scholarly journals Coccidoxenoides perminutus parasitizing Planococcus citri on vine in Brazil

2016 ◽  
Vol 46 (7) ◽  
pp. 1130-1133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Herlândia de Araújo Fernandes ◽  
José Eudes de Morais Oliveira ◽  
Valmir Antônio Costa ◽  
Karen Oliveira de Menezes
Keyword(s):  
Pest Control ◽  
Natural Enemies ◽  
Natural Enemy ◽  
Planococcus Citri ◽  
Citrus Mealybug ◽  
Table Grapes ◽  
First Time ◽  
Natural Agent

ABSTRACT: From those of the mealybug family, the citrus mealybug, Planococcus citriRisso, 1813 (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) is frequently held responsible for various diseases occurring in vineyards. This is a first time report in Brazil, on the occurrence of a parasitoid controlling P. citri. In our search for the natural enemies of P. citri, bunches of grapes with the vine were collected every week for one month, in those regions where table grapes were produced, like Petrolina, Pernambuco, Brazil. In these samples, among the natural pest infestations Coccidoxenoides perminutusGirault, 1915 (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) was the only natural enemy species reported. In this research, we attempted to study the potential of parasitism as well as the strategies that this natural agent uses in pest control.

scholarly journals Intercropping Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis) with Sweet Pepper (Capsicum annum) Reduces Major Pest Population Densities without Impacting Natural Enemy Populations

Insects ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 74
Author(s):  
Xiao-wei Li ◽  
Xin-xin Lu ◽  
Zhi-jun Zhang ◽  
Jun Huang ◽  
Jin-ming Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Integrated Pest Management ◽  
Pest Management ◽  
Pest Control ◽  
Natural Enemies ◽  
Natural Enemy ◽  
Sweet Pepper ◽  
Population Densities ◽  
Pest Population ◽  
Major Pest ◽  
Population Suppression

Intercropping of aromatic plants provides an environmentally benign route to reducing pest damage in agroecosystems. However, the effect of intercropping on natural enemies, another element which may be vital to the success of an integrated pest management approach, varies in different intercropping systems. Rosemary, Rosmarinus officinalis L. (Lamiaceae), has been reported to be repellent to many insect species. In this study, the impact of sweet pepper/rosemary intercropping on pest population suppression was evaluated under greenhouse conditions and the effect of rosemary intercropping on natural enemy population dynamics was investigated. The results showed that intercropping rosemary with sweet pepper significantly reduced the population densities of three major pest species on sweet pepper, Frankliniella intonsa, Myzus persicae, and Bemisia tabaci, but did not affect the population densities of their natural enemies, the predatory bug, Orius sauteri, or parasitoid, Encarsia formosa. Significant pest population suppression with no adverse effect on released natural enemy populations in the sweet pepper/rosemary intercropping system suggests this could be an approach for integrated pest management of greenhouse-cultivated sweet pepper. Our results highlight the potential of the integration of alternative pest control strategies to optimize sustainable pest control.

scholarly journals Effect of Potassium Bicarbonate (MilStop®) and Insecticides on the Citrus Mealybug, Planococcus citri (Risso), and the Natural Enemies Leptomastix dactylopii (Howard) and Cryptolaemus montrouzieri (Mulsant)

HortScience ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 48 (12) ◽  
pp. 1513-1517 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian K. Hogendorp ◽  
Raymond A. Cloyd
Keyword(s):  
Natural Enemies ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Potassium Bicarbonate ◽  
Planococcus Citri ◽  
Cryptolaemus Montrouzieri ◽  
Citrus Mealybug ◽  
Fungal Plant Pathogens ◽  
Percent Mortality ◽  
Leptomastix Dactylopii

