scholarly journals Cerebrospinal fluid analysis in 58 ruminants showing neurological disorders

2020 ◽  
Vol 40 (5) ◽  
pp. 346-354
Author(s):  
Antônio Carlos L. Câmara ◽  
Mariana C. Gonzaga ◽  
Thaís M. Ziober ◽  
Cintia Regina R. Queiroz ◽  
Tayná C.M. Fino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Neurological Disorders ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Pathological Findings ◽  
Cerebrospinal Fluid Analysis ◽  
Cns Diseases ◽  
Fluid Analysis ◽  
Csf Analysis

ABSTRACT: Ruminants may be affected by a wide variety of central nervous system (CNS) diseases. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis forms the basis for ante mortem diagnostic evaluation of ruminants with clinical signs involving the CNS. Despite its importance as a tool to aid diagnosis, data regarding CSF examinations in spontaneous cases of CNS diseases in ruminants from Brazil are limited, and most reports involve experimental studies. Therefore, this study aimed to report the results of CSF analysis in 58 ruminants showing signs of neurological disorders. CSF samples for analysis were obtained from 32 cattle, 20 sheep, and 6 goats by cerebello-medullary cistern (n=54) or lumbosacral space (n=4) puncture. These ruminants showed neurological signs related to viral (n=13), mycotic (n=3), or bacterial (n=15) infections, and toxic (n=21), traumatic (n=4), or congenital disorders (n=2). CSF analysis from ruminants with viral infections presented lymphocytic pleocytosis, even though CSF showed no changes in several cases of rabies. Neutrophilic pleocytosis, cloudiness, presence of fibrin clots, and abnormal coloration were evident in the CSF of most cases of CNS bacterial infection, such as meningoencephalitis, meningitis, abscesses, myelitis, and a case of conidiobolomycosis. On the other hand, CSF was unchanged in most cases of toxic disorders, as botulism and hepatic encephalopathy. Elevated CSF density was observed in 60% of ruminants diagnosed with polioencephalomalacia. Our findings show that evaluation of CSF is a valuable diagnostic tool when used in association with epidemiological, clinical and pathological findings for diagnosis of CNS diseases in ruminants.

scholarly journals Clinical parameters do not predict infection in patients with external ventricular drains: a retrospective observational study of daily cerebrospinal fluid analysis

2008 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 207-209 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sharmini Muttaiyah ◽  
Stephen Ritchie ◽  
Arlo Upton ◽  
Sally Roberts
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Staphylococcus Epidermidis ◽  
City Hospital ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽  
Cerebrospinal Fluid Analysis ◽  
Fluid Analysis ◽  
Csf Analysis ◽  
Clinical Records ◽  
Culture Positive

A retrospective review was conducted of patients with external ventricular drains (EVDs) in situ in order to ascertain the utility of daily cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis in such patients. All laboratory requests for CSF analysis, which were sent to the Microbiology Department, Auckland City Hospital, New Zealand, were reviewed to identify patients with EVDs in situ. The patients' clinical records were reviewed and information was obtained regarding their age, ethnicity, indication for EVD, duration of EVD, CSF analysis results, daily temperatures, Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) and the presence of other infections. For CSF samples that grew organisms, the patients' notes were reviewed to ascertain whether the organism was a contaminant or was representative of EVD-associated ventriculitis. A total of 454 CSF specimens from 60 patients were reviewed. Of the 56 CSF specimens that were culture-positive, 40 (71 %) were found to reflect clinical infection. Routine CSF analysis identified nine episodes of EVD-associated ventriculitis. Coagulase-negative staphylococci and Staphylococcus epidermidis were the most common isolates and were associated with ventriculitis approximately half of the time. Gram-negative isolates were less frequently isolated, but, when present, were always associated with ventriculitis. This study found that patient temperature and GCS did not allow early prediction of EVD-associated ventriculitis.

