Different Shoulder Exercises Affect the Activation of Deltoid Portions in Resistance-Trained Individuals

Abstract The aims of this study were to compare muscle activity of the anterior deltoid, medial deltoid, and posterior deltoid in the bench press, dumbbell fly, shoulder press, and lateral raise exercises. Thirteen men experienced in strength training volunteered for the study. Muscle activation was recorded during maximum isometric voluntary contraction (MVIC) for data normalization, and during one set of 12 repetitions with the load of 60% 1RM in all exercises proposed. One-way repeated-measures ANOVA with Bonferroni’s posthoc was applied using a 5% significance level. For anterior deltoid, the shoulder press (33.3% MVIC) presented a significantly higher level of activation when compared to other exercises. Also, no significant difference was found between the bench press (21.4% MVIC), lateral raise (21.2% MVIC), and dumbbell fly (18.8% MVIC). For the medial deltoid, the lateral raise (30.3% MVIC) and shoulder press (27.9% MVIC) presented a significantly higher level of activity than the bench press (5% MVIC) and dumbbell fly (3.4% MVIC). Besides, no significant difference was found between the bench press and the dumbbell fly. For the posterior deltoid, the lateral raise (24% MVIC) presented a significantly higher level of activation when compared to other exercises. For the posterior deltoid portion, the shoulder press (11.4% MVIC) was significantly more active than the bench press (3.5% MVIC) and dumbbell fly (2.5% MVIC). Moreover, no significant difference was found between the bench press and the dumbbell fly. In conclusion, the shoulder press and lateral raise exercises showed a higher level of muscle activation in the anterior deltoid and medial deltoid when compared to the bench press and dumbbell fly exercises.

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Quantifying Topographical Changes in Muscle Activation: A Statistical Parametric Mapping Approach

Proceedings ◽

10.3390/proceedings2020049071 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 49 (1) ◽

pp. 71

Author(s):

Patricio A. Pincheira ◽

Eduardo Martinez-Valdes ◽

Carlos De la Fuente ◽

Felipe Palma ◽

Oscar Valencia ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Repeated Measures ◽

Muscle Activation ◽

Plantar Flexion ◽

Statistical Parametric Mapping ◽

High Sensitivity ◽

Voluntary Contraction ◽

Medial Gastrocnemius ◽

Isometric Contractions ◽

Parametric Mapping ◽

Repeated Measures Anova

Regional changes in muscle activation occur at different contraction intensities. These changes can be observed with activity maps created with high-density electromyography (HDEMG). When quantifying these changes, statistical parametric mapping (SPM) is a neuroimaging technique that may be used to perform statistical analyses with high sensitivity and spatial resolution. The aim of this study was to identify regional changes in muscle activation at different contraction intensities, comparing SPM and the HDEMG barycenter (centroid). Twelve participants performed plantar flexion isometric contractions at 20%, 40%, and 60% of the maximal voluntary contraction (MVC), while HDEMG was recorded from the medial gastrocnemius. An SPM repeated measures ANOVA design revealed specific mediolateral and cephalocaudal changes in muscle activation with increasing contraction intensities, which were not clearly detected by the variation in the barycenter coordinates. Only SPM revealed statistically significant nonuniform changes in EMG amplitude between all increasing levels of muscle activation.

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Effects of three protocols of hamstring muscle stretching and paravertebral lumbar

Fisioterapia em Movimento ◽

10.1590/0103-5150.027.001.ao09 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 27 (1) ◽

pp. 85-92 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Juliana Moesch ◽

Juliana Schmatz Mallmann ◽

Flávia Tomé ◽

Lizyana Vieira ◽

Rodolfo Tozeto Ciqueleiro ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Repeated Measures ◽

