scholarly journals Chronic renal failure in equine due to ascending pyelonephritis predisposed by cauda equina syndrome: case report

2018 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
pp. 347-352 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.H. Fonteque ◽  
M.C.S. Granella ◽  
A.F. Souza ◽  
R.P. Mendes ◽  
J. Schade ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Renal Failure ◽  
Chronic Renal Failure ◽  
Cauda Equina Syndrome ◽  
Chronic Condition ◽  
Urine Culture ◽  
Cauda Equina ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Progressive Weight Loss ◽  
Recurrent Cystitis ◽  
Growth Of Bacteria

ABSTRACT This report describes the case of a mare, of the Campeiro breed, used as an embryo donor, which had recurrent cystitis and urinary incontinence crisis. Clinical signs evolved to progressive weight loss, anorexia, apathy, and isolation from the group. Physical examination showed tail hypotonia, perineal hypalgesia, rectal and bladder sagging compatible with signs related to cauda equina syndrome. Complementary laboratory and sonographic assessment, and necropsy confirmed the diagnosis of chronic renal failure (CRF), which was attributed to the ascending pyelonephritis. The examination of urine culture showed growth of bacteria of the genus Streptococcus sp. This is a rare case in the equine species where the lower motor neuron dysfunction led the development of infectious process in the urinary tract, progressing to renal chronic condition incompatible with life.

Dietary Management of Feline Chronic Renal Failure: Where are We Now? In What Direction are We Headed?

2000 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 75-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
D J Polzin ◽  
C A Osborne ◽  
S Ross ◽  
F Jacob
Keyword(s):  
Renal Failure ◽  
Chronic Renal Failure ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Dietary Therapy ◽  
Dietary Management ◽  
Dietary Intakes ◽  
Normal Range ◽  
Limited Ability ◽  
Diet Formulation ◽  
Therapeutic Value

Dietary modification is of primary importance in managing cats with chronic renal failure. Diets designed for cats with chronic renal failure are typically formulated to be pH neutral and contain reduced quantities of protein, phosphorus and sodium and an increased quantity of potassium. These changes in diet formulation are designed to ameliorate clinical signs of renal failure by adapting dietary intakes to meet the limited ability of failing kidneys to adapt to the normal range of dietary intakes. Important recent clinical trials support the therapeutic value of dietary therapy in cats with chronic renal failure.

scholarly journals Polymorphonuclear function in naturally occurring renal failure in dogs

2009 ◽  
Vol 54 (No. 5) ◽  
pp. 236-243 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Kralova ◽  
L. Leva ◽  
M. Toman
Keyword(s):  
Renal Failure ◽  
Chronic Renal Failure ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Human Medicine ◽  
Strong Positive Correlation ◽  
Significant Elevation ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Main Effect ◽  
Healthy Control ◽  
Leukocyte Counts

Chronic renal failure causes immunosuppression in people and is thought to be one of the causes of non-infectious secondary immunosuppression in dogs. The purpose of this study was to evaluate changes in counts and activity of polymorphonuclears in dogs with chronic renal failure in various stages. Haematological, biochemical examinations and examination of non-specific immune response cells (total and differential leukocyte counts, phagocytosis of methacrylate particles, chemiluminescence test, and level of lysozyme) were performed in blood samples obtained from these dogs. Neutrophilia, lymphopoenia and a decreased number of eosinophils in comparison with healthy control were the main findings in groups with clinical signs. We found the statistically highly significant elevation of lysozyme level; it was in a strong positive correlation with the level of urea, creatinine and phosphorus. We did not find any statistically significant changes in phagocytosis process and other serological factors. In conclusion, despite the reports from human medicine, chronic renal failure in dogs does not alter phagocytosis. From this aspect, the elevation of lysozyme level is the main effect of uraemia.

Bilateral juvenile renal dysplasia in a Norwegian Forest Cat

2009 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 326-329 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luca Aresu ◽  
Renato Zanatta ◽  
Paola Pregel ◽  
Diego Caliari ◽  
Massimiliano Tursi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Renal Failure ◽  
Chronic Renal Failure ◽  
Histological Examination ◽  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Clinical History ◽  
Renal Dysplasia ◽  
Intact Male ◽  
Ultrasonographic Examination ◽  
History Of

Renal dysplasia is defined as a condition of disorganised development of renal parenchyma due to abnormal differentiation. The case of a 5-month-old intact male Norwegian Forest Cat with a history of polyuria and polydipsia is reported. Ultrasonographic examination showed a slight enlargement of kidneys. Biochemical parameters, haematological examinations and clinical signs were compatible with chronic renal failure (CRF). Histological examination was correlated with a primary tubular disorganisation and modification of glomerular compartment. The clinical history together with the histological lesions is consistent with bilateral juvenile renal dysplasia in this cat. To our knowledge, feline renal dysplasia has been reported in fetal infections with panleukopenia virus; no reports indicate the idiopathic origin in feline dysplastic lesions.

