scholarly journals Adherence to treatment for diabetes mellitus: validation of instruments for oral antidiabetics and insulin

2014 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lilian Cristiane Gomes-Villas Boas ◽  
Maria Luisa Soares Almeida Pedroso de Lima ◽  
Ana Emilia Pace
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
The Other ◽  
Face Validity ◽  
Oral Antidiabetics ◽  
Adherence To Treatment ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Validity Criterion ◽  
The Face

OBJECTIVES: to verify the face validity, criterion-related validity and the reliability of two distinct forms of presentation of the instrument Measurement of Adherence to Treatment, one being for ascertaining the adherence to the use of oral antidiabetics and the other for adherence to the use of insulin, as well as to assess differences in adherence between these two modes of drug therapy. METHOD: a methodological study undertaken with 90 adults with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. The criterion-related validity was verified using the Receiver Operating Characteristic curves; and for the reliability, the researchers calculated the Cronbach alpha coefficient, the item-total correlation, and the Pearson correlation coefficient. RESULTS: the oral antidiabetics and the other showed sensitivity of 0.84, specificity of 0.35 and a Cronbach correlation coefficient of 0.84. For the adherence to the use of insulin, the values found were, respectively, 0.60, 0.21 and 0.68. A statistically significant difference was found between the final scores of the two forms of the instrument, indicating greater adherence to the use of insulin than to oral antidiabetics. CONCLUSION: it is concluded that the two forms of the Measurement of Adherence to Treatment instrument are reliable and should be used to evaluate adherence to drug treatment among people with diabetes mellitus.

scholarly journals Equipping Adult Learners with Basic Literacy Skills for Cognitive Sustainability in Lagos State, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 64
Author(s):  
Blessing Anyikwa ◽  
Oyekunle Oyekunle Yinusa
Keyword(s):  
Adult Learners ◽  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Mother Tongue ◽  
Rank Order ◽  
Literacy Skills ◽  
State Agency ◽  
Face Validity ◽  
Mass Education ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Lagos State

Abstract  The non-literate adult citizens in Nigeria are often faced with the inability to apply mental intelligence in their lifestyles which is reducing their worth and relevance in the 21st century literate society. The study therefore, seeks to equip adult learners with basic literacy skills for cognitive sustainability in Lagos state, Nigeria. Four research questions were raised and answered; and four hypotheses were tested to guide the study. The study adopted descriptive survey research design. The instruments adopted for the study were Key Informant Interview (KII) and a Questionnaire. A 20-item questionnaire titled “Adult Learners’ Basic Literacy Skills Questionnaire”, (ALBLSQ) was developed by the researchers. The instrument was validated using content and face validity according to the standard approved by the National Mass Education Commission in Nigeria, and the State Agency for Mass Education in Lagos State, Nigeria (NMEC/NOGALSS). A total of one hundred and eighty (180) questionnaires were administered purposively to adult learners across the six NMEC/NOGALSS literacy centers in Lagos state, and one hundred and forty-five (145) were retrieved. The reliability of the instrument was confirmed using a test-retest procedure, which gave a correlation coefficient of 0.87. The data was presented using frequency distribution tables, percentages, and Bar Charts. The data was analyzed using Spearman Rank Order Correlation Coefficient and T-test statistical tools to test the hypotheses at 0.05 significance level. The study revealed that a significant difference exists between the performance of adult learners before intervention and the performance of adult learners after intervention of the adult basic literacy programme amongst others. The study concluded and recommended that the curriculum of the adult basic literacy should be designed to have a combination of English and mother tongue language as a medium of instruction in order to aid cognitive development among adult learners, inter alia.

scholarly journals Yield and yield components of papaya grown on Coto clay (Typic Eutrustox) and fertilized with chicken manure

1969 ◽  
Vol 88 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 123-134
Author(s):  
Miguel A. Muñoz ◽  
Nydia Rafols ◽  
Julia M. O’Hallorans
Keyword(s):  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Inorganic Fertilizer ◽  
Chicken Manure ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
Fertilizer Treatment ◽  
Soil Available Phosphorus ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Bray 1

