scholarly journals Floral morphology and anatomy of Dalechampia alata Klotzsch ex Baill. (Euphorbiaceae), with emphasis on secretory structures

2016 ◽  
Vol 76 (1) ◽  
pp. 233-244 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. M. Martins ◽  
I. L. Cunha-Neto ◽  
T. M. Pereira
Keyword(s):  
Light Microscope ◽  
Chemical Nature ◽  
Floral Morphology ◽  
Staminate Flower ◽  
Ovary Wall ◽  
Transmitting Tissue ◽  
Secretory Structures ◽  
First Report ◽  
Meristematic Activity ◽  
Secretory Glands

Abstract The morphology and anatomy of the flower of Dalechampia alata, as well as the chemical nature of the exudates secreted in the inflorescence were studied using light microscope. This is the first report showing the presence of colleters in the genus Dalechampia. In the staminate flower occur a group of small secretory glands. The histochemical results indicate that the substance secreted from the glands is lipidic and resinuous in nature, while in the colleters it consists of polysaccharides and lipid-rich substances. The ovule of D. alata are anatropous, subglobose and bitegmic. It presents obturator, micropyle occluded by nucellar beak and meristematic activity in the ovary wall. The secretion produced in the stigmatic and transmitting tissue consists of polysaccharides.

Secretory structures at syconia and flowers of Ficus enormis (Moraceae): A specialization at ostiolar bracts and the first report of inflorescence colleters

Flora ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 208 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anderson Ferreira Pinto Machado ◽  
Aline Matos de Souza ◽  
Carlos André Espolador Leitão
Keyword(s):  
Secretory Structures ◽  
First Report

scholarly journals Foliar colleters in Macrocarpaea obtusifolia (Gentianaceae): anatomy, ontogeny, and secretion

Botany ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 92 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valdnéa Casagrande Dalvi ◽  
Lucas Siqueira Cardinelli ◽  
Renata Maria Strozi Alves Meira ◽  
Aristéa Alves Azevedo
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Nature ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Histochemical Analysis ◽  
Secretory Structures ◽  
Standard Type ◽  
Vegetative Organs ◽  
New Information ◽  
And Function ◽  
First Time

Colleters are secretory structures located in reproductive and (or) vegetative organs of many eudicots. In Gentianaceae Juss., the presence of foliar colleters has been neglected, and anatomical and histochemical studies are scarce. The objectives of this study were to investigate the anatomy, ontogeny, and chemical nature of the secretion found in Macrocarpaea obtusifolia (Griseb.) Gilg colleters to establish a relationship between their structure and function and check whether these structures are similar to those described for other genera of the Gentianaceae and other families of the Gentianales. Samples of leaves at different developmental stages were collected and processed for anatomical and histochemical analysis using light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Colleters in M. obtusifolia have a protodermal origin, are of standard type, and are not vascularized. Young colleters are translucent and produce an abundant amount of sticky secretion. Later, they turn yellowish with a blackened region at the apex of the head, and the secretion, composed of polysaccharides and proteins, becomes less abundant and brownish. During senescence, the process begins with complete degradation and cell collapse of the secretory portion. The colleters of the standard type in M. obtusifolia have been observed for the first time in the Gentianaceae and represent additional evidence that reinforces how common this type of colleter is in the Gentianales. Such results provide new information on the anatomy, ontogeny, histochemistry, and colleter types of Gentianaceae.

scholarly journals Ocurrencia de nemátodos en ninfas de Ephemeroptera en una quebrada de bosque tropical lluvioso

Intropica ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Limarie Judith Reyes-Torres ◽  
Yazminne Meléndez-Torres ◽  
Alonso Ramírez
Keyword(s):  
Puerto Rico ◽  
Body Length ◽  
Aquatic Insects ◽  
Light Microscope ◽  
Body Shape ◽  
Feeding Strategy ◽  
Field Station ◽  
First Report ◽  
Factors Associated

Nematodes are common symbionts of aquatic insects. Here, we assessed the presence of nematodes in mayfly nymphs (Ephemeroptera), evaluated their prevalence in the population, and determined factors associated with nematode presence. Mayflies were collected (n = 130) from three stream habitats (riffles, pools, and boulders) using a D net, in Prieta stream, El Verde Field Station, Puerto Rico. Mayflies were dissected and nematode presence was determined under a light microscope (4 x and 10 x). Nematode prevalence was 50 %. Nematodes were not identified beyond Phylum level, but we were able to eliminate various groups as infective agents (Nematoda: Mermithidae and Nematomorpha: Gordiida). They were mostly found in the abdomen, head or thorax of mayflies. There were differences in infection among taxa, Neohagenulus was the group with the highest proportion of infection. Mayfly body shape, feeding strategy, or activity potentially explain differences in infection among taxa. There were no differences in infection among habitats, but mayflies were less abundant in riffles; and there was no relation between mayfly body length and the number of nematodes present. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a nematode present in mayfly nymphs in Puerto Rico.