Cauda equina syndrome treated by lumbosacral stabilisation in a cat

2008 ◽  
Vol 21 (05) ◽  
pp. 462-466 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. P. Cariou ◽  
A. F. Petite ◽  
R. M. Rayward ◽  
C. K. Störk
Keyword(s):  
Cauda Equina Syndrome ◽  
Cauda Equina ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Original Method ◽  
Term Outcome ◽  
Long Term Outcome ◽  
Radiographic Findings ◽  
History Of ◽  
Pelvic Limb

SummaryIn this case report, a case of cauda equina syndrome arising from lumbosacral disease in an eight-year-old Burmese cat is described. The cat had a history of chronic right pelvic limb lameness. Neurological evaluation was consistent with a lesion involving the cauda equina. Radiographic findings were consistent with a diagnosis of lumbosacral disease. Due to perceived dorsoventral lumbosacral instability, dorsal decompression and stabilisation of the lumbosacral junction was performed. An original method of spinal stabilisation for this indication is described. The cat had a successful long-term outcome with complete resolution of its presenting clinical signs.

scholarly journals “Scan-negative” cauda equina syndrome: A prospective cohort study

Neurology ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 10.1212/WNL.0000000000011154
Author(s):  
Ingrid Hoeritzauer ◽  
Alan Carson ◽  
Patrick Statham ◽  
Jalesh N. Panicker ◽  
Voula Granitsiotis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prospective Study ◽  
Clinical Features ◽  
Neurological Disorder ◽  
Cauda Equina Syndrome ◽  
Cauda Equina ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Presenting Symptoms ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Functional Neurological Disorder

Objective:To describe clinical features relevant to diagnosis, mechanism and aetiology in patients with ‘scan-negative’ cauda equina syndrome (CES).Methods:We carried out a prospective study of consecutive patients presenting with the clinical features of CES to a regional neurosurgery centre comprising semi-structured interview and questionnaires investigating presenting symptoms, neurological examination, psychiatric and functional disorder comorbidity, bladder/bowel/sexual function, distress and disability.Results:198 patients presented consecutively over 28 months. 47 were diagnosed with ‘scan-positive’ CES (mean age 48yrs, 43% female). 76 ‘mixed’ category patients had nerve root compression/displacement without CES compression, (mean age 46yrs, 71% female) and 61 patients had ‘scan-negative’ CES (mean age 40yrs, 77% female). An alternative neurological cause of CES emerged in 14/198 patients during admission and 4/151 patients with mean duration 25 months follow up.Patients with ‘scan-negative’ CES had more positive clinical signs of a functional neurological disorder (11%‘scan positive’ CES v. 34%mixed and 68%‘scan-negative’, p<0.0001), were more likely to describe their current back pain as ‘worst ever’ (41% vs. 46% and 70%, p=0.005) and have symptoms of a panic attack at onset (37% vs. 57% and 70%, p=0.001). Patients with ‘scan positive’ CES were more likely to have reduced/absent bilateral ankle jerks (78% ‘vs. 30% and 12%, p=<0.0001). There was no significant difference between groups in the frequency of reduced anal tone and urinary retention.Conclusions:The first well phenotyped, prospective study of ‘scan-negative’ CES supports a model in which acute pain, medication, and mechanisms overlapping with functional neurological disorder may be relevant.

Digoxin Immune Fab Administration following an Unexplained Increase in Serum Digoxin Concentration

1994 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 246-249
Author(s):  
Augustine S. Aruna ◽  
Sandra G. Jue
Keyword(s):  
Renal Failure ◽  
Chronic Renal Failure ◽  
Elevated Serum ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Digoxin Concentration ◽  
Serum Digoxin Concentration ◽  
Digoxin Toxicity ◽  
Personal Contact ◽  
Serum Digoxin ◽  
Digoxin Metabolites

Objective: To report a case of digoxin immune Fab (DIF) administration following an unexplained increase in serum digoxin concentration in an asymptomatic patient with chronic renal failure. Case Summary: A 70-year-old man presented to the hospital with congestive heart failure, atrial fibrillation, chronic renal failure, and suspected digoxin toxicity. By day 3, he developed a more stable cardiac rhythm with nodal beats. His last known digoxin dose was 12 hours prior to admission. No explanation for an elevated serum digoxin concentration 48 hours after admission could be found. Despite absence of other signs of digoxin toxicity, DIF 80 mg iv was administered, and was immediately followed by 40 mg. Discussion: This case illustrates that elevated digoxin concentrations may be observed in patients with renal failure. These may not be true high concentrations because of the following potential factors: (1) the presence of digoxin-like factors, (2) increased biotransformation of digoxin, and (3) accumulation of metabolites that interfere with the assay. Digoxin metabolites are known to cross-react with the antibodies in commonly used digoxin immunoassays, and may be inappropriately interpreted to signal digoxin toxicity. Both the accuracy and reliability of digoxin immunoassay techniques have been questioned or challenged over the years. It is difficult to determine whether a reported toxic serum digoxin concentration represents the true concentration or cross-reactivity between digoxin metabolites and antibodies used in most digoxin immunoassays. Data Sources: Data collection sources included retrospective review of patient medical records, personal contact with one of the physicians involved in rendering patient care for interpretation of the electrocardiogram changes, clinical symptoms and rationale for DIF administration, and contact with the immunoassay technologist, who indicated that the fluorescence polarization immunoassay technique was used for analysis of digoxin concentrations. The medical literature then was reviewed. Conclusions: DIF should be reserved for use in symptomatic patients. Elevated digoxin concentrations must be evaluated for various factors that can cause falsely elevated values. Clinical signs and symptoms are critical in making the decision to use Fab. Antidotal measures should be based on correlation of patient symptoms with serum digoxin concentrations.