A field experiment was established on Coto clay (Typic Eutrustox) to evaluate the use of chicken manure as fertilizer for papaya. Four manure rates (0, 5,10 and 15 t/ha) were evaluated in all possible combinations with four rates of inorganic fertilizer (0, 56, 112 and 224 g/plant/month of 15-15-15). Fresh and dry weight of papaya leaves (petioles and blades) increased significantly with manure applications, but no effect of inorganic fertilizer treatments was observed. Phosphorus and potassium concentration in papaya blades was higher in plots receiving 15 t/ha of chicken manure. Fertilizer applications increased K content in blades and decreased magnesium content. Both manure and fertilizer treatments increased fruit yield. The application of 10 and 15 t/ha of manure resulted in fruit yields of 42.19 and 54.76 t/ha. These yields were significantly higher than the yields obtained with the 0 and 5 t/ha treatments. The 0, 56,112 and 224 g/plant/month fertilizer treatments resulted in fruit yields of 28.11, 42.60, 37.22 and 38.25 t/ha, respectively. The yield of the 0 fertilizer treatment was significantly lower, but no significant difference was observed among the other fertilizer treatments. Chicken manure applications increased soil available phosphorus (Bray 1-P) from 16.57 to 28.64 mg/kg, and soil exchangeable potassium from 0.12 to 0.19 cmolc/kg. Fertilizer applications had no significant effect on these two parameters. A significant correlation was observed between papaya yield and Bray 1-P. A Pearson correlation coefficient of 0.65 was obtained when both manure and inorganic fertilizer plots were considered. The correlation coefficient increased to 0.82 when only manure-treated plots were considered, but decreased to 0.25 when only fertilizer-treated plots were considered. Manure applications were more effective in increasing soil available phosphorus than fertilizer applications. Manure applications apparently prevent phosphorus fixation on Coto clay, increasing soil available phosphorus and thus favoring higher fruit yields. 

scholarly journals The Relationship between Components of Work Engagement and Organizational Commitment of Female Employees of University

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 63
Author(s):  
Fatemeh Forootan Eghlidi ◽  
Fariba Karimi
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Commitment ◽  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Work Engagement ◽  
Stepwise Regression ◽  
Applied Research ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Female Employees ◽  
The Relationship

Aim: The present research was conducted with the aim of determining the relationship between the components of work engagement and organizational commitment of female employees working at University of Isfahan. Methods: The type of the research was an applied research by purpose and a descriptive correlational-type research by nature. The study population consisted of female employees at University of Isfahan, 428 individuals, of whom 202 individuals were chosen as sample according to stratified random sampling fit for the size. The measuring instrument was a questionnaire about organizational commitment by Mowday el al and a questionnaire on work engagement by Shaufeli et al. In the analysis of the findings of the research, Pearson correlation coefficient, stepwise regression, and multiple-way analysis of variance were used to examine the research hypotheses. Result: The results of the analyses indicated that correlation coefficient between work engagement and its components vigor (the desire for job), dedication, and absorption and organizational commitment is significant. Among the components of work engagement, dedication to work was the best predictor for organizational commitment. No significant difference was observed between opinions of respondents according to demographic factors concerning work engagement and organizational commitment. Conclusions: Manager implement professional standards and rules in organizations in order to maintain and promote the variables, provide employees with freedom of action and power in accordance with their duties and provide an intimate climate by involving them in decision makings

scholarly journals Abnormal Nerve Conduction Study Findings Indicating the Existence of Peripheral Neuropathy in Multiple Sclerosis and Neuromyelitis Optica

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoko Warabi ◽  
Mikihiro Yamazaki ◽  
Toshio Shimizu ◽  
Masahiro Nagao
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Peripheral Neuropathy ◽  
Neuromyelitis Optica ◽  
Nerve Conduction ◽  
Chronic Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyneuropathy ◽  
Nerve Conduction Studies ◽  
The Other ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyneuropathy

