scholarly journals INFLUENCE OF INTERSPECIFIC VARIATION ON TREE CARBON STOCK OF A BRAZILIAN CERRADO

2018 ◽  
Vol 41 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabina Cerruto Ribeiro ◽  
Laércio Antônio Gonçalves Jacovine ◽  
Carlos Moreira Miquelino Eleto Torres ◽  
Agostinho Lopes Souza
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Content ◽  
Carbon Balance ◽  
Carbon Stock ◽  
Interspecific Variation ◽  
Sensu Stricto ◽  
Allometric Equation ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Key Points ◽  
Dry Biomass ◽  
Number Of Individuals

ABSTRACT Cerrado is a biodiversity hotspot and possibly the most threatened tropical savanna in the world. Although Cerrado has an important role in the global carbon balance, studies about carbon stock in the biome are rare, especially with estimates per species. Thus, we estimated the carbon content and stock by species in a Cerrado area. We destructively sampled 120 trees from 18 species to determine tree aboveground biomass at a cerrado sensu stricto remnant. The carbon content in dry biomass was determined in laboratory and for the species not sampled an average value was used. The biomass of the remaining inventoried trees was estimated using an allometric equation. The carbon content in dry biomass had mean of 50.5 ± 0.20% and the carbon stock for the Cerrado remnant accounted for 22,385.46 kg ha-1. Results indicated that some species had higher carbon stock than others. The number of individuals, their size and wood density are key points that need to be considered in the evaluation of carbon stock in forests with large number of species. Maintaining species that contribute to higher carbon stock is essential to keep a positive carbon balance in Cerrado areas

Carbon stock assessment through above-ground biomass of trees at different forest composition in Mt. Malindawag, Lubilan, Naawan, Misamis Oriental, Philippines

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (01) ◽  
pp. 100-113
Author(s):  
M. G. Origenes ◽  
R. L. Lapitan
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Stock ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Stock Assessment ◽  
Mixed Forest ◽  
Forest Composition ◽  
Above Ground Biomass ◽  
Plantation Forest ◽  
Species Diversity Index ◽  
Ground Biomass ◽  
Number Of Individuals

It is documented that the amounts of carbon stored and its level of degradation in different forests compositions and different types of forest is mostly unknown, Philippines is no exemption as little was done in some places of this country. This study was conducted to assess carbon stock through above ground biomass of trees at different forest composition in Mt. Malindawag. There were three (3) 20m x 20m sample plots (quadrats) (400m2 equivalent to 0.04 ha) established as replicate plots provided with 50m intervals. Forest composition such as the Agroforestry area, mixed forest area and the Plantation forest were assessed in terms of the number of individuals, number of species, diameter, and height to calculate the biomass, tree biomass density as well as the carbon stock. Based on the results of the study conducted in different forest compositions of Mt. Malindawag, plantation forest has the highest carbon stocking rate. However, these results were not significantly different from the other forest composition. This was associated with a higher accumulated diameter, which resulted in higher biomass and eventually carbon stock. Species found in this forest composition are productive and have lesser number of individuals; therefore, there is lesser competition for resources such as light. Such a mechanism might contribute to the higher biomass and carbon stock. However, the result may not be right to other areas due to uncontrollable factors, anthropogenic and environmental factors. Hence, it is recommended to have further studies on areas where trees have similar age, species diversity index as well as stand development and site productivity for a more accurate and quantifiable carbon stock.

scholarly journals ABOVE GROUND TREES BIOMASS OF LORE LINDU NATIONAL PARK-CENTRAL SULAWESI : A STUDY COMBINING FIELD MEASUREMENT AND REMOTE SENSING

Agromet ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 33
Author(s):  
Naimatu Solicha ◽  
Tania June ◽  
M. Ardiansyah ◽  
Antonius B. W.
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Carbon Stock ◽  
Field Data ◽  
Forest Cover ◽  
Satellite Image ◽  
Forest Biomass ◽  
Allometric Equation ◽  
Natural Forest ◽  
Forest Cover Type ◽  
Cover Type