Activity Level ◽

Hamstring Muscle ◽

Significance Level ◽

Repeated Measures Anova ◽

Control Stage ◽

Muscle Stretching ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation

Introduction the muscle stretching is widely used to gain extensibility and flexibility, it is important to know the duration of these effects, after return to usual activity level. Thus, the aim of this study was to analyze the effect of three protocols of hamstring and paravertebral lumbar muscles stretching, and joint flexibility and muscle extensibility after six weeks. Methods participants were 40 volunteers, with limited hamstring extensibility, randomized into three groups: active stretching static (n = 14), proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (n = 14) and kinesiostretching (n = 12). The protocol was divided into 3 stages: the 1st control (six weeks), the 2nd application of stretch (six weeks) and the 3rd follow-up (eight weeks). The project was approved by the Ethics Committee on Human Research Unioeste, under protocol number 25536/2008. Four evaluations were conducted with board coupled to a system and goniometry and Well´s bench, distributed at the beginning and end of each step. Data were analyzed with repeated measures ANOVA, and one-way, with a significance level of 5%. Results there was no significant difference for the three groups in the control stage. There were significant differences in the three protocols in the stage of stretching. After follow-up stage, there was significant difference in the ratings to the board goniometry, and there was no difference in the Well’s Bench. Conclusion the three techniques promoted significant gain in extensibility and flexibility, extensibility was not maintained after the follow-up stage, and the flexibility of the posterior chain continued gains.

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Validation and comparison of trunk muscle activities in male participants during exercise using an innovative device and abdominal bracing maneuvers

Journal of Back and Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation ◽

10.3233/bmr-210001 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-8

Author(s):

Yuki Kurokawa ◽

Satoshi Kato ◽

Satoru Demura ◽

Kazuya Shinmura ◽

Noriaki Yokogawa ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Muscle Activity ◽

Muscle Activation ◽

Voluntary Contraction ◽

Trunk Muscle ◽

Erector Spinae ◽

Trunk Muscles ◽

Activity Levels ◽

Significant Difference ◽

External Oblique ◽

Internal Oblique

BACKGROUND: Abdominal bracing is effective in strengthening the trunk muscles; however, assessing performance can be challenging. We created a device for performing abdominal trunk muscle exercises. The effectiveness of this device has not yet been evaluated or compared OBJECTIVE: We aimed to quantify muscle activity levels during exercise using our innovative device and to compare them with muscle activation during abdominal bracing maneuvers. METHODS: This study included 10 men who performed abdominal bracing exercises and exercises using our device. We measured surface electromyogram (EMG) activities of the rectus abdominis (RA), external oblique, internal oblique (IO), and erector spinae (ES) muscles in each of the exercises. The EMG data were normalized to those recorded during maximal voluntary contraction (%EMGmax). RESULTS: During the bracing exercise, the %EMGmax of IO was significantly higher than that of RA and ES (p< 0.05), whereas during the exercises using the device, the %EMGmax of IO was significantly higher than that of ES (p< 0.05). No significant difference was observed in the %EMGmax of any muscle between bracing exercises and the exercises using the device (p= 0.13–0.95). CONCLUSIONS: The use of our innovative device results in comparable activation to that observed during abdominal bracing.

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Influence of Body Position on Shoulder and Trunk Muscle Activation During Resisted Isometric Shoulder External Rotation

Sports Health A Multidisciplinary Approach ◽

10.1177/1941738118769845 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 10 (4) ◽

pp. 355-360 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

David A. Krause ◽

Lucas G. Dueffert ◽

Jaclyn L. Postma ◽

Eric T. Vogler ◽

Amy J. Walsh ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Repeated Measures ◽

Muscle Activation ◽

External Rotation ◽

Body Position ◽

Trunk Muscle ◽

Trunk Muscles ◽

Emg Activity ◽

Convenience Sample ◽

Overhead Athletes ◽

Significant Difference

Background: External rotation (ER) strengthening of the shoulder is an integral component of rehabilitative and preventative programs for overhead athletes. A variety of shoulder ER strengthening exercises are reported, including those intended to integrate the core musculature. The purpose of this study was to examine ER torque and electromyographic (EMG) activation of shoulder and trunk muscles while performing resisted isometric shoulder ER in 3 positions (standing, side lying, and side plank). Hypothesis: Significantly greater force and shoulder muscle activation would be generated while side lying given the inherent stability of the position, and greater trunk muscle activation would be generated in the less stable plank position. Study Design: Quasi-experimental repeated-measures study. Level of Evidence: Level 5. Methods: A convenience sample of 25 healthy overhead recreational athletes (9 men, 16 women) participated in this study. EMG electrodes were placed on the infraspinatus, posterior deltoid, middle trapezius, multifidi, internal obliques, and external obliques. EMG signals were normalized to a maximal isometric contraction. Participants performed resisted isometric ER in standing, side-lying, and side plank positions. Results were analyzed using a repeated-measures analysis of variance with post hoc Bonferroni corrections (α = 0.05). Results: There was no significant difference in ER torque between positions (α = 0.05). A significant difference in EMG activity of shoulder and trunk musculature between positions was found in 7 of the 8 muscles monitored. Significantly greater EMG activity in the infraspinatus, middle trapezius, and the nondominant external and internal obliques was found in the side plank position as compared with standing and side lying. Conclusion: While there was no difference in ER torque between the 3 exercise positions, EMG activity of the shoulder and trunk muscles was dependent on body position. Clinical Relevance: If a clinician is seeking to integrate trunk muscle activation while performing shoulder ER strengthening, the side plank position is preferred as compared with standing or side lying.