Both laboratory and greenhouse experiments were conducted to determine if the fungicide, MilStop® (BioWorks, Victor, NY), which contains the active ingredient, potassium bicarbonate, has direct activity on the citrus mealybug, Planococcus citri Risso. Spray applications of four different rates (4.5, 5.9, 7.4, and 14.9 g·L–1) were applied to green coleus, Solenostemon scutellarioides (L.) Codd., plants infested with citrus mealybugs. In addition, experiments were conducted to assess both the direct and indirect effects of MilStop® on two natural enemies of the citrus mealybug: the parasitoid, Leptomastix dactylopii (Howard), and the coccinellid beetle, Cryptolaemus montrouzieri (Mulsant). MilStop® provided between 56% and 86% mortality of citrus mealybug; however, the highest rate (14.9 g·L–1) was phytotoxic to coleus plants. Percent mortality associated with the second highest rate (7.4 g·L–1) was 82%, which was comparable to acetamiprid (84%) applied at 0.05 g·L–1. For the natural enemies, MilStop® treatment rates of 1.5 and 3.5 g·L–1 resulted in 16% mortality, whereas the 5.5- and 9.0-g·L–1 rates resulted in 33% mortality of L. dactylopii adults. MilStop® treatment rates of 3.5, 5.5, 9.0, and 12.0 g·L–1 resulted in 30%, 60%, 40%, and 90% mortality, respectively, of C. montrouzieri adults. Therefore, depending on the application rate, this fungicide may inadvertently kill citrus mealybugs when used to control fungal plant pathogens. It should not disrupt biological control programs targeting citrus mealybug in greenhouses that involve releases of L. dactylopii when used at low application rates, whereas MilStop® applications should be properly timed when using C. montrouzieri.

scholarly journals A Holling Type II Pest and Natural Enemy Model with Density Dependent IPM Strategy

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xia Wang ◽  
Yuan Tian ◽  
Sanyi Tang
Keyword(s):  
Periodic Solution ◽  
Integrated Pest Management ◽  
Pest Management ◽  
Pest Control ◽  
Natural Enemies ◽  
Natural Enemy ◽  
Impulsive Control ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Threshold Condition ◽  
Density Dependent

Resource limitations and density dependent releasing of natural enemies during the pest control and integrated pest management will undoubtedly result in nonlinear impulsive control. In order to investigate the effects of those nonlinear control strategies on the successful pest control, we have proposed a pest-natural enemy system concerning integrated pest management with density dependent instant killing rate and releasing rate. In particular, the releasing rate depicts how the number of natural enemy populations released was guided by their current density at the fixed moment. The threshold condition which ensures the existence and global stability of pest-free periodic solution has been discussed first, and the effects of key parameters on the threshold condition reveal that reducing the pulse period does not always benefit pest control; that is, frequent releasing of natural enemies may not be beneficial to the eradication of pests when the density dependent releasing method has been implemented. Moreover, the forward and backward bifurcations could occur once the pest-free periodic solution becomes unstable, and the system could exist with very complex dynamics. All those results confirm that the control actions should be carefully designed once the nonlinear impulsive control measures have been taken for pest management.

scholarly journals Field Margin Vegetation in Tropical African Bean Systems Harbours Diverse Natural Enemies for Biological Pest Control in Adjacent Crops

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (22) ◽  
pp. 6399 ◽  
Author(s):  
Prisila A. Mkenda ◽  
Patrick A. Ndakidemi ◽  
Philip C. Stevenson ◽  
Sarah E. J. Arnold ◽  
Steven R. Belmain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pest Control ◽  
Natural Enemies ◽  
Natural Enemy ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Field Margins ◽  
Field Margin ◽  
Biological Pest Control ◽  
Sentinel Plants ◽  
Bean Crop ◽  
Control Service

Non-crop vegetation around farmland can be valuable habitats for enhancing ecosystem services but little is known of the importance of field margins in supporting natural enemies of insect pests in tropical agriculture. This study was conducted in smallholder bean fields in three elevation zones to assess the importance of field margin vegetation to natural enemy populations and movement to the bean crop for biological pest control. The pests and natural enemies were assessed using different coloured water pan traps (to ensure the capture of insects with different colour preferences) and the interactions of the two arthropod groups with the margin vegetation and their movement to the bean crop were monitored using fluorescent dye. Sentinel plants were used to assess predation and parasitism levels. A total of 5003 natural enemies were captured, more in the field margin than within the bean field for low and mid elevation zones, while in the high elevation zone, they were more abundant within the bean field. Pests were more abundant in the crop than margins for all the elevation zones. The use of a dye applied to margin vegetation demonstrated that common natural enemy taxa moved to the crop during the days after dye application. The proportion of dye-marked natural enemies (showing their origin to be margin vegetation) sampled from the crop suggest high levels of spatial flux in the arthropod assemblage. Aphid mortality rates (measured by prey removal and parasitism levels on sentinel plants) did not differ between the field edges and field centre in any of the three elevation zones, suggesting that for this pest taxon, the centre of the fields still receive comparable pest control service as in the field edges. This study found that field margins around smallholder bean fields are useful habitats to large numbers of natural enemy taxa that move to adjacent crops providing biological pest control service.