Forests play an important role in global carbon cycling, since they hold a large pool of carbon as well as potential carbon sinks and sources to the atmosphere. Accurate estimation of forest biomass is required for greenhouse gas inventories and terrestrial carbon accounting. The information on biomass is essential to assess the total and the annual capacity of forest vigor. Estimation of aboveground biomass is necessary for studying productivity, carbon cycles, nutrient allocation, and fuel accumulation in terrestrial ecosystem. The possibility that above ground forest biomass might be determined from space is a promising alternative to ground-based methods. Remote sensing has opened an effective way to estimate forest biomass and carbon. By the combination of data field measurement and allometric equation, the above ground trees biomass possible to be estimated over the large area. The objectives of this research are: (1) To estimate the above ground tree biomass and carbon stock of forest cover in Lore Lindu National Park by combination of field data observation, allometric equation and multispectral satellite image; (2) to find the equation model between parameter that determines the biomass estimation. The analysis showed that field data observation and satellite image classification influencing much on the accuracy of trees biomass and carbon stock estimation. The forest cover type A and B (natural forest with the minor timber extraction) has the higher biomass than C and D (natural forest with the major timber extraction and agro forestry), it is about 607 ton/ha and 603 ton/ha. Forest cover type C is 457 ton/ha. Forest cover type D has the lowest biomass is about 203 ton/ha. Natural forest has high biomass, because of the tropical vegetation trees heterogeneity. Forest cover D has the lowest trees biomass because its vegetation component as secondary forest with the homogeneity of cacao plantation. The forest biomass and carbon estimation for each cover type will be useful for the further equation analysis when using the remote sensing technology for estimating the total biomass and for the economic carbon analysis.Forests play an important role in global carbon cycling, since they hold a large pool of carbon as well as potential carbon sinks and sources to the atmosphere. Accurate estimation of forest biomass is required for greenhouse gas inventories and terrestrial carbon accounting. The information on biomass is essential to assess the total and the annual capacity of forest vigor. Estimation of aboveground biomass is necessary for studying productivity, carbon cycles, nutrient allocation, and fuel accumulation in terrestrial ecosystem. The possibility that above ground forest biomass might be determined from space is a promising alternative to ground-based methods. Remote sensing has opened an effective way to estimate forest biomass and carbon. By the combination of data field measurement and allometric equation, the above ground trees biomass possible to be estimated over the large area. The objectives of this research are: (1) To estimate the above ground tree biomass and carbon stock of forest cover in Lore Lindu National Park by combination of field data observation, allometric equation and multispectral satellite image; (2) to find the equation model between parameter that determines the biomass estimation. The analysis showed that field data observation and satellite image classification influencing much on the accuracy of trees biomass and carbon stock estimation. The forest cover type A and B (natural forest with the minor timber extraction) has the higher biomass than C and D (natural forest with the major timber extraction and agro forestry), it is about 607 ton/ha and 603 ton/ha. Forest cover type C is 457 ton/ha. Forest cover type D has the lowest biomass is about 203 ton/ha. Natural forest has high biomass, because of the tropical vegetation trees heterogeneity. Forest cover D has the lowest trees biomass because its vegetation component as secondary forest with the homogeneity of cacao plantation. The forest biomass and carbon estimation for each cover type will be useful for the further equation analysis when using the remote sensing technology for estimating the total biomass and for the economic carbon analysis.

scholarly journals ESTIMASI CADANGAN KARBON PADA LAMUN DI PESISIR TIMUR KABUPATEN BINTAN

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 639-650
Author(s):  
. Khairunnisa ◽  
Isdradjad Setyobudiandi ◽  
Mennofatria Boer
Keyword(s):  
Global Warming ◽  
Carbon Content ◽  
Carbon Stock ◽  
East Coast ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Blue Carbon ◽  
Coastal Vegetation ◽  
Seagrass Ecosystem ◽  
Below Ground ◽  
Standard Value

