas 90 underwent radical surgery and 44 palliative surgery. The control group consisted of 22 organ donors. The cutoff serum levels utilized were 5 ng/mL for CEA and 20 U/mL for CA 242. The mortality during follow-up was recorded in order to determine the duration of survival. The data were submitted to statistical analysis using diagnostic tests, the chi-square test, survival analysis (Kaplan and Meier) and ROC curves. A significance level of p ≤ 0.05 was applied. Results The sensitivity of CEA in Dukes’ stages A, B, C and D was 27.8%, 32.4%, 32.1% and 66.7%, respectively. The sensitivity of CA 242 was 11.1%, 16.2%, 30.8% and 50%. When both markers were combined, the sensitivity was 33.3%, 48.6%, 40.7% and 72.5%. In the group of patients who underwent radical surgery the mean survival was 60.47 months for those with high preoperative CEA levels, 52.22 months for those with high preoperative CA 242 levels, and 44.80 months for those with elevated levels of both markers. There was a statistically significant difference in survival between patients undergoing radical surgery with elevated CA 242 levels, especially when CEA was also elevated, and patients without elevated CA 242. Conclusion Preoperative serum levels of CA 242 showed less efficacy than CEA levels for the staging of colorectal adenocarcinoma patients. Elevated preoperative serum levels of CA 242 alone were related to poor survival, especially in association with high levels of CEA.

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The role of bone marrow edema on autologous matrix induced chondrogenesis for the treatment of osteochondral lesions of the talus

Foot & Ankle Orthopaedics ◽

10.1177/2473011417s000151 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 2 (3) ◽

pp. 2473011417S0001

Author(s):

Riccardo D’Ambrosi ◽

Camilla Maccario ◽

Federico Giuseppe Usuelli

Keyword(s):

Bone Marrow ◽

Repeated Measures ◽

Bone Marrow Edema ◽

Lesion Size ◽

Osteochondral Lesions ◽

Significant Difference ◽

T1 And T2 ◽

Marrow Edema

Category: Ankle, Arthroscopy, Basic Sciences/Biologics Introduction/Purpose: to assess the functional and radiological outcomes after AT-AMIC® (arthroscopic talus autologous matrix induced chondrogenesis) in 2 groups: patients with and without bone marrow edema (BME). Methods: Thirty-seven patients of which 24 without edema (GNE) and 13 with edema (GE) were evaluated. All patients were treated with AT-AMIC® repair for osteochondral talar lesion. MRI and CT-scan evaluations, as well as clinical evaluations measured by the VAS score for pain, AOFAS and SF-12 were performed preoperatively (T0) and at 6 (T1), 12 (T2), and 24 (T3) months postoperatively. Results: GNE consisted of 24 patients while GE consisted of 13 patients. In both groups we found a significant difference for clinical and radiological parameters with ANOVA for repeated measures through four time points(p<0.001). In GNE, AOFAS improved significantly at each follow-up(p<0.05); while CT and MRI showed a significant decrease between T1 and T2 and T2 and T3(p<0.05). In GE, AOFAS improved significantly between T0 and T1 and T2 and T3(p<0.05); CT decreased between T1 and T2(p<0.05), while MRI showed a reduction at each follow-up(p<0.05). Lesion size was significantly higher both in MRI and CT in GE in respect to GNE(p<0.05). In the GNE no patients presented edema at T3, while in GE only 23.08% of the patients presented edema at T3. Conclusion: The study revealed that osteochondral lesions of the talus were characterized by bigger size both in MRI and CT in patients with edema. We conclude that AT-AMIC® can be considered a safe and reliable procedure that allows effective healing, regardless of edema and more than half of patients did not present edema six months after surgery.

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Gender Differences in Perceived Fitness Disappear When Exercise Activity Is Standardized

Women in Sport and Physical Activity Journal ◽

10.1123/wspaj.7.1.117 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

pp. 117-124 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Taru Lintunen

Keyword(s):

Gender Differences ◽

Activity Level ◽

Physical Competence ◽

Physically Active ◽

Highly Active ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Exercise Activity ◽

