scholarly journals A case of tumor-like inflammatory demyelinating disease with progressive brain and spinal cord involvement

2015 ◽  
Vol 133 (5) ◽  
pp. 445-449 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xu Zhi Peng ◽  
Li Hong Hua ◽  
Sun Zhi Qiang ◽  
Wu Qiang
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Demyelinating Disease ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Delayed Diagnosis ◽  
Occipital Lobe ◽  
Ivig Therapy ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Right ◽  
Brain And Spinal Cord ◽  
The Brain

CONTEXT: Tumor-like inflammatory demyelinating disease (TIDD) usually occurs in the brain and rarely occurs in the spinal cord. TIDD appears to be very similar to tumors such as gliomas on imaging, which may lead to incorrect or delayed diagnosis and treatment. CASE REPORT: Because of headache and incoherent speech, a 24-year-old Chinese male presented to our hospital with a two-week history of respiratory infections. After dexamethasone treatment, his symptoms still got worse and surgery was performed for diagnostic purposes. Histological examination revealed that the lesion was inflammatory. Further lesions appeared in the spine (T3 and T4 levels) after two months and in the right occipital lobe after three months. After intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) and methylprednisolone treatment, his symptoms improved. CONCLUSION: Progressive lesions may damage the brain and spinal cord, and long-term prednisolone and IVIG therapy are beneficial in TIDD patients.

Ibn Jazlah and his 11th century accounts (Taqwim al-abdan fi tadbir al-insan) of disease of the brain and spinal cord

2008 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 314-317 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Shane Tubbs ◽  
Marios Loukas ◽  
Mohammadali M. Shoja ◽  
Mohammad Ardalan ◽  
W. Jerry Oakes
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
History Of ◽  
Brain And Spinal Cord ◽  
The Brain

The 11th century was culturally and medicinally one of the most exciting periods in the history of Islam. Medicine of this day was influenced by the Greeks, Indians, Persians, Coptics, and Syriacs. One of the most prolific writers of this period was Ibn Jazlah, who resided in Baghdad in the district of Karkh. Ibn Jazlah made many important observations regarding diseases of the brain and spinal cord. These contributions and a review of the life and times of this early Muslim physician are presented.

scholarly journals Eosinophilic CNS vasculitis can mimic demyelinating disease of the brain and spinal cord

2014 ◽  
Vol 275 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 45
Author(s):  
Raphael Schneider ◽  
Jenny Tsai ◽  
Daniel Selchen ◽  
David Munoz
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Demyelinating Disease ◽  
Cns Vasculitis ◽  
Brain And Spinal Cord ◽  
The Brain

scholarly journals Eosinophilic CNS vasculitis can mimic demyelinating disease of the brain and spinal cord

Neurology ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 84 (5) ◽  
pp. 543-544 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Schneider ◽  
J. P. Tsai ◽  
D. G. Munoz ◽  
D. H. Selchen
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Demyelinating Disease ◽  
Cns Vasculitis ◽  
Brain And Spinal Cord ◽  
The Brain

Chemistry and Effects of Brainstem Acting Drugs

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 180-186
Author(s):  
Saganuwan Alhaji Saganuwan
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Parietal Lobe ◽  
Occipital Lobe ◽  
Sensitive Organ ◽  
Brain And Spinal Cord ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Benefit And Risk

Background: Brain is the most sensitive organ, whereas brainstem is the most important part of Central Nervous System (CNS). It connects the brain and the spinal cord. However, a myriad of drugs and chemicals affects CNS with severe resultant effects on the brainstem. Methods: In view of this, a number of literature were assessed for information on the most sensitive part of brain, drugs and chemicals that act on the brainstem and clinical benefit and risk assessment of such drugs and chemicals. Results: Findings have shown that brainstem regulates heartbeat, respiration and because it connects the brain and spinal cord, all the drugs that act on the spinal cord may overall affect the systems controlled by the spinal cord and brain. The message is sent and received by temporal lobe, occipital lobe, frontal lobe, parietal lobe and cerebellum. Conclusion: Hence, the chemical functional groups of the brainstem and drugs acting on brainstem are complementary, and may produce either stimulation or depression of CNS.

scholarly journals Salmonella Typhimurium - associated meningoencephalomyelitis in a foal

2019 ◽  
Vol 49 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jéssica Guerra de Oliveira ◽  
Carolina Pantuzza Ramos ◽  
Izabela de Assis Rocha ◽  
Sóstenes Apolo Correia Marcelino ◽  
Felipe Pierezan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Salmonella Typhimurium ◽  
Gastrointestinal Disease ◽  
Post Mortem ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Portal Of Entry ◽  
Brain And Spinal Cord ◽  
The Brain

ABSTRACT: A 10-day old foal presented with a history of acute recumbency and generalized weakness, that progressed to seizure episodes and death. Post mortem examination revealed necrotizing and purulent omphalophlebitis and fibrinopurulent meningoencephalomyelitis. Salmonella Typhimurium was isolated from the central nervous system and determined to be the cause of the meningoencephalomyelitis. Due to the lack of evidence of gastrointestinal disease, the umbilical cord was considered the most likely portal of entry of the bacteria. The isolated S. Typhimurium was resistant to ampicillin and cephalotin, and partially resistant to enrofloxacin. These drugs are commonly used in the treatment of salmonellosis. This is the first report of S. Typhimurium affecting the brain and spinal cord of a foal. Salmonellosis should be considered a differential diagnosis in foals with neurologic signs, even in the absence of enterocolitis.