Objective. Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP) has been reported in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). However, there have been limited reports of peripheral neuropathy as a complication of neuromyelitis optica (NMO). In this paper, we showed the characteristics and differences between peripheral neuropathy as a complication of MS and NMO.Method. We analyzed a series of 58 MS and 28 NMO patients and evaluated nerve conduction studies (NCS) in 21 MS and 5 NMO patients.Results. Six of the 58 MS and 3 of the 28 NMO patients revealed abnormal NCS findings. Three (5.2%) of the 58 MS patients fulfilled the criteria for CIDP. One (3.6%) of the 28 NMO patients showed peripheral neuropathy at the same time of NMO relapse, although CIDP was not seen in NMO. The other 5 (3 MS and 2 NMO) patients were complicated with neuropathy caused by concomitant diabetes mellitus and Sjögren’s syndrome.Conclusion. Frequency of abnormal NCS findings might exhibit no significant difference between MS and NMO, although the cause and pathophysiology of peripheral neuropathy were different in MS and in NMO. There might be a group of NMO who were affected simultaneously in the central and peripheral nervous tissues.

scholarly journals Health education: the effects of an educational program on the health of hypertensive patients with low educational level

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
LAP Sousa ◽  
APP Campos ◽  
CM Araujo ◽  
IGS Moreira ◽  
G Santos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Health Education ◽  
Educational Level ◽  
Educational Program ◽  
The Other ◽  
Wilcoxon Test ◽  
Adherence To Treatment ◽  
Hypertensive Patients ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Level Of Knowledge

Abstract Funding Acknowledgements Type of funding sources: Public grant(s) – National budget only. Main funding source(s): FAPEMIG Introduction Health education is one of the most complete practices for supporting of patients with chronic diseases such as hypertension. It is important, however, to investigate which strategies would be more assertive in this process, depending on the objective and profile of the patient. Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of an interactive educational program on the health of hypertensive patients with low educational level in a Basic Health Unit in Brazil.  Methods: This is an almost experimental study, with a multidisciplinary approach, with 6 months of duration. Interactive workshops were held where topics related to hypertension, such as: pathophysiology, complications, drug and non-drug therapeutic approach and lifestyle change. It is important to emphasize that the work used interactive and playful sessions, such as games, videos and group dynamics.  The sample consisted of 35 hypertensive individuals submitted to blood pressure (systolic = SBP and diastolic = DBP) measurement, quality of life (Minichal), adherence to treatment (Martín-Bayarre-Grau), level of knowledge of the disease, physical activity (IPAQ) and anthropometric study evaluation. In addition, for analysis of the data, the sample was divided into two subgroups, according to the participation in the activities: adhered (n = 11) or not adhered (n = 24). Initially, descriptive statistics were used to present the study variables. Subsequently, the WILCOXON test was used to compare before and after and MANN-WHITNEY to compare the two groups, p = 0.05 was considered significant. Results: No significant difference was found relating the initial data in the two subgroups. After the educational program, a significant reduction was observed in relation to the SBP values: 9.8 mmHg in the adherent subgroup. On the other hand, there was increased 0.7 mmHg among non-adherents. The other evaluations did not change. It should be emphasized that the studied population demonstrated a satisfactory level of knowledge of the pathology and the therapeutic process necessary since the initial evaluation in both groups. Such finding, however, was not related to adherence to treatment. Conclusion: the findings suggest that an adapted educational approach could help to control blood pressure levels of hypertensive patients with low educational level. In addition, it was observed that knowledge does not seem to be associated with action, and it is necessary to develop strategies that can increase adherence to therapeutic interventions.

scholarly journals KADAR PEROKSIDA LIPID DAN AKTIVITAS SUPEROKSIDA DISMUTASE SERUM DARAH PADA PENDERITA DIABETES MELITUS TIPE 2

Jurnal BIOMA ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
HENI KRISTINA ◽  
NURMASARI SARTONO ◽  
RUSDI RUSDI
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Diabetes Mellitus Patient ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Ex Post ◽  
Significant Difference

ABSTRACT Prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus rapidly increase in industry and developing country. Oxidative stress was estimated has role in development of type 2 diabetes mellitus. This study was aim to measure levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) in type 2 diabetes mellitus, and also to analyse the relationship among both. This study was conducted on July-October 2014, using Ex Post Facto method and cross sectional design. The result showed that MDA serum levels significantly higher in diabetes mellitus patient compare to normal (P=0,000). Activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) in diabetes mellitus serum has no significant difference with normal (P=0,290).There was possitive correlation between levels of MDA and activity of SOD in type 2 diabetes mellitus but not significant (P=0,478) with rs=0,199, thus also in normal subject (P=0,194) with rs=0,355. There was no significant different between two correlation  coefficient  (P=0,6781).  In  conclusion,  there was significant different level of MDA, there was no significant different activity of SOD, there was positive correlation but not significant between levels of MDA and activity of SOD serum in type 2 diabetes mellitus and normal. And there was no significant different between two correlation coefficient.   Keywords: malondialdehyde, superoxide dismutase, type 2 diabetes mellitus

scholarly journals Mineral contents of Ethiopian red and green apple fruits: A comparison with WHO/FAO standards