ABSTRAKSalah satu upaya untuk mengurangi emisi gas karbon pemicu pemanasan global adalah dengan memanfaatkan vegetasi pesisir seperti lamun yang dikenal dengan istilah blue carbon. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui stok karbon pada padang lamun di Pesisir Timur Kabupaten Bintan, Kepulauan Riau sebagai upaya dalam mengurangi pemanasan global. Penelitian dilakukan di Berakit, Malang Rapat, dan Teluk Bakau mulai Januari – Juli 2017. Parameter yang diukur dalam penelitian ini adalah biomassa, kandungan karbon, dan stok karbon pada lamun. Analisis biomassa diukur dari berat kering lamun per satuan luas yang dibagi atas bagian atas dan bawah substrat, kandungan karbon diukur dengan metode Walkley and Black, stok karbon diukur dengan memperhatikan kandungan karbon dan biomassa lamun. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan ekosistem lamun di pesisir timur Kabupaten Bintan ditumbuhi oleh C. rotundata, C. serrulata, E. acoroides, H. uninervis, H. pinifolia, H. ovalis, T. hemprichii, T. ciliatum dan S. isoetifolium dengan kondisi yang relatif baik.  Persentase biomassa dan karbon yang berada di bawah substrat lebih besar dibanding biomassa yang berada di atas substrat, sehingga ketika bagian pelepah dan daun lamun lepas baik karena tindakan manusia ataupun alam lamun masih tetap mampu menyimpan karbon. Padang lamun di pesisir sebelah timur Kabupaten Bintan memiliki potensi dalam menyerap dan menyimpan karbon yakni sebesar 2431.33 ton C dengan E. acoroides sebagai spesies yang mampu menghasilkan biomassa terbesar dan kandungan karbon tertinggi, meski jumlah tersebut tidak dapat dijadikan acuan apakah lamun memiliki potensi yang tinggi ataupun tidak karena hingga saat ini belum ada nilai standardnya. ABSTRACTOne of the solutions to reduce carbon gas emissions that triggered global warming is to utilize coastal vegetation such as seagrass that known as blue carbon. This research was aimed to determine stock carbon on seagrass in the east coast of Bintan Regency, Kepulauan Riau Province as an effort to reduce global warming.  The research was conducted in Berakit, Malang Rapat, and Teluk Bakau from January to July 2017. The parameters measured in this research were biomass, carbon content, and carbon stock on seagrass. The anylisis of the biomass was obtained from the dry weight per unit area, the carbon content was obtained by Walkley and black method, the carbon stock was obtained by the measurement of the biomass and carbon content. Based on the observation, seagrass ecosystem in east coast of Bintan was palnted by C. rotundata, C. serrulata, E. acoroides, H. uninervis, H. pinifolia, H. ovalis, T. hemprichii, T. ciliatum, dan S. isoetifolium. The below ground biomass and carbon percentation were higher that the aboveground parts so when the leaves are released either because of human or natural actions, seagrass is still able to store carbon. Seagrass beds on the east coast of Bintan Regency have the potential to absorb and store carbon which is equal to 2431.33 tons C as E. acoroides being the species which capable of producing the highest biomass and highest carbon content, although this number cannot be used as a reference whether seagrass has high potential or no because until now there has been no standard value. 

scholarly journals Allometric Modelling of the Stem Carbon Content of Rhizophora mucronata in a Tropical Mangrove Ecosystem

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
W. M. Dimuthu Nilmini Wijeyaratne ◽  
Pawani Madhushani Liyanage
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Content ◽  
Mangrove Ecosystem ◽  
Allometric Equation ◽  
Nondestructive Method ◽  
Rhizophora Mucronata ◽  
Individual Tree ◽  
Backward Elimination ◽  
Model Efficiency ◽  
Level Of Significance ◽  
Best Fit

Mangrove ecosystems are identified as important blue carbon ecosystems because they play an important role in carbon sequestration among the coastal ecosystems. The present study was conducted to develop an allometric model to determine the stem carbon content of Rhizophora mucronata in a conserved tropical mangrove ecosystem. The stepwise regression with backward elimination was used to identify the best fit model to predict the stem carbon content of Rhizophora mucronata. The allometric equation, Ln C = −2.403 + 2.247 Ln DBH, where C: stem carbon content and DBH: diameter at breast height, was constructed to be evaluated and validated as the most suitable and practically applicable model. The reliability of the model was 76.7%, and the model was significant at 95% level of significance. The model bias values and the model efficiency values for the best fit model suggested that the model is suitable to be used practically. The present study used a nondestructive method of measuring individual tree parameters to develop this allometric equation to predict the stem carbon content and it is considered as an environmentally friendly approach with minimum damage to the tree.