Symptomatic Narcolepsy/Cataplexy in a Dog with Brainstem Meningoencephalitis of Unknown Origin

2020 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lorenzo Mari ◽  
Anita Shea
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Immunosuppressive Treatment ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Unknown Origin ◽  
Serum Biochemistry ◽  
Lesion Size ◽  
Cerebrospinal Fluid Analysis ◽  
Fluid Analysis ◽  
Thoracic And Abdominal

ABSTRACT A 4 yr old, intact female cocker spaniel was presented for investigation of acute, progressive lethargy/hypersomnia; vestibular signs; and cataplexy. A narcolepsy-cataplexy episode with associated hypertension and bradycardia was triggered during examination. There was no evidence of arrhythmia on electrocardiography during the episode. Hematology, serum biochemistry, and thoracic and abdominal imaging were unremarkable. MRI of the brain and cerebrospinal fluid analysis were compatible with meningoencephalitis of unknown origin affecting the mesencephalon, pons and rostral medulla oblongata. The dog was started on immunosuppressive treatment with prednisolone and cytosine arabinoside, which was subsequently switched to cyclosporine. Narcolepsy-cataplexy episodes could initially still be triggered by offering food; however, they gradually became shorter and less frequent until they completely subsided along with all other clinical signs after 3 wk. No relapse occurred over a 32 mo follow-up period from the diagnosis. Repeated MRI revealed marked reduction in the lesion size; cerebrospinal fluid analysis revealed no abnormalities. Although very rare, symptomatic narcolepsy/cataplexy can occur in dogs and can be secondary to brainstem encephalitis. Cardiovascular changes can occur in association with narcolepsy/cataplexy and should be considered when dealing with patients presenting with these specific clinical signs.

scholarly journals Cerebrospinal fluid analysis in infectious diseases of the nervous system: when to ask, what to ask, what to expect

2013 ◽  
Vol 71 (9B) ◽  
pp. 693-698 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis dos Ramos Machado ◽  
Jose Antonio Livramento ◽  
Liliana Scaff Vianna
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Bacterial Meningitis ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Acute Bacterial Meningitis ◽  
Degenerative Diseases ◽  
Cerebrospinal Fluid Analysis ◽  
Fluid Analysis ◽  
Csf Analysis ◽  
The Difference

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis very frequently makes the difference to the diagnosis, not only in relation to infections but also in other diseases of the nervous system such as inflammatory, demyelinating, neoplastic and degenerative diseases. The authors review some practical and important features of CSF analysis in infectious diseases of the nervous system, with regard to acute bacterial meningitis, herpetic meningoencephalitis, neurotuberculosis, neurocryptococcosis, neurocysticercosis and neurosyphilis.

scholarly journals Cerebrospinal fluid analysis

2017 ◽  
Vol 65 (3) ◽  
pp. 215
Author(s):  
Z. S. POLIZOPOULOU (Ζ.Σ. ΠΟΛΥΖΟΠΟΥΛΟΥ)
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Diagnostic Imaging ◽  
Biochemical Analysis ◽  
Neurological Diseases ◽  
Systemic Diseases ◽  
Cerebrospinal Fluid Analysis ◽  
Fluid Analysis ◽  
Csf Analysis ◽  
Diagnostic Modalities ◽  
Complete Blood Counts

The significance of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis has been compared to that of complete blood counts for systemic diseases. CSF changes generally follow specific patterns depending on the etiopathogenesis (inflammatory, metabolic, neoplastic) of neurological diseases, thus indicating which further diagnostic modalities should be applied. CSF collection requires operator skills and knowledge of sampling indications and contraindications. Analysis  includes physical examination (colour, clarity, viscosity), cytological and biochemical analysis, microbiological and immunologic testing. Despite its limitations, CSF analysis is a useful diagnostic tool, in particular when results are interpreted in combination with historical information, clinical examination and the findings of clinicopathological and diagnostic imaging testing.

Cerebral Phaeohyphomycosis Caused by Cladosporium spp. in Two Domestic Shorthair Cats

2002 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 225-230 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher L. Mariani ◽  
Simon R. Platt ◽  
Timothy J. Scase ◽  
Elizabeth W. Howerth ◽  
Cheryl L. Chrisman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Brain Stem ◽  
Auditory Evoked Potentials ◽  
Seizure Activity ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Fungal Culture ◽  
Cerebrospinal Fluid Analysis ◽  
Fluid Analysis ◽  
Central Nervous System Dysfunction

Two domestic shorthair cats presented for clinical signs related to multifocal central nervous system dysfunction. Both cats had signs of vestibular system involvement and anisocoria, and one had generalized seizure activity. Cerebrospinal fluid analysis revealed a neutrophilic pleocytosis with protein elevation in one cat and pyogranulomatous inflammation in the second. Electroencephalography and brain-stem auditory-evoked potentials in the first cat confirmed cerebral cortical and brain-stem involvement. Euthanasia was performed in both cats, and postmortem diagnoses of phaeohyphomycosis secondary to Cladosporium spp. were made based on histopathology and fungal culture in both cats.

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