Comparison of radiographic and tomographic evaluations for measurement of the Canal Flare Index in dogs

ABSTRACT The outcome of total hip arthroplasty (THA) in dogs is directly related to surgical planning. Templating of radiographs prior to THA should help the surgeon anticipate prosthesis size and femoral shape allowing canal fill of the proximal metaphysis by the implant ensuring primary stable fixation. The canal flare index (CFI) obtained from radiograph has been used as a measure of risk of complications for the technique in human beings and dogs. However, standard radiographs only provide limited data for the selection of cementless prostheses and the assessment of their fit within the femoral canal, due to factors like radiographic magnification and femoral rotation. Therefore, three-dimensional evaluation based on computed tomography (CT) may be a better tool for CFI measurement. The aim of this study was to compare anatomical measurement with CFI values obtained from craniocaudal radiography and CT. Craniocaudal radiographs using a horizontal radiographic beam (CR), CT, and anatomical macroscopic measurements (A) were obtained from 45 femurs from 23 canine cadavers. The differences between the values of CFI obtained from radiograph (CFI-R), computed tomography on transverse (CFI- TT) and longitudinal axis (CFI-TL) compared to the CFI obtained from macroscopic measurements - gold standard - (CFI-A), and 95% limits of agreement (LOA) between the values, were evaluated by the Bland-Altman method. Dimensions obtained from CT techniques had a greatest mean difference from anatomical and CFI values were also different (P=0.032). Under the experimental conditions, the craniocaudal radiograph, provided the most accurate measurement of the CFI (mean difference: 0.087 ± 0.42).

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Accuracy in Determining Canal Flare Index Using Different Radiographical Positions for Imaging Canine Femurs

Veterinary and Comparative Orthopaedics and Traumatology ◽

10.1055/s-0039-1683390 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 32 (03) ◽

pp. 234-240

Author(s):

Caroline de Andrade ◽

Bruno Minto ◽

Rafael Dreibi ◽

Lúcia Diogo ◽

Fernando Kawamoto ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Clinical Significance ◽

Mean Difference ◽

Limits Of Agreement ◽

Horizontal Beam ◽

Bland Altman Method ◽

Femoral Morphology ◽

Flare Index

Objective The aim of this study was to compare in vitro accuracy of femoral measurements obtained from different radiographical positions with actual femoral anatomical dimensions in dogs. Materials and Methods Craniocaudal projections of the femur in ventrodorsal position, standard craniocaudal radiographical (SR) and craniocaudal radiography with horizontal radiographical beam (HR), in addition to anatomical macroscopic measurements (A), were obtained from 45 femurs from 23 canine cadavers, for calculation of the canal flare index (CFI). The differences between the radiographical positions and 95% limits of agreement (LOA) between the CFI-SR, CFI-HR and CFI-A were evaluated by the Bland–Altman method. Results The standard craniocaudal radiograph provided an approximate dimension of the proximal femoral morphology (mean difference: 0.121 ± 0.391) with a different CFI value (p = 0.0341) from CFI-A. The craniocaudal radiograph taken using a horizontal beam provided greater accuracy (mean difference: 0.087 ± 0.42) in our study. Clinical Significance The craniocaudal projection using a horizontal radiographical beam was more accurate than the standard craniocaudal projection for measurement of the true anatomical dimensions of the canine femur, minimizing the influence of the technique on the CFI values.

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X-ray microtomography

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100107058 ◽

1988 ◽

Vol 46 ◽

pp. 998-999

Author(s):

H.W. Deckman ◽

B.F. Flannery ◽

J.H. Dunsmuir ◽

K.D' Amico

Keyword(s):

Computed Tomography ◽

Internal Structure ◽

Imaging Technique ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Tissue Structure ◽

Individual Element ◽

X Ray ◽

Non Invasive ◽

Panoramic Imaging ◽

Three Dimensional Images

We have developed a new X-ray microscope which produces complete three dimensional images of samples. The microscope operates by performing X-ray tomography with unprecedented resolution. Tomography is a non-invasive imaging technique that creates maps of the internal structure of samples from measurement of the attenuation of penetrating radiation. As conventionally practiced in medical Computed Tomography (CT), radiologists produce maps of bone and tissue structure in several planar sections that reveal features with 1mm resolution and 1% contrast. Microtomography extends the capability of CT in several ways. First, the resolution which approaches one micron, is one thousand times higher than that of the medical CT. Second, our approach acquires and analyses the data in a panoramic imaging format that directly produces three-dimensional maps in a series of contiguous stacked planes. Typical maps available today consist of three hundred planar sections each containing 512x512 pixels. Finally, and perhaps of most import scientifically, microtomography using a synchrotron X-ray source, allows us to generate maps of individual element.