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Sight-Singing Scores of High School Choristers with Extensive Training in Movable Solfège Syllables and Curwen Hand Signs

Journal of Research in Music Education ◽

10.1177/0022429408323290 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 56 (3) ◽

pp. 255-266 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Alan C. McClung

Keyword(s):

High School ◽

Knowledge Base ◽

Repeated Measures ◽

The Other ◽

Sight Singing ◽

Repeated Measures Anova ◽

Pedagogical Strategy ◽

Extensive Training ◽

Significant Difference ◽

The Mean

Randomly chosen high school choristers with extensive training in solfège syllables and Curwen hand signs ( N = 38) are asked to sight-sing two melodies, one while using Curwen hand signs and the other without. Out of a perfect score of 16, the mean score with hand signs was 10.37 ( SD = 4.23), and without hand signs, 10.84 ( SD = 3.96). A repeated-measures ANOVA revealed no statistically significant difference, F(1, 37) = .573, p = .454. These findings support the results of five earlier studies; however, because earlier studies were limited to students who were minimally trained in movable solfège syllables and Curwen hand signs, this study expands the knowledge base. Relationships between performance scores and instrumental experience, class grade, sight-singing experience, and hand sign experience were also examined. A pedagogical strategy for linking Curwen hand signs with students' preferred modes of learning (especially the kinesthetic mode) is recommended.

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Coadministration of ibuprofen/caffeine on bleaching-induced tooth sensitivity: A randomized clinical trial

Brazilian Dental Journal ◽

10.1590/0103-6440202104138 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 32 (3) ◽

pp. 105-115

Author(s):

Karine Letícia da Silva ◽

Elisama Sutil ◽

Diego Hortkoff ◽

Renata Maria Oleniki Terra ◽

Márcia Rezende ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Clinical Trial ◽

Randomized Clinical Trial ◽

Repeated Measures ◽

Rating Scale ◽

Absolute Risk ◽

Tooth Sensitivity ◽

Dental Bleaching ◽

Significance Level ◽

Significant Difference ◽

The Absolute

Abstract This clinical trial evaluated the effect of the coadministration of ibuprofen/caffeine on bleaching-induced tooth sensitivity (TS). A triple-blind, parallel-design, randomized clinical trial was conducted on 84 patients who received ibuprofen/caffeine or placebo capsules. The drugs were administered for 48 hours, starting 1 hour before the in-office bleaching. Two bleaching sessions were performed with 35% hydrogen peroxide gel with 1-week interval. TS was recorded up to 48 hours after dental bleaching with a 0-10 visual analogic scale (VAS) and a 5-point numeric rating scale (NRS). The color was evaluated with VITA Classical and VITA Bleachedguide scales (ΔSGU) and VITA Easyshade spectrophotometer (ΔE*ab and ΔE00). The absolute risk of TS in both groups was evaluated using Fischer's exact test. Comparisons of the TS intensity (NRS and VAS data) were performed by using the Mann-Whitney test and a two-way repeated measures ANOVA, respectively. The color alteration between the groups was compared with the Student's t test. The significance level was 5%. There was no statistically significant difference between the groups for the absolute risk of TS (p = 1.00) or for the intensity of TS (p > 0.05). A bleaching of approximately 7 shade guide units was observed on the Vita Classical and Vita Bleachedguide scales, with no statistical difference between the groups. It was concluded that coadministration of ibuprofen and caffeine did not reduce the absolute risk or intensity of TS and did not interfere with the efficacy of dental bleaching.

