scholarly journals A qualitative study on factors associated with intimate partner violence in Colombia

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (9) ◽  
pp. 4205-4216
Author(s):  
Shirley Evelyn Lennon ◽  
Adriana María Ramírez Aramburo ◽  
Eliana Maritza Morales Garzón ◽  
María Adelaida Arboleda ◽  
Andrés Fandiño-Losada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Cultural Beliefs ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Female Survivors ◽  
History Of ◽  
Context Specific

Abstract Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a human rights violation and a serious global public health problem. This study investigated factors associated with IPV in female survivors in Colombia. Four focus group discussions with female survivors of IPV and 15 key informant interviews with professionals from psychological, social and legal services and community leaders were conducted in Cali and Tuluá. Participant recruitment was via purposive sampling. Transcripts were analysed manually taking a social constructivist standpoint and a content analysis approach. Factors associated with IPV were divided into four themes: cultural beliefs, jealousy, alcohol abuse, and personal history of IPV. The first theme was divided into: patriarchy, gender roles, normalisation of violence, and unawareness of rights, economic dependence, and ‘men own women’. The sub-themes were all inter-related and underpinned by patriarchal values. IPV was described as a sociocultural construction formed by patriarchal values ingrained in community and societal norms and individual processes. Therefore, academia, governmental and non-governmental bodies and society are urged to together, create preventative, context specific strategies for individuals, communities and societies.

Factors Associated With Attitudes Toward Intimate Partner Violence: A Study of Women in Zambia

2006 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 645-656 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen Lawoko
Keyword(s):  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Methodological Issues ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Household Decisions ◽  
Women Employees ◽  
Structural Differences ◽  
History Of

Demographic, social, and empowerment factors associated with attitudes toward intimate partner violence (IPV) were investigated in a random sample of women (n = 5,029) aged 15–49 years in Zambia. Data was retrieved from the Zambia Demographic and Health Survey 2001–2002 (2003). The findings indicated demographic, social, and structural differences in attitudes toward IPV. Married/previously married and less educated women, employees in the agricultural sector, and women with a history of IPV were more likely to tolerate IPV. In addition, structurally disempowered women (i.e., women lacking access to information and autonomy in household decisions) were more likely to justify IPV than more-empowered peers. Most variables remained significant even when possible confounding was adjusted for using a logistic regression. The findings are discussed and implications for prevention as well as methodological issues considered.

scholarly journals Prevalence and Associated Factors of Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) against Women in Bangladesh amid COVID-19 Pandemic

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Istihak Rayhan ◽  
Khaleda Akter
Keyword(s):  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Family Income ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Target Population ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Married Women ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Cross Sectional

Abstract Background: The study attempted to explore the prevalence and associated factors of Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) in Bangladesh amid the COVID-19 pandemic. IPV is a complete violation of women's human rights and a dominant chronic global public health problem. Methods: The target population of the study was Bangladeshi married women, aged between 16 to 49 years, and lived with an intimate partner. Data were collected from Dhaka city with eight other districts of Bangladesh, and among 605 married women response rate was 84.30%. WHO multi-country study tools for screening domestic violence were used to screen emotional, physical, and sexual violence. Results: The study found the prevalence of IPV about 45.29%, where emotionally abused 44.12%, physically 15.29%, sexually 10.59%, and either physically or sexually 19.22%. Adjusted with marital duration, residence, women’s level of education, husband’s age, and monthly family income, multivariate logistic regression results revealed that comparatively older women, employed, non-Muslims and women with educated husband were less likely to experience violence, while arranged marriage, family income reduction amid the pandemic and husbands’ pandemic induced depression or anxiety caused more likely to commit violence. Limitations: Self-reported cross-sectional study has some methodological limitations, and the present study is not free from them. Conclusions: The study contributes to the existing literature by highlighting the associated factors of IPV amid the COVID-19 pandemic, which will help to make preventive policy.

scholarly journals Depression remains a neglected public health problem among pregnant women in Northwest Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Vol 79 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Getnet Mihretie Beyene ◽  
Telake Azale ◽  
Kassahun Alemu Gelaye ◽  
Tadesse Awoke Ayele
Keyword(s):  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Unplanned Pregnancy ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Antenatal Depression ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Pregnancy Complication ◽  
History Of ◽  
Routine Antenatal Care