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
CI Chemistry International
Keyword(s):  
Microwave Plasma ◽  
Addis Ababa ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Atomic Emission ◽  
Apple Fruit ◽  
The Other ◽  
Mineral Contents ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Fruit Samples ◽  
Apple Fruits

The aim of this study was to evaluate the macro- and micro essential and non-essential minerals in apple fruits collected from farmland in Wollega, Chencha, Ankober (Ethiopia) and Addis Ababa which are imported to Ethiopia from South Africa and Israel. Samples were wet-digested using 3 mL HNO3 and 1 mL HClO4 for 2:15 hours at 210 oC. Selected metals (Mg, Ca, Fe, Mn, Cu, Al, Zn, Cr, Co, Ni, Cd and Pb) were determined by microwave plasma-atomic emission spectroscopy. The validity of optimized procedure was evaluated by the analysis of spiked samples and recoveries were in 90.8-106% range. The mean concentration range (mg/kg) of metal in fruit samples were Ca (1065-36275, 1013-36143), Mg (27-153, 78.3-139), Fe (103-276, 123-241), Mn (13.5-13.7, 11.5-16.3), Cu (5.13-6.56, 4.11-12.6), Al (77.8-129, 52.5-89.6), Zn (41.3-73.6, 47.4-54.4), Cr (6.15-10.04, 6.57-7.14), Co (6.57-7.14, 1.70-2.35), Ni (1.33-2.37, 1.43-7.66), respectively. Cd and Pb were not detected. Analysis of variance showed significant difference (p = 0.05) in the levels of Cu, Al and Co among sampling sites in green apple fruit while all the other metals did not show significance difference. Red apple fruit showed a significance difference in the levels of Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn, Cr and Co metal while the other metals showed insignificance differences. Pearson correlation coefficients indicated strong, moderate and weak correlation between different pairs of metals in both the green and red apples.

scholarly journals Kredibiliti Komunikator Berasaskan Manhaj Rabbānīyyah

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 79-92
Author(s):  
Muhammad Taufik Md Sharipp ◽  
S. Salahudin Suyurno ◽  
Abdul Rauf Ridzuan ◽  
Muaz Hj. Mohd Noor
Keyword(s):  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Strong Relationship ◽  
The Other ◽  
Communication Process ◽  
The Public

Communicators refer to Muslims who send Islamic messages to be shared. All Muslimsbear the responsibility as Islamic communicator and thus, need to equip themselves with themethod of da'wah called manhãj rabbãniyyah in order for the communication process to beeffective. Manhãj rabbãniyyah encompasses three principles highlighted in Qur'an, namelyhikmah, mau’izah and al-mujãdalah. Furthermore, Islam also emphasizes somecharacteristics of a quality communicator such as trusted, fair, reliable, able to employ goodcommunication method and, true and responsible so that the communicator be seen as acredible person. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the elements of manhãj rabbãniyyahand its relationship with communicator’s credibility. The results of this study found that allthree elements of manhãj rabbãniyyah and communicator’s credibility factors have a highCronbach's Alpha value; above α> 0.7. In addition, analysis of Pearson correlation betweenmanhãj rabbãniyyah and credibility recorded a strong relationship; α> 0.6. The mauʿizahelement shows a higher value of the correlation coefficient than the other elements. Itconcludes that the mauʿizah element is most significant than the other two elements. Thefact that the respondents are among the public citizens may contribute to this result.Therefore, it meets the views of scholars who claimed that the public at mass is more suitableto be preached through the method of mauʿizah. Keywords: communicator’s credibility, manhãj rabbãniyyah, Islamic communication,Islam. Abstrak Komunikator merujuk kepada orang Islam yang menyampaikan pesan-pesan Islam untuk dijadikan milik bersama. Setiap individu Muslim menggalas tanggung jawab sebagai seorang komunikator Islam serta perlu melengkapkan diri dengan metode dakwah yang disebut manhaj rabbãniyyah agar proses komunikasi menjadi efektif. Manhaj rabbãniyyah merangkumi tiga asas pendakwahan yang digariskan melalui al-Quran iaitu hikmah, mau’izah dan al-mujãdalah. Tambahan pula, Islam turut  menekankan beberapa ciri komunikator yang berkualiti seperti amanah, adil, boleh dipercayai, mengguna pakai kaedah yang baik, benar dan bertanggung jawab agar komunikator dilihat sebagai seorang berkredibiliti. Lantaran itu, kajian ini bertujuan menganalisis elemen manhaj rabbãniyyah dan hubungannya dengan kredibiliti komunikator. Hasil kajian mendapati ketiga-tiga elemen manhaj rabbãniyyah dan faktor-faktor kredibiliti komunikator mempunyai nilai Alpha Cronbach yang tinggi melebihi α > 0.7.Selain itu, hubungan korelasi Pearson di antara manhaj rabbãniyyah dengan kredibiliti turut mencatatkan hubungan yang kukuh α >0.6. Elemen mauʿizah memperlihat nilai pekali korelasi yang lebih tinggi berbanding elemen lain lantas disimpulkan elemen mauʿizah lebih signifikan berbanding dua elemen lain.