Structure of a stem-derived callus of Ruta graveolens: meristems, leaves, and secretory structures

1978 ◽  
Vol 56 (21) ◽  
pp. 2717-2729 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. L. Peterson ◽  
M. G. Scott ◽  
B. E. Ellis
Keyword(s):  
Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Light And Electron Microscopy ◽  
Middle Lamella ◽  
Subsequent Development ◽  
Callus Cultures ◽  
Ruta Graveolens ◽  
Secretory Structures ◽  
Apical Meristems ◽  
Secretory Glands

Differentiation in a stem-derived callus of Ruta graveolens was studied by correlated light and electron microscopy. Shoot apical meristems, some of which initiated leaves, differentiated randomly at the surface of the callus. Some of the apical meristems had a tunica–corpus organization. Cells of the tunica and corpus had large nuclei with prominent nucleoli, small vacuoles, mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum cisternae, and leucoplasts. The leaves were radial and had well developed stomata and chloroplasts of two types, one storing large starch grains and the other with no starch but with well developed grana. Lysigenous and schizolysigenous secretory glands were initiated in the leaves and towards the periphery of the callus. Central cells in the lysigenous glands underwent lysis forming a gland lumen into which lipid-like material from the degenerating cells was released. During early stages of cell lysis, breakdown of the middle lamella occurred, followed by the degeneration of cell walls. The lipid-like deposits are thought to be the essential oils known to be produced by these callus cultures. Schizolysigenous glands are formed by the separation of gland cells along the middle lamella and the subsequent development of an epithelial layer or layers surrounding a gland lumen. The cytology of epithelial cells was characterized by numerous ribosomes and the presence of plastids with lipid-like deposits, rough endoplasmic reticulum which occurred either as sheets of cisternae or tubular profiles, and osmiophilic deposits in the cytoplasm. Changes in the epithelial cell walls bordering on the gland lumen indicated that these cells were probably undergoing lysis in older stages of gland development.

scholarly journals The secretory glands of Asphodelus aestivus flower

Biologia ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 63 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Sawidis ◽  
Elzbieta Weryszko-Chmielewska ◽  
Vasiliki Anastasiou ◽  
Artemios Bosabalidis
Keyword(s):  
Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Nectar Secretion ◽  
Secretory Structures ◽  
Golgi Bodies ◽  
Floral Nectary ◽  
Septal Nectary ◽  
Mediterranean Type Ecosystem ◽  
Secretory Glands ◽  
Mucilage Gland ◽  
Asphodelus Aestivus

AbstractVarious secretory glands are observed on Asphodelus aestivus flower, a common geophyte of Mediterranean type ecosystem. The floral nectary has the form of individual slits between the gynecium carpels (septal nectary). The septal slits extend downwards to the ascidiate zone of the carpels. The nectar is secreted by the epidermal cells of the slits, which differentiate into epithelial cells. The latter contain numerous organelles, among which endoplasmic reticulum elements and golgi bodies predominate. Nectar secretion results in an expansion of the space between the septa. The nectar becomes discharged through small holes on the ovary wall. Six closely packed stamens surround the ovary and bear numerous papillae at their basis. These papillae are actually osmophores, i.e. secretory structures responsible for the manufacture, secretion and dispersion of terpenic scent. A mucilage gland (obturator) exists between the lateral ovule and the ovary septa, giving a positive reaction with Schiff’s reagent. This gland secretes a mucoproteinaceous product to nourish the pollen tube and to facilitate its penetration into the ovary.

Internal secretory spaces in thickened underground systems of Asteraceae species

2009 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 229 ◽  
Author(s):  
Graziela Cury ◽  
Beatriz Appezzato-da-Glória
Keyword(s):  
Vascular Plants ◽  
Chemical Nature ◽  
Secondary Xylem ◽  
Plant Defence ◽  
Tropical Savanna ◽  
Defence Mechanism ◽  
Secondary Phloem ◽  
Secretory Structures ◽  
Histochemical Tests ◽  
Aerial Systems