Abstract Background Antenatal depression is highly prevalent but a neglected public health problem in low income countries. It has serious effects on the general health of women, birth outcomes and child health. However, there has been limited substantial evidence on the prevalence and predictors of antenatal depression in Ethiopia. This lack of evidence potentiates the consequences of the problem and can limit the attention to intervention. Thus, this study aimed to assess the prevalence and potential predictors of antenatal depression at Debre Tabor and Woreta towns, Northeast Ethiopia. Methods A community-based cross-sectional study was employed on 548 pregnant women recruited by a cluster sampling method. Depressive symptoms were measured using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS). The List of Threatening Experiences Questionnaire (LTE-Q), the Oslo-3 Social Support Scale (OSSS-3), Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) Scale and Fast Alcohol Screening Test (FAST) were also used to measure stressful events, social support, intimate partner violence (IPV) and hazardous alcohol use respectively. Bivariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses were carried out to identify factors associated with antenatal depression. Results The prevalence of antenatal depression was found to be 24.45% (95% CI: 21.20, 28.30%). Being single (AOR =3.32, 95% CI = 1.36, 8.09); fear of pregnancy complication (AOR = 3.84, 95% CI = 1.53,9.62); history of chronic illness (AOR = 8.14, 95% CI = 2.14, 30.91); unplanned pregnancy (AOR = 2.99, 95% CI = 1.36,6.55); history of stillbirth (AOR = 3.56, 95% CI = 1.23, 10.29),one or more negative life events (AOR = 4.06, 95% CI = 1.71, 9.66) and intimate partner violence (AOR = 3.91, 95% CI = 1.65, 9.26) were factors significantly associated with antenatal depression. Conclusion Nearly a quarter of pregnant women suffer from depressive symptoms during pregnancy. Being single; fear of pregnancy complication; history of chronic illness; unplanned pregnancy; history of stillbirth; one or more negative life events and intimate partner violence were important predictors of antenatal depression in this study. Health care workers should consider addressing these risk factors during a routine antenatal care. Also, integrating early screening, detection, and treatment of antenatal depression into routine antenatal care is warranted to improve the quality of life of pregnant women and pregnancy outcomes as well.

Intimate Partner Violence Before Pregnancy, During Pregnancy, and After Childbirth: A New Conceptualization Highlighting Individual Changes in Violence Against Pregnant Women Over Time

2021 ◽  
pp. 088626052199745
Author(s):  
Ko Ling Chan ◽  
C. K. M. Lo ◽  
Y. Lu ◽  
Frederick K. Ho ◽  
Wing Cheong Leung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Baseline Survey ◽  
Considerable Proportion ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Pregnancy And Childbirth

Intimate partner violence (IPV) against pregnant women is a global public health problem. Yet, the trajectory of IPV during pregnancy and its association with health are unclear. This study set out to investigate the trajectory of IPV by categorizing pregnant women according to changes of IPV exposure before, during, and after pregnancy and to examine the predictive factors of these IPV-related categories. During 2016 and 2017, we conducted a longitudinal study with a sample of 1,083 pregnant women in Hong Kong. Pregnant women reported their IPV experiences, depression, and demographics in the baseline survey (at about 24-week gestation), and their IPV experiences, mental health outcomes, social support, and perceived father’s involvement in the follow-up survey (around 4 weeks postpartum). We categorized pregnant women into four groups, including women with (a) sustaining abusive relationship (AR); (b) relationship with decreased violence over pregnancy (DVR); (c) relationship with stress-related violence (SVR); and (d) nonviolent relationship (NVR). Although we found an overall decline of IPV during pregnancy from 24.6% to 14.3%, there were still a considerable proportion of women reporting as a victim of IPV. We observed that a higher proportion of pregnant women were actually suffering from IPV during pregnancy and after childbirth continuously (22.3% of AR and SVR) than experiencing a termination of IPV due to pregnancy (11.4% of DVR). We also observed that more severe maternal depression, lower levels of father’s involvement, and poorer social support were significantly associated with the categories that reflected greater severity of IPV over the course of pregnancy. Our findings reflected that the complexity of IPV related to pregnancy should never be overlooked. Mere reporting of prevalence in an aggregate might not sufficiently explain the problem. Father’s involvement and social support are two important factors that might help reduce IPV related to pregnancy and childbirth.

scholarly journals Lo político de la violencia en las relaciones de pareja como problema de salud pública

2015 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 517-525
Author(s):  
Maria Himelda Ramírez Rodríguez ◽  
Gladys Rocío Ariza Sosa
Keyword(s):  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Social Activism ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Cultural Dimensions ◽  
Palabras Clave ◽  
History Of ◽  
Political Dimensions ◽  
Las Mujeres