Electroencephalogram variability analysis for monitoring depth of anesthesia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi-Feng Chen ◽  
Yi-Feng Chen ◽  
Shou-Zen Fan ◽  
Maysam F Abbod ◽  
Jiann-Shing Shieh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Permutation Entropy ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Detection Accuracy ◽  
Median Frequency ◽  
Depth Of Anesthesia ◽  
Spectral Edge Frequency ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Significant Difference

Abstract In this paper, a new approach of extracting and measuring the variability in electroencephalogram (EEG) was proposed to assess the depth of anesthesia (DOA) under general anesthesia. The EEG variability (EEGV) was extracted as a fluctuation in time interval that occurs between two local maxima of EEG. Eight parameters related to EEGV were measured in time and frequency domains, and compared with state-of-the-art DOA estimation parameters, including sample entropy, permutation entropy, median frequency and spectral edge frequency of EEG. The area under the receiver-operator characteristics curve (AUC) and Pearson correlation coefficient were used to validate its performance on 56 patients. Our proposed EEGV-derived parameters yield significant difference for discriminating between awake and anesthesia stages at a significance level of 0.05, as well as improvement in AUC and correlation coefficient on average, which surpasses the conventional features of EEG in detection accuracy of unconscious state and tracking the level of consciousness. To sum up, EEGV analysis provides a new perspective in quantifying EEG and corresponding parameters are powerful and promising for monitoring DOA under clinical situations.

scholarly journals Photoanthropometry of the Face in the Young White Brazilian Population

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (6) ◽  
pp. 619-623 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paola Sampaio Gonzales ◽  
Carlos Eduardo Palhares Machado ◽  
Edgard Michel-Crosato
Keyword(s):  
White Women ◽  
White Men ◽  
Brazilian Population ◽  
The Other ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Face ◽  
Upper Face ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Student’S T

Abstract The aim of the present study is to describe the simplified facial pattern of young Brazilian men and women using the facial index (FI), upper face index (UFI), and nasal index (NI) in indirect anthropometric measurements applied to frontal photographic images. The images were obtained from 660 adult white men and 689 adult white women aged 30 years ± 6 months, and classified according to regions of birth, as follows: south (S), southeast (SE), midwest (MW), northeast (NE), and north (N). The nasion, zygion, gnathion, stomion, subnasale, and alare landmarks were labeled on the images using the SAFF 2D® software. Based on the coordinates, the linear distances between the landmarks of interest were calculated and presented as indices. The analysis of variance and Student’s t-test were used for assessing the regions of birth and gender, respectively. The collected data allowed obtaining the facial profile of the young adult Brazilian population. There were differences in the facial profiles between men and women and also between some regions, especially between the N and the other Brazilian regions (p<0.05). The UFI did not show a statistically significant difference (p>0.05) between genders for any of the regions. The discriminant analysis for gender assessment demonstrated higher accuracy when the three indices were analyzed together. In the decision tree for gender assessment, the NI showed better results than the other indices.

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