Secretory structures are present in many vascular plants and have an important ecological role as a plant defence mechanism against herbivors and pathogens. Internal secretory spaces of lipid substances are widespread in the Asteraceae. However, information about the occurrence of these structures in thickened underground systems is sparse, compared with what we know about aerial systems. The main objective of the present paper was to investigate the occurrence, formation and chemical nature of the secretory structures in six Asteraceae species belonging to the following tribes: Eupatorieae (Mikania cordifolia and M. sessilifolia), Mutisiae (Trixis nobilis), Plucheeae (Pterocaulon alopecuroides) and Vernonieae (Vernonia elegans and V. megapotamica). The samples were collected in areas of Cerrado (tropical savanna) in the state of São Paulo, Brazil. The secretory structures found were cortical canals in roots (T. nobilis, P. alopecuroides, V. elegans and V. megapotamica), cortical cavities in roots (M. cordifolia, M. sessilifolia and P. alopecuroides), cavities in the secondary phloem of roots (T. nobilis), cortical cavities in the xylopodium (M. cordifolia, M. sessilifolia, P. alopecuroides and V. megapotamica) and in the underground stem (T. nobilis), and canals in the secondary xylem in the xylopodium (M. cordifolia and M. sessilifolia). Histochemical tests showed the presence of lipid substances in all structures.

Intertidal mangrove fungi from north Sumatra

1989 ◽  
Vol 67 (10) ◽  
pp. 3078-3082 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin D. Hyde
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Light Microscope ◽  
Marine Fungi ◽  
Microscope Level ◽  
Light Microscope Level ◽  
Mangrove Fungi ◽  
First Report ◽  
Mangrove Roots ◽  
North Sumatra

Investigations into the intertidal fungi of Kampong Nelayan Mangrove (Belawan), north Sumatra, yielded 39 species of which one is new to science. Driftwood and mangrove roots and branches were examined. This first report of marine fungi from north Sumatra extends our knowledge of their ecology and geographical distribution. The new species is described and illustrated at the light microscope level.

scholarly journals Foliar anatomy and histochemistry in seven species of Eucalyptus

2008 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 769-779 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonardo David Tuffi Santos ◽  
Marcela Thadeo ◽  
Lourdes Iarema ◽  
Renata Maria Strozi Alves Meira ◽  
Francisco Affonso Ferreira
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Nature ◽  
Sesquiterpene Lactones ◽  
Secondary Compounds ◽  
Secretory Structures ◽  
Lipophilic Compounds ◽  
Foliar Anatomy ◽  
Compound Type ◽  
Ecological Relations ◽  
Oil Type

This work aimed to describe the foliar anatomy of seven species of Eucalyptus, emphasizing the characterization of secretory structures and the chemical nature of the compounds secreted and /or present in the leaves. Anatomical characterization and histochemical evaluation to determine the nature and localization of the secondary compounds were carried out in fully expanded leaves, according to standard methodology. Anatomical differences were verified among the species studied, especially in E. pyrocarpa. Sub-epidermal cavities were the only secretory structures found in the seven species studied, with higher density in E. pellita and lower in E. pilularis. The following compounds were histochemically detected: lipophilic compounds, specifically lipids of the essential or resin-oil type and sesquiterpene lactones found in the lumen of the cavities of the seven species; and hydrophilic compounds, of the phenolic compound type found in the mesophyll of all the species studied and on the epidermis of some of them. The results confirmed the complexity of the product secreted by the cavities, stressing the homogeneous histochemistry nature of these compounds among the species. However, the phenolic compounds results may be an indication of important variations in adaptations and ecological relations, since they show differences among the species.

Floral Morphology and Breeding System of Three Species of Eucalyptus, Section Bisectaria (Myrtaceae)

1992 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 249 ◽  
Author(s):  
MF Ellis ◽  
M Sedgley
Keyword(s):  
Breeding System ◽  
No Reduction ◽  
Floral Morphology ◽  
Self Incompatibility ◽  
Floral Structure ◽  
Transmitting Tissue ◽  
Self Pollination ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Ovule Penetration ◽  
Stigma Morphology

Aspects of the breeding system, floral morphology and pistil cytology were studied in three trees each of E. spathulata, E. cladocalyx and E. leptophylla. E. spathulata and E. leptophylla were found to be highly self incompatible, setting very low levels of seed from controlled self pollination. E. cladocalyx trees ranged from self compatible to self incompatible. Reductions were seen in both the number of capsules and the numbers of seeds per capsule, from self pollination. The mechanism of self incompatibility was investigated in the pistil by following the success of cross and self pollinations with fluorescence microscopy. In E. cladocalyx and E. leptophylla no reduction in ovule penetration was seen from self pollination while in E. spathulata a significant reduction was seen in two trees but not the third, indicating that the post-zygotic mechanism of self incompatibility operates in all three species, and with mixed pre-zygotic and post-zygotic mechanisms in E. spathulata. Floral architecture differed between the three species in the structure of the inflorescence units, flower morphology, and anther, pollen and ovule numbers per flower. Pistil cytology was similar for all three species but differed in the length of the stylar canal, degree of sclerotinisation, stigma morphology and volume of transmitting tissue. The implications of floral structure and of the location and extent of outcrossing control are discussed in relation to seed genotypes and seed output.

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