<p><strong>Resumen</strong></p><p>Este artículo de opinión relaciona diferentes matices de la violencia en las relaciones de pareja como problema de salud pública con énfasis en sus dimensiones políticas en Colombia a partir de los resultados de varios ejercicios investigativos de las autoras que abarcan una revisión bibliográfica narrativa exhaustiva, la observación profesional sistemática, los diálogos y consultas con especialistas de diferentes campos, la participación en distintos proyectos de investigación y en escenarios de activismo. La pregunta por la salud del amor en Colombia interroga las elecciones que concurren en las decisiones de conformar parejas, el cómo afrontar escenarios de conflicto, infligir y tolerar tratos que pueden devenir en violencia. Ello en relación con las dimensiones culturales y subjetivas, lo cual incluye el cuestionamiento a las masculinidades hegemónicas, signadas por una historia de más de sesenta años de violencia en Colombia y las inequidades de género entrecruzadas con las económicas.</p><p>La violencia en las relaciones de pareja en Colombia se ha venido constituyendo en un problema político que merece atención social y estatal, en un ambiente complejo de confrontaciones entre las tradiciones patriarcales que desestiman su relevancia y las transformaciones propiciadas por los movimientos feministas en alianza con otros sectores sociales que pretenden posicionarla como un inadmisible ético, lo cual significa avanzar en la construcción de las violencias contra las mujeres como un intolerable.</p><p><strong> </strong></p><p><strong>Palabras clave:</strong> Violencia contra la mujer; Problemas sociales; Violencia; Feminismo; Género y salud (DeCS).</p><br /><p><strong>Summary</strong></p><p>This opinion paper articulates different nuances of intimate partner violence as a public health problem with emphasis in its political dimensions in Colombia, as a result of several researches of the authors that involve a narrative review, the systematic professional observation, the dialogues and consultations with specialists from different fields, the participation in various research projects and social activism scenarios. The initial question is: what happens to the health of love in Colombia? This means thinking about the reasons to begin intimate relationships, how to face conflicts and how to decide to inflict or tolerate abuse that could unleash on violence. This is in relation to the subjective and cultural dimensions, which include questioning of the hegemonic masculinities, influenced by a history of more than sixty years of violence in Colombia and the gender inequities intertwined with economic ones. The intimate partner violence in Colombia has become a political and social problem that deserves governmental and social attention in a complex environment of confrontations between patriarchal traditions that underestimate its relevance and the transformations prompted by the feminist movement in alliance with other social sectors, that intend to position it as an ethical inadmissible problem, which means to go further in the construction of violence against women as an intolerable issue.</p><p><strong>Key words:</strong> Social problems; Violence, Feminism, Gender relations (MeSH).</p>

Attitudes Toward Intimate Partner Violence Against Women in the European Union: A Systematic Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 104-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
Enrique Gracia ◽  
Marisol Lila ◽  
Faraj A. Santirso
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Violence Against Women ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Effective Prevention ◽  
Partner Violence Against Women ◽  
The Eu

Abstract. Attitudes toward intimate partner violence against women (IPVAW) are increasingly recognized as central to understanding of this major social and public health problem, and guide the development of more effective prevention efforts. However, to date this area of research is underdeveloped in western societies, and in particular in the EU. The present study aims to provide a systematic review of quantitative studies addressing attitudes toward IPVAW conducted in the EU. The review was conducted through Web of Science, PsychINFO, Medline, EMBASE, PUBMED, and the Cochrane Library, in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) recommendations. This review aimed to identify empirical studies conducted in the EU, published in English in peer-reviewed journals from 2000 to 2018, and analyzing attitudes toward IPVAW. A total of 62 of 176 eligible articles were selected according to inclusion criteria. Four sets of attitudes toward IPVAW were identified as the main focus of the studies: legitimation, acceptability, attitudes toward intervention, and perceived severity. Four main research themes regarding attitudes toward IPVAW emerged: correlates of attitudes, attitudes as predictors, validation of scales, and attitude change interventions. Although interest in this research area has been growing in recent years, the systematic review revealed important gaps in current knowledge on attitudes toward IPVAW in the EU that limits its potential to inform public policy. The review outlines directions for future study and suggests that to better inform policy making, these future research efforts would benefit from an EU-level perspective.

scholarly journals Quality of life and risk of feminicide in women victims of intimate partner violence in Campinas

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
M Caicedo Roa ◽  
L Gabrielle Dalaqua ◽  
P Filizola ◽  
R Cordeiro
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Domestic Violence ◽  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Women Victims ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Increased Risk