scholarly journals Dynamics of a Stage Structured Pest Control Model in a Polluted Environment with Pulse Pollution Input

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bing Liu ◽  
Ling Xu ◽  
Baolin Kang
Keyword(s):  
Pest Control ◽  
Natural Enemies ◽  
Natural Enemy ◽  
Sufficient Conditions ◽  
Stage Structure ◽  
Control Model ◽  
Polluted Environment ◽  
Impulsive Delay ◽  
Impulsive Delay Differential Equation ◽  
Delay Differential

By using pollution model and impulsive delay differential equation, we formulate a pest control model with stage structure for natural enemy in a polluted environment by introducing a constant periodic pollutant input and killing pest at different fixed moments and investigate the dynamics of such a system. We assume only that the natural enemies are affected by pollution, and we choose the method to kill the pest without harming natural enemies. Sufficient conditions for global attractivity of the natural enemy-extinction periodic solution and permanence of the system are obtained. Numerical simulations are presented to confirm our theoretical results.

Adaptive Release of Natural Enemies in a Pest-Natural Enemy System with Pesticide Resistance

2013 ◽  
Vol 75 (11) ◽  
pp. 2167-2195 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juhua Liang ◽  
Sanyi Tang ◽  
Robert A. Cheke ◽  
Jianhong Wu
Keyword(s):  
Natural Enemies ◽  
Natural Enemy ◽  
Pesticide Resistance

Occurrence and spread of Ceroplastes cirripediformis Comstock (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha: Coccidae) in India

Zootaxa ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 5039 (4) ◽  
pp. 561-570
Author(s):  
SUNIL JOSHI ◽  
HASEENA BHASKAR ◽  
V.S. AASHIQ POON ◽  
B.R. JAYANTHI MALA ◽  
P.D. KAMALA JAYANTHI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Host Range ◽  
Natural Enemies ◽  
Scale Insect ◽  
Indian Species ◽  
Broad Host Range ◽  
Management Options ◽  
Soft Scale ◽  
Plant Pest ◽  
Plant Families ◽  
First Time

The notoriously destructive and invasive soft scale, Ceroplastes cirripediformis Comstock (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha: Coccidae), is recorded for the first time from India. The scale is redescribed to facilitate its identification and information on its host range, natural enemies and distribution is provided. An identification key to the Indian species in this genus is given. Management options in the event of an outbreak are discussed briefly. The establishment of this scale insect warrants special attention in India as it is a potentially damaging plant pest and has a broad host range across many plant families.  

scholarly journals Application of Trap Cropping as Companion Plants for the Management of Agricultural Pests: A Review

Insects ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shovon Chandra Sarkar ◽  
Endong Wang ◽  
Shengyong Wu ◽  
Zhongren Lei
Keyword(s):  
Pest Management ◽  
Natural Enemies ◽  
Natural Enemy ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Critical Time ◽  
Trap Crops ◽  
Companion Plant ◽  
Trap Cropping

Companion planting is a well-known strategy to manage insect pests and support a natural enemy population through vegetative diversification. Trap cropping is one such type of special companion planting strategy that is traditionally used for insect pest management through vegetative diversification used to attract insect pests away from the main crops during a critical time period by providing them an alternative preferred choice. Trap crops not only attract the insects for feeding and oviposition, but also act as a sink for any pathogen that may be a vector. Considerable research has been conducted on different trap crops as companion plant species to develop improved pest management strategies. Despite this, little consensus exists regarding optimal trap cropping systems for diverse pest management situations. An advantage of trap cropping over an artificially released natural enemy-based biological control could be an attractive remedy for natural enemies in cropping systems. Besides, many trap crop species can conserve natural enemies. This secondary effect of attracting natural enemies may be an advantage compared to the conventional means of pest control. However, this additional consideration requires a more knowledge-intensive background to designing an effective trap cropping system. We have provided information based on different trap crops as companion plant, their functions and an updated list of trap cropping applications to attract insect pests and natural enemies that should be proven as helpful in future trap cropping endeavors.

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