scholarly journals Listeria Spinal Cord Abscess Responsive to Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole Monotherapy

2001 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 354-356 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael S. Okun ◽  
Fabian H. Rossi ◽  
William J Triggs ◽  
Jennifer White ◽  
Ronald Quisling
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Critically Ill ◽  
Critically Ill Patient ◽  
History Of ◽  
Potential Alternative ◽  
Alternative Antibiotic ◽  
Brain And Spinal Cord ◽  
The Brain

Objective:To describe an alternative antibiotic regimen for the treatment of central nervous system Listeria monocytogenes infection.Background:Classical treatment of listeria infections of the brain and spinal cord has included ampicillin in combination with gentamicin and chloramphenicol. Antibiotic resistance to L. monocytogenes is extraordinarily low, and the combined risks of nephrotoxicity, ototoxicity, and agranulocytosis in an already critically ill patient make the potential use of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole monotherapy for coverage or treatment of listeria an important alternative.Methods:Case report.Results:A 58-year-old woman presented with a two-week history of progressive quadriplegia. Gadolinium enhanced MRI showed diffuse edema of the cervical and thoracic spine with ring-enhancing lesions. Cerebrospinal fluid and blood cultures both grew L. monocytogenes. Spinal cord biopsy of the lesion revealed inflammation with necrosis and also grew listeria. Intravenous trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (8 mg/kg in four divided doses) was administered for six weeks with resultant arrest of neurological symptoms and stabilization of the clinical course. Although the patient was quadraparetic she was able to be discharged to a rehabilitation facility.Conclusions:Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole monotherapy may be a potential alternative option for critically ill patients with central nervous system L. monocytogenes infection.

scholarly journals Case Report: A False Negative Case of Anti-Yo Paraneoplastic Myelopathy

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher M. Bartley ◽  
Neelroop N. Parikshak ◽  
Thomas T. Ngo ◽  
Jessa A. Alexander ◽  
Kelsey C. Zorn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Protein Expression ◽  
False Negative ◽  
Cerebellar Degeneration ◽  
Human Spinal Cord ◽  
Negative Case ◽  
History Of ◽  
Paraneoplastic Neurological Disorders ◽  
Brain And Spinal Cord ◽  
The Brain

The development of autoimmune antibody panels has improved the diagnosis of paraneoplastic neurological disorders (PNDs) of the brain and spinal cord. Here, we present a case of a woman with a history of breast cancer who presented with a subacute sensory ataxia that progressed over 18 months. Her examination and diagnostic studies were consistent with a myelopathy. Metabolic, infectious, and autoimmune testing were non-diagnostic. However, she responded to empirical immunosuppression, prompting further workup for an autoimmune etiology. An unbiased autoantibody screen utilizing phage display immunoprecipitation sequencing (PhIP-Seq) identified antibodies to the anti-Yo antigens cerebellar degeneration related protein 2 like (CDR2L) and CDR2, which were subsequently validated by immunoblot and cell-based overexpression assays. Furthermore, CDR2L protein expression was restricted to HER2 expressing tumor cells in the patient's breast tissue. Recent evidence suggests that CDR2L is likely the primary antigen in anti-Yo paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration, but anti-Yo myelopathy is poorly characterized. By immunostaining, we detected neuronal CDR2L protein expression in the murine and human spinal cord. This case demonstrates the diagnostic utility of unbiased assays in patients with suspected PNDs, supports prior observations that anti-Yo PND can be associated with isolated myelopathy, and implicates CDR2L as a potential antigen in the spinal cord.

scholarly journals Characterization of microglial transcriptomes in the brain and spinal cord of mice in early and late experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis using a RiboTag strategy

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shaona Acharjee ◽  
Paul M. K. Gordon ◽  
Benjamin H. Lee ◽  
Justin Read ◽  
Matthew L. Workentine ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Immune Functions ◽  
Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis ◽  
Transcriptional Changes ◽  
Brain And Spinal Cord ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Experimental Autoimmune

AbstractMicroglia play an important role in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis and the mouse model of MS, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). To more fully understand the role of microglia in EAE we characterized microglial transcriptomes before the onset of motor symptoms (pre-onset) and during symptomatic EAE. We compared the transcriptome in brain, where behavioral changes are initiated, and spinal cord, where damage is revealed as motor and sensory deficits. We used a RiboTag strategy to characterize ribosome-bound mRNA only in microglia without incurring possible transcriptional changes after cell isolation. Brain and spinal cord samples clustered separately at both stages of EAE, indicating regional heterogeneity. Differences in gene expression were observed in the brain and spinal cord of pre-onset and symptomatic animals with most profound effects in the spinal cord of symptomatic animals. Canonical pathway analysis revealed changes in neuroinflammatory pathways, immune functions and enhanced cell division in both pre-onset and symptomatic brain and spinal cord. We also observed a continuum of many pathways at pre-onset stage that continue into the symptomatic stage of EAE. Our results provide additional evidence of regional and temporal heterogeneity in microglial gene expression patterns that may help in understanding mechanisms underlying various symptomology in MS.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document