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Minimally invasive cardiac surgery using three-dimensional computed tomography image projection

Chirurgia ◽

10.23736/s0394-9508.18.04893-3 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 32 (5) ◽

Author(s):

Tetsuro Uchida ◽

Mitsuaki Sadahiro

Keyword(s):

Computed Tomography ◽

Cardiac Surgery ◽

Minimally Invasive ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Minimally Invasive Cardiac Surgery ◽

Image Projection ◽

Tomography Image ◽

Computed Tomography Image

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THREE-DIMENSIONAL ASSESSMENT OF SWELLING IN ORTHOGNATHIC SURGERY USING THE SURFACE LASER SCANNER: FUSION WITH THREE-DIMENSIONAL COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY

10.26226/morressier.578e3b4fd462b8029238257e ◽

2016 ◽

Author(s):

Satoshi Yamamoto

Keyword(s):

Computed Tomography ◽

Orthognathic Surgery ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Laser Scanner ◽

Surface Laser ◽

Dimensional Assessment

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Evaluation of visually estimated ejection fraction: comparison with biplane two- and three-dimensional echocardiography and helical computed tomography

Choonpa Igaku ◽

10.3179/jjmu.34.579 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 34 (6) ◽

pp. 579-586

Author(s):

Hitoshi INUDUKA ◽

Masatsugu IWASE ◽

Yasufumi ANNO ◽

Yukiko NAKANO ◽

Miho KATO ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Computed Tomography ◽

Ejection Fraction ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Helical Computed Tomography ◽

Dimensional Echocardiography ◽

Three Dimensional Echocardiography ◽

Fraction Comparison

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A pictorial view of the three-dimensional representation and comparative two-dimensional image orientation derived from computed tomography angiography in a dog with a patent ductus arteriosus

Journal of Veterinary Cardiology ◽

10.1016/j.jvc.2018.09.004 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 21 ◽

pp. 34-40

Author(s):

A.B. Saunders ◽

K.R. Doocy ◽

S.A. Birch

Keyword(s):

Computed Tomography ◽

Patent Ductus Arteriosus ◽

Ductus Arteriosus ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Two Dimensional ◽

Dimensional Representation ◽

Two Dimensional Image ◽

Three Dimensional Representation ◽

Image Orientation ◽

Patent Ductus

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Accuracy and Reproducibility of Facial Measurements of Digital Photographs and Wrapped Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) Photographs

Diagnostics ◽

10.3390/diagnostics11050757 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (5) ◽

pp. 757

Author(s):

Maged Sultan Alhammadi ◽

Abeer Abdulkareem Al-mashraqi ◽

Rayid Hussain Alnami ◽

Nawaf Mohammad Ashqar ◽

Omar Hassan Alamir ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Computed Tomography ◽

Soft Tissue ◽

Cone Beam Computed Tomography ◽

High Reliability ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Cone Beam ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Facial Profile ◽

Digital Photographs ◽

Gonial Angle

The study sought to assess whether the soft tissue facial profile measurements of direct Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) and wrapped CBCT images of non-standardized facial photographs are accurate compared to the standardized digital photographs. In this cross-sectional study, 60 patients with an age range of 18–30 years, who were indicated for CBCT, were enrolled. Two facial photographs were taken per patient: standardized and random (non-standardized). The non-standardized ones were wrapped with the CBCT images. The most used soft tissue facial profile landmarks/parameters (linear and angular) were measured on direct soft tissue three-dimensional (3D) images and on the photographs wrapped over the 3D-CBCT images, and then compared to the standardized photographs. The reliability analysis was performed using concordance correlation coefficients (CCC) and depicted graphically using Bland–Altman plots. Most of the linear and angular measurements showed high reliability (0.91 to 0.998). Nevertheless, four soft tissue measurements were unreliable; namely, posterior gonial angle (0.085 and 0.11 for wrapped and direct CBCT soft tissue, respectively), mandibular plane angle (0.006 and 0.0016 for wrapped and direct CBCT soft tissue, respectively), posterior facial height (0.63 and 0.62 for wrapped and direct CBCT soft tissue, respectively) and total soft tissue facial convexity (0.52 for both wrapped and direct CBCT soft tissue, respectively). The soft tissue facial profile measurements from either the direct 3D-CBCT images or the wrapped CBCT images of non-standardized frontal photographs were accurate, and can be used to analyze most of the soft tissue facial profile measurements.

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