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Comparing the Effect of Face-To-Face Education and E-learning on the Physical Activity of the Elderly

Journal of Holistic Nursing and Midwifery ◽

10.32598/jhnm.31.1.2037 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 31 (1) ◽

pp. 35-43

Author(s):

Shahab Papi ◽

◽

Yadollah Abolfathi Momtaz ◽

Mahshid Foroughan ◽

Farahnaz Mohammadi Shahboulaghi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Repeated Measures ◽

The Elderly ◽

Learning Methods ◽

Significance Level ◽

Face To Face ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Educational Groups ◽

E Learning ◽

Post Hoc

Introduction: Regular physical activity is very effective in preventing or delaying chronic diseases and premature death in the elderly. Objective: This study aimed to compare the effect of face-to-face education and e-learning methods on the physical activity of the elderly. Materials and Methods: This is a quasi-experimental study conducted in Karaj, Iran in 2018. The participants were 88 elderly people referred to a senior rehab center and then were assigned into three groups of face-to-face education (n=30), e-learning (n=28), and control (n=30).The study data were collected by a demographic form and the 41-item community healthy activities program for seniors questionnaire (CHAMPS) before the intervention, 1 month after the intervention, and 3-month follow-up. Face-to-face education and e-learning were presented to the two educational groups’ during eight 20-minute sessions. The obtained data were analyzed using ANOVA, Bonferroni post hoc test, the Chi-square test, and repeated measures ANOVA. The significance level was set at0.05. Results: Between the two educational groups, a significant difference was observed in the mean score of physical activity at three measurement phases (P = 0.001).The effect size was 0.61 for face-to-face education and 0.64 for e-learning. Based on the results of the Bonferroni post hoc test, there was no significant difference between e-learning and face-to-face education groups. Conclusion: Both face-to-face and e-learning methods were effective in promoting the physical activity behavior of the elderly. E-learning method can be used as one of the complementary methods of traditional education for improving the physical activity of the elderly.

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Evaluation of the effects of Vitamin C on Epithelialization of Burn Wounds: A Randomized Clinical Trial

10.21203/rs.3.rs-28024/v2 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Mohammd Haddadi ◽

Elaheh Jaghouri ◽

Davood Robat Sarpooshi ◽

Fateme Ghobadi ◽

Hamid Robat Sarpooshi

Keyword(s):

Clinical Trial ◽

Vitamin C ◽

Repeated Measures ◽

Assessment Tool ◽

Burn Wound ◽

Repeated Measures Anova ◽

Burn Wounds ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Treatment Data ◽

Second Degree

Abstract Objectives The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of topical vitamin C on second-degree burn wounds restoration. This was a clinical trial. The sample size was determined as 30. Participants were selected from patients suffering from second-degree burns who visited the Burn Center of Vaseei Hospital in Sabzevar. Both intervention and control groups targeted one patient.Dressing was changed in a daily manner after cleansing. A topical vitamin C solution was administered on the wounds. The Bates-Jensen Wound Assessment Tool was used to evaluate burn wound parameters in the 1 st , 3 rd , 7 th , and 14 th days of treatment. Data was analyzed using SPSS v.16 and ‘’repeated measures ANOVA. Results The average age of participants was 43.33 ± 11.9 years and 60% of the participants were males and 40% of them were females. The results of repeated measures ANOVA showed a statistically significant difference in mean scores of the wound between the two treatments (P = 0.047), wound healing significantly differed in the two groups and topical vitamin C solution had a significant effect on the acceleration of wound Epithelialization. The administration of topical vitamin C is recommended for epithelialization of second-degree burns.

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Effect of using trace minerals (copper, zinc, selenium, and manganese) and vitamins A and E on the metabolic profile of Holstein cows in the transition period

Semina Ciências Agrárias ◽

10.5433/1679-0359.2019v40n5p1879 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 40 (5) ◽

pp. 1879

Author(s):

Silvana Giacomini Collet ◽

Rejane Dos Santos Sousa ◽

Enrico Lippi Ortolani ◽

André Thaler Neto ◽

Michèli Cristina Carpeggiani ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Repeated Measures ◽

Transition Period ◽

Block Design ◽

Trace Minerals ◽

Holstein Cows ◽

Control Group ◽

Significance Level ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Copper Zinc ◽