Difference Test ◽

Scale Data

Participation in sport is an important correlate of perceptions of physical competence, with physically active adolescents having more favorable perceptions than sedentary adolescents. Exercise activity has not, however, been standardized in earlier studies in which girls have consistently scored lower than boys in measures of perceived physical competence. The purpose of this study is to examine gender differences in perceived fitness among adolescents in relation to exercise activity during a four-year follow-up. The participants (n=88) were divided into sedentary (20 girls, 15 boys), physically active (10 girls, 20 boys), and highly active (8 girls, 15 boys) groups. Perceived physical competence was measured by Lintunen’s Perceived Fitness Scale. Data were analyzed using one-and twoway analyses of variance and the least significant difference test. No differences were found in perceived fitness between the girls and boys in any activity group at any age. More physically active groups showed higher perceived fitness among both sexes than the sedentary group when measured at the ages 11,12,13,14, and 15. I concluded that physical activity level is more important than gender as a determinant of perceived physical competence. Boys are, on the average, more actively involved in exercise than girls. This may be the reason that they have consistently scored higher in measures of perceived physical competence.

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Sight-Singing Scores of High School Choristers with Extensive Training in Movable Solfège Syllables and Curwen Hand Signs

Journal of Research in Music Education ◽

10.1177/0022429408323290 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 56 (3) ◽

pp. 255-266 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Alan C. McClung

Keyword(s):

High School ◽

Knowledge Base ◽

Repeated Measures ◽

The Other ◽

Sight Singing ◽

Repeated Measures Anova ◽

Pedagogical Strategy ◽

Extensive Training ◽

Significant Difference ◽

The Mean

Randomly chosen high school choristers with extensive training in solfège syllables and Curwen hand signs ( N = 38) are asked to sight-sing two melodies, one while using Curwen hand signs and the other without. Out of a perfect score of 16, the mean score with hand signs was 10.37 ( SD = 4.23), and without hand signs, 10.84 ( SD = 3.96). A repeated-measures ANOVA revealed no statistically significant difference, F(1, 37) = .573, p = .454. These findings support the results of five earlier studies; however, because earlier studies were limited to students who were minimally trained in movable solfège syllables and Curwen hand signs, this study expands the knowledge base. Relationships between performance scores and instrumental experience, class grade, sight-singing experience, and hand sign experience were also examined. A pedagogical strategy for linking Curwen hand signs with students' preferred modes of learning (especially the kinesthetic mode) is recommended.

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Coadministration of ibuprofen/caffeine on bleaching-induced tooth sensitivity: A randomized clinical trial

Brazilian Dental Journal ◽

10.1590/0103-6440202104138 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 32 (3) ◽

pp. 105-115

Author(s):

Karine Letícia da Silva ◽

Elisama Sutil ◽

Diego Hortkoff ◽

Renata Maria Oleniki Terra ◽

Márcia Rezende ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Clinical Trial ◽

Randomized Clinical Trial ◽

Repeated Measures ◽

Rating Scale ◽

Absolute Risk ◽

Tooth Sensitivity ◽

Dental Bleaching ◽

Significance Level ◽

Significant Difference ◽

The Absolute

Abstract This clinical trial evaluated the effect of the coadministration of ibuprofen/caffeine on bleaching-induced tooth sensitivity (TS). A triple-blind, parallel-design, randomized clinical trial was conducted on 84 patients who received ibuprofen/caffeine or placebo capsules. The drugs were administered for 48 hours, starting 1 hour before the in-office bleaching. Two bleaching sessions were performed with 35% hydrogen peroxide gel with 1-week interval. TS was recorded up to 48 hours after dental bleaching with a 0-10 visual analogic scale (VAS) and a 5-point numeric rating scale (NRS). The color was evaluated with VITA Classical and VITA Bleachedguide scales (ΔSGU) and VITA Easyshade spectrophotometer (ΔE*ab and ΔE00). The absolute risk of TS in both groups was evaluated using Fischer's exact test. Comparisons of the TS intensity (NRS and VAS data) were performed by using the Mann-Whitney test and a two-way repeated measures ANOVA, respectively. The color alteration between the groups was compared with the Student's t test. The significance level was 5%. There was no statistically significant difference between the groups for the absolute risk of TS (p = 1.00) or for the intensity of TS (p > 0.05). A bleaching of approximately 7 shade guide units was observed on the Vita Classical and Vita Bleachedguide scales, with no statistical difference between the groups. It was concluded that coadministration of ibuprofen and caffeine did not reduce the absolute risk or intensity of TS and did not interfere with the efficacy of dental bleaching.

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