Risk factors for physical disability due to leprosy: a case-control study

ABSTRACT Background The main consequence of leprosy is physical disability. Objective To identify risk factors of physical disabilities due to leprosy. Method Case-control study carried out at the Notifiable Diseases Information System – Leprosy in the 9th Regional Health District of the state of Paraíba, Brazil, between 2001 and 2014. Cases were individuals who presented degree of physical disability 1 or 2 at diagnosis or discharge; and controls included individuals with degree of physical disability 0 also at diagnosis and discharge. A 1:1 (case:control) proportion was used. Data were analyzed using the Epi Info and BioEstat software packages. Results The following cases and controls (428 each) at risk for physical disability were analyzed: aged ≥15 years (96.5%, OR=0.33, p<0.01), males (59.3%, OR=1.82, p<0.01), low education level (70.4%, OR=2.66, p<0.01), multibacillary classification (72.9%, OR=9.29; p< 0.01), number of lesions ≥5 (34.3%, OR=0.18, p<0.01), and number of nerves affected ≥1 (12.6%, OR=0.05; p<0.01). Late diagnosis, missing/inadequately filled data, absence/non-registration of dermato-neurological evaluation, and low control of contacts were observed. Conclusion The need for active surveillance and early detection of leprosy cases and contacts is highlighted.

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Maternal caesarean section infection (MACSI) in Sierra Leone: a case–control study

Epidemiology and Infection ◽

10.1017/s0950268820000370 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 148 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

F. Di Gennaro ◽

C. Marotta ◽

L. Pisani ◽

N. Veronese ◽

V. Pisani ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Caesarean Section ◽

Sierra Leone ◽

Case Control Study ◽

Multivariable Analysis ◽

Maternity Hospital ◽

Case Control ◽

Maternal Deaths ◽

Low Education ◽

Control Study

Abstract Sierra Leone is the country with highest maternal mortality and infections are the underlying cause in 11% of maternal deaths, but the real burden remains unknown. This study aims to determine the incidence and risk factors of surgical site infection (SSI) post-caesarean section (CS) in women admitted to Princess Christian Maternity Hospital (PCMH) in Freetown, Sierra Leone. A prospective case–control (1:3 ratio) study was implemented from 1 May 2018 to 30 April 2019 and 11 women presenting with suspected or confirmed infection post-CS were screened for inclusion as a case. For each case, three patients undergoing CS on the same day and admitted to the same ward, but not presenting with SSI, were selected as controls. The post-CS infection rate was 10.9%. Two hundred and fifty-four clinically confirmed cases were enrolled and matched with 762 control patients. By multivariable analysis, the risk factors for SSI were: being single (odds ratio (OR) 1.48, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.36–1.66), low education level (OR 1.68, 95% CI 1.55–1.84), previous CS (OR 1.27, 95% CI 1.10–1.52), presenting with premature membranes rupture (OR 1.49, 95% CI 1.18–1.88), a long decision–incision time (OR 2.08, 95% CI 1.74–2.24) and a high missing post-CS antibiotic doses rate (OR 2.52, 95% CI 2.10–2.85).

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Predictors of Preeclampsia Based on a 10-Year Case-Control Study

Journal of Family & Reproductive Health ◽

10.18502/jfrh.v13i1.1608 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Arezoo Shayan ◽

Hadis Sourinejad ◽

Mansoureh Refaei ◽

Seyedeh Zahra Masoumi ◽

Leili Tapak ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Blood Group ◽

Case Control Study ◽

Case Control ◽

Control Group ◽

Case Group ◽

Retrospective Case ◽

Low Education ◽

High Age ◽

Control Study

Objective: To investigate the predictors of preeclampsia based on a 10-years case-control study. Materials and methods: The present retrospective, case-control study was carried out in a referral Hospital in Hamadan, Iran, during 2005-2015. Using a hospital information system (HIS), all the available information on hospitalized preeclamptic patients during 10-years period was collected and all preeclamptic women were qualified for the study as the case group (729 subjects) and the same number of non-preeclamptic women were assigned to the control group. The required data were collected using the researcher-made questionnaire and analyzed using descriptive statistics, chi-square test, independent t-test and logistic regression. Results: The results show that high age (OR = 1.04), low education (diploma compared to illiterate OR = 0.51 and middle school education compared to illiterate OR = 0.55), blood group O (AB: OR = 0.32; B: OR = 0.36; A: OR = 0.26) and fertilization during autumn (spring: OR = 0.41; summer: OR = 0.26; autumn: OR = 1.13) could raise the risk of preeclampsia. Conclusion: High age, low education, blood group O and fertilization in cold seasons could be the risk factors of preeclampsia. Recognizing the risk factors of preeclampsia could help the determination of high risk cases and designing of effective interventions.

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Risk Factors for Cataract

50 Studies Every Ophthalmologist Should Know ◽

10.1093/med/9780190050726.003.0006 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 33-38

Author(s):

Alan D. Penman ◽

Kimberly W. Crowder ◽

William M. Watkins

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Case Control Study ◽

Case Control ◽

Posterior Subcapsular Cataract ◽

Modifiable Factors ◽

Low Education ◽

Oral Steroids ◽

Lens Opacities ◽

Multivitamin Supplements ◽

Control Study

The Lens Opacities Case-Control Study was a case-control study of general ophthalmology outpatients, 40–79 years of age, designed to identify the main risk factors associated with nuclear, cortical, and posterior subcapsular lens opacities. The study identified associations between cataract and low education, a nonprofessional occupation, intake of vitamins and iron, and body mass. Diabetes was a risk factor for all cataract types except nuclear; use of oral steroids was associated with posterior subcapsular cataract, and use of gout medications with mixed cataract. The associations with nutritional intake and use of multivitamin supplements suggested a potential for modifying cataract risk. The study also suggested a role for other potentially modifiable factors, such as use of some medications and smoking.

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