Abstract Introduction Violence against women is a public health problem with severe consequences. Most women in situations of domestic violence are emotionally involved and/or economically dependent of their intimate partners contributing to the perpetuation and acceptance of violence. Objectives 1) To characterize the women who join the Reference and Support Center for Women (Ceamo) in Campinas, Southeast Brazil. 2) To measure the quality of life in women victims of intimate partner violence 3) To determine the risk of feminicide. Methods The Ceamo is a public specialized service from the mayor of Campinas, it provides psychological, social and legal guidance to women in situations of gender violence. Inclusion criteria: Women attending Ceamo services, speaking Portuguese, age ≥18 years old and having experienced intimate partner violence. Measure instruments: Danger assessment Scale and WHOQOL-BREF. Results During the 11 months of the study, 78 new users were recruited. Average age 38.3 years old, mostly married/stable union, most of them with children (88%). 64% of women do not work and 36% live with the abusive partner. Prevalent types of violence suffered during by the victims in the last year were psychological n = 76, physical n = 62, moral n = 54 and sexual n = 23. The domain most affected in the assessment of quality of life was the environment (average 42% /100%) and psychological domain (42%/100%). 49% of women were classified with increased risk, 22% with severe risk and 1% with extreme risk of femicide. The questions with the most positive answers were those related to believing that the partner can kill her (77%), jealous of the partner (76%) and controlling behavior (73%), being followed/spied by the partner (67%) and threat death (65%). Conclusions The service in general receive very vulnerable women with low perception of their own quality of life, precarious material conditions and high risk of femicide. Key messages The women in domestic violence situation attended by the Ceamo service are at high risk of femicide. Service users have very low perception of their quality of life and poor social conditions.

scholarly journals Violence and depression among pregnant women in Egypt

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanan M. Ghoneim ◽  
Mohamed Elprince ◽  
Tamer Yehia M. Ali ◽  
Waleed F. Gharieb ◽  
Amal A. Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Sexual Violence ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Strong Association ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
P Value ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
History Of

Abstract Background Depression is a serious mental health disorder that might affect women in the childbearing period. Incidences increase during pregnancy as well as after delivery. Its association with intimate partner violence (defined as physical, sexual, or psychological harm by a current or former partner) has been reported in many countries. Data about this sensitive issue are lacking in Egypt. The aim of the study was to determine the relation between intimate partner violence and depression during pregnancy. Methods This was a case control study conducted at the outpatient clinics in Suez Canal University hospital, from January 2019 to March 2020. The study included two groups, the study group included women exposed to violence during the current pregnancy and a control one included women with no history of violence. Both groups were recruited according to the predetermined inclusion criteria (women aged 18-45 years, continuous marital relationship, no history of depression in current or previous pregnancies, and singleton pregnancy). Women were asked to complete the Arabic validated NorVold Domestic Abuse Questionnaire (measuring four types of abuse: emotional, physical, sexual, and violence in the health care system, the last one being excluded). Depression was evaluated using the Arabic validated form of the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (comprises 10 questions that represent patients’ feelings in the last 7 days). The main outcome measure was to assess the association between intimate partner violence and depression. Results We recruited 158 women in each group. Both groups were matched in their demographic characters. Although emotional violence was reported prominently among women exposed to IPV 87.9% (139/158), it was not significantly reported in depressed women (P value 0.084). Physical and sexual violence were significantly reported among depressed women (P value 0.022 and 0.001, respectively). There was a significant difference between women exposed to violence and those who were not exposed to violence in the total depression scores (13.63 ± 5.47 and 10.65 ± 5.44, respectively with a p value < 0.001). Emotional (p value < 0.001) and sexual violence (mild and severe with p value of 0.026 and 0.002 respectively) had significant roles as risk factors for depression during pregnancy in single regression and after control of other confounders. Conclusion There was a strong association between intimate partner violence and depression during pregnancy.

Head Trauma in a Community-Based Sample of Victims of Intimate Partner Violence: Prevalence, Mechanisms of Injury and Symptom Presentation

2021 ◽  
pp. 088626052110163
Author(s):  
Jessica E. Meyer ◽  
Varna Jammula ◽  
Peter A. Arnett
Keyword(s):  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Head Trauma ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Physical Violence ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Difficulty Breathing ◽  
History Of ◽  
Subconcussive Head Trauma

Objective. The present study aimed to explore the prevalence of subconcussive head trauma, traumatic brain injury (TBI), potential hypoxic events, and hypoxic brain injury (HBI) in victims of physical intimate partner violence (IPV). The study also aimed to characterize the injury presentation and mechanisms of injury in this population. Method. A group of 47 female participants with a history of at least one relationship that included physical violence completed a structured interview assessing for subconcussive hits, TBI, and HBI. Participants ranged in age from 19 to 55, and had an average of 15.3 years of education. Forty-four participants completed the structured interview in person and three participants completed the interview over the phone. Results. The majority of participants reported sustaining at least one impact to the head and approximately half of the participants sustained at least one impact that resulted in a mild TBI. Approximately half of the participants experienced at least one incident of having difficulty breathing due to a violent act from their partner, and approximately one-third of participants reported symptoms consistent with mild HBI. The most common mechanisms of injury were being hit with a closed fist and being strangled. Conclusions. The high levels of head trauma observed in this study highlight the need for clinical and community providers to screen victims of physical IPV for head trauma. The unique characteristics of this population (female sex, high frequency of injuries, and presence of HBIs) indicate that research evaluating the cognitive effects of injuries in this population is needed.

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