Metabolic Challenge

The aim of this study was to assess the metaphylactic effect of subcutaneous doses of trace minerals (copper, zinc, selenium, and manganese) and vitamins A and E on biochemical (NEFA, BHBA, fructosamine, urea, triglycerides, HDL, and calcium) and hormonal parameters (cortisol, insulin, and IGF-1) of Holstein cows in the transition period. Sixty animals kept in a semi-confinement system, with an average production of 22 liters of milk per day (Farm 1) and 24 liters of milk per day (Farm 2) and a diet according to NRC (2001) with a low metabolic challenge, were divided into two groups: a treatment group, supplemented with trace minerals and vitamins (MTVG) (n=30), and a control group (CG) (n=30). The collection of blood samples was performed at the moments M1 (21 days prepartum), M2 (14 days prepartum), M3 (7 days prepartum), M4 (parturition day), M5 (7 days postpartum), M6 (14 days postpartum), and M7 (21 days postpartum). The experimental design was a randomized block design and the data were submitted to analysis of variance with repeated measures in time within the random variable cow. Differences were considered significant at 5% significance level and trend at 10% level. No difference was observed between treatment and the interaction treatment × day in the assessed parameters. However, some variables showed a significant difference of day. NEFA levels (P < 0.0001) were higher on the parturition day. BHBA concentrations were higher after parturition (P=0.0031), with a peak at the third week of lactation. Fructosamine showed increasing values until the parturition day (P=0.0373), in which higher concentrations were observed. Average values of HDL were higher at 21 days postpartum (P < 0.0001). Triglycerides levels remained high during the prepartum period but showed a sudden drop on the parturition day (P < 0.0001), with lower values postpartum. Regarding serum calcium and IGF-1, lower values were observed on the parturition day (P < 0.001) for both parameters. Cortisol presented a difference regarding day, with higher values on the parturition day (P=0.0151). Thus, the use of trace minerals and vitamins A and E in animals with an adequate body score and low metabolic challenge presents a low response to biochemical and hormonal parameters.

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Abstract 12918: Vitamin D Supplementation Did Not Have an Effect on Serum Total or Subclasses of High-Density Lipoprotein-Cholesterol; A Pilot Study

Circulation ◽

10.1161/circ.132.suppl_3.12918 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 132 (suppl_3) ◽

Author(s):

Patricia G Weyland ◽

Steven M Paul ◽

Jill Howie-Esquivel

Keyword(s):

Vitamin D ◽

Repeated Measures ◽

Reductase Inhibitor ◽

Pearson Correlation ◽

Causal Mechanism ◽

Hmg Coa Reductase ◽

Repeated Measures Anova ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Hmg Coa Reductase Inhibitor ◽

Coa Reductase

Introduction: Both prevalent and incident CVD are negatively associated with 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH] D) levels but the existence of a causal mechanism has yet to be determined. Vitamin D (D) supplementation may increase total HDL-c or one of the HDL subclasses; HDL2 and HDL3 and decrease CVD. The effect of D supplementation with HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor use on HDL-c, HDL2, and HDL3 also remains unclear. Hypotheses: We assessed the following two hypotheses; 1) HDL-c, HDL2, or HDL3 levels will increase with D supplementation for 12 weeks versus placebo and 2) HDL-c, HDL2, or HDL3 levels will increase with D supplementation for 12 weeks with HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor use versus without HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor use. Methods: Serum sample data, including 25(OH) D, HDL-c, HDL2, and HDL3 levels, from a randomized double-blinded placebo-controlled trial conducted between 2008 and 2012 were secondarily analyzed. Statistical analyses included Pearson correlation and Repeated-Measures ANOVA. Results: Hypothesis #1; of the 59 participants (mean age=56.0 years), 39 had a deficient (< 20 ng/mL) baseline 25(OH) D level. Hypothesis #2; of the 40 participants (mean age=56.5 years) 23 had a deficient (< 20 ng/mL) baseline 25(OH) D level. Pearson correlation showed 12-week 25(OH) D levels were moderately positively correlated with 12-week HDL-c (0.337, p ≤ 0.05) and 12-week HDL3 (0.356 p ≤ 0.05) levels but not at baseline. Hypotheses #1 and #2; baseline and 12-week levels for HDL-c, HDL2, and HDL3 were moderately to strongly positively correlated with female gender and moderately to strongly negatively correlated with BMI. Some participants did not achieve sufficient 25(OH) D levels. Repeated-Measures ANOVA with one between-subjects factor; group, and one within-subjects factor; time, showed no statistically significant difference in the mean change in HDL-c, HDL2 or HDL3 for D supplementation versus placebo or for D supplementation with versus without HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor use. Conclusions: Future studies may provide more informative results if they include; more participants, deficient 25(OH) D level as an inclusion criteria, and continued D supplementation until sufficiency is attained versus discontinuation after a pre-specified time period.

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