scholarly journals Displasia renal em cães: estudo retrospectivo (2008-2013)

2017 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 5
Author(s):  
Samara Rosolem Lima ◽  
Leilane Aparecida Da Silva ◽  
Geovanny Bruno Gonçalves Dias ◽  
Letícya Lerner Lopes ◽  
Raquel Aparecida Sales Da Cruz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Renal Failure ◽  
Chronic Renal Failure ◽  
Fibrous Tissue ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Renal Dysplasia ◽  
Epithelial Tissue ◽  
Tubular Structures ◽  
Cytoplasmic Staining ◽  
Mato Grosso ◽  
Dysplastic Kidney

Background: Renal dysplasia, which has been reported in some dogs and human patients, refers to a developmental disorder of renal parenchyma due to imperfect inductive interaction between the mesonephric duct and the metanephric blastemal. In dogs, the characteristic histological findings on which diagnosis is based include (1) persistent metanephric ducts surrounded by primitive mesenchyme, (2) fetal or immature glomeruli, (3) fetal or immature tubules, and (4) anomalous presence of interstitial fibrous tissue. The aim of this study was to report the major pathological and immunohistochemical features of nine young dogs necropsied with renal dysplasia.Cases: The necropsy files from the Laboratório de Patologia Veterinária (LPV) of the Universidade Federal do Mato Grosso (UFMT) were reviewed between the years 2008 and 2013. Dogs diagnosed with chronic kidney failure and macroscopic and histopathological renal lesions consistent with renal dysplasia were selected. Kidney fragments in paraffin blocks were cut and stained with hematoxylin and eosin and by immunohistochemistry (IHC) using anti-vimentin and anti-cytokeratin monoclonal antibodies. The staining was considered positive for the presence of at least one renal cell marked with brown cytoplasmic staining clear and unambiguous. A total of 787 necropsies of dogs were performed. Of these, 64 had a clinical diagnosis of chronic renal failure of which 9 were classified as renal dysplasia. The age of the dogs ranged from 3 months to 2 years. Clinical signs were characterized by anorexia and non-regenerative anemia in 88.9%, vomiting 66.7%, dehydration 55.6%, uremia 55.6%, convulsion 33.4%, abdominal pain 22.3% and diarrhea in 11.2% of cases. At necropsy the main macroscopic changes in the kidneys were external surface with pale staining, in 6 of 9 dogs necropsied. Additionally, 5 dogs, cystic cavities of various sizes from 0.1 to 5 cm in diameter, diffusely distributed in the renal subcapsular surface and cutting were observed. Of the 64 dogs with diagnosis of chronic renal failure, 14.06% had dysplastic kidney changes, characterized by dilatation of Bowman’s space, glomerular and tubular atrophy, immature glomeruli and tubules, lymphocytic interstitial inflammation and fibrosis. In the dogs with renal dysplasia, it was observed that the tubular structures showed marked glomerular labeling for vimentin. Moreover, the kidneys of normal dogs showed weak or absent for marking tubes and glomerular structures for vimentin, and strong staining for cytokeratin in tubular cells, glomerular cells and collecting ducts.Discussion: Renal morphological damage observed in these nine dogs less than two years old, that contained degenerative and inflammatory changes, fibrosis and glomerular atrophy, but mostly immature glomeruli and tubules were associated with atypical renal dysplasia. This condition develops when the urethral diverticulum and metanephric blastoma not properly form in the embryonic stage, resulting in abnormal metanephric differentiation and formation of structures that do not recapitulate the normal nephrogenesis. Abnormal kidney function in young animals caused chronic renal failure resulting in death. The results of immunohistochemical observed in this study can complement the diagnosis of renal dysplasia. The morphological normality can be observed in the proportion of mesenchymal and epithelial tissue in the different structures of the kidney by staining with anti-cytokeratin and anti-vimentin. In the present study, there was moderate to strong labeling of vimentin in glomerular and tubular structures being dysplastic kidney would be expected to occur in normal dogs predominant staining with cytokeratin. Based on the clinic, pathological and immunohistochemical findings it is concluded that the animals developed renal dysplasia.

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