Using Anthropogenic Hydrocarbon Stock to Capture nanoCarbon

2014 ◽  
Vol 1051 ◽  
pp. 48-61
Author(s):  
Stefan Petters ◽  
Klaus Mauthner ◽  
Kalvin Tse
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Carbon Content ◽  
Carbon Stock ◽  
Carbon Offsets ◽  
Great Opportunity ◽  
Economic Opportunities ◽  
Fossil Carbon ◽  
Atmospheric Carbon ◽  
Mitigate Climate Change

This paper summarizes our past achievements in thermo management material solutions’ development, recently venturing into Capture of atmospheric Carbon for Re-Use applications. Climate Change is closely related to the CO2stock in atmosphere, nowadays at 550Gt. To stay within the +2°C scenario this atmospheric stock should never go beyond 800Gt[1]. Therefore opportunities to Re-Use atmospheric Carbon stock in substitution of imported fossil Carbon from earlier ages should be explored. Hydrogen-Carbon Synthesis based materials can offer a great opportunity to achieve Carbon offsets > 100% of the feedstock’s Carbon content if transformation efficiencies are favorable. Therefore shifting from mined to Captured Carbon resources could offer one of the greatest economic opportunities to mitigate Climate Change.

A Comparison of Tooth Microwear Between an Extinct Marsupial Predator, the Tasmanian Tiger Thylacinus-Cynocephalus (Thylacinidae) and an Extant Scavenger, the Tasmanian Devil Sarcophilus-Harrisii (Dasyuridae, Marsupialia)

1989 ◽  
Vol 37 (5) ◽  
pp. 575 ◽  
Author(s):  
SK Robson ◽  
WG Young
Keyword(s):  
Species Differences ◽  
Intraspecific Variability ◽  
Leading Edge ◽  
Interspecific Variation ◽  
Tasmanian Devil ◽  
Trailing Edge ◽  
Carnivorous Species ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Number Of Individuals ◽  
Sarcophilus Harrisii

Tooth microwear patterns in the predator Thylacinus cynocephalus and the scavenger Sarcophilus harrisii were examined as potentical indicators of dietary differences and occlusal mechanics. Homologous proximal facets on the metacrista of the maxillary right 3rd molar of each species were examined as gold coated replicas under the SEM. The density, dimensions and relative abundances of microwear features were recorded. Significant intrafacet microwear variation exists relative to the direction of the occlusal stroke in Thylacinus. Striation and pit frequency are inversely correlated down the facet, with striations being more frequent at the leading edge; pits are larger and more frequent at the trailing edge. This pattern supports proposed models of the carnassial chewing stroke, where it is predicted that the shearing component, that produces striations, is greater at the leading edge of the facet, while the compression component of the occlusal stroke, which results in relatively more pits, is greater at the trailing edge of the facet. Significant intraspecific and interspecific variation is found in microwear feature dimensions, and densities. Pit diameters and densities are significantly greater in Thylacinus, although only approximately 11% of the total variance in these features was attributable to species differences. The remaining variance was distributed equally between individuals of the same species, and the leading and trailing regions of the facet. The high degree of intraspecific variability indicates that in carnivorous species at least, a sufficient number of individuals must be examined before accurate dietary interpretations and comparisons with other species can be made.

Historical analysis of changes in land use and carbon stock of vegetation in south and southeast Asia

1991 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth P. Flint ◽  
John F. Richards
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Carbon Content ◽  
Carbon Stock ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Standing Stock ◽  
Carbon Equivalent ◽  
Vegetation Types ◽  
Study Region ◽  
Entire Study ◽  
Ecological Zones

A time series (1880, 1920, 1950, 1980) of estimates of land use and carbon content of vegetation is presented for a contiguous area of 1.7 × 106 km2 in northern India, Bangladesh, and Burma. This was developed using sequential bookkeeping models, which systematically incorporate official agricultural and forest statistics with ecological, botanical, historical, geographical, and demographic data. For 149 administrative units, aggregated into 39 ecological zones, we estimated area and carbon content for each of the following land-use categories: net cultivated area, settled–built-up area, forest–woodland, interrupted woods, grass–shrub complexes, barren – sparsely vegetated areas, wetlands, and surface water. Dominant patterns of land-use change were deforestation, agricultural expansion, and wetland clearance, but significant regional and temporal disparities were observed. For the entire study region, the estimated standing stock of carbon in biomass declined by 2.62 Gt over the century. Release by periods was 911 Mt for 1880–1920, 750 Mt for 1920–1950, and 964 Mt for 1950–1980. Forest–woodland and interrupted woods vegetation released carbon equivalent to over 90% of the total release. Both conversion of forest to other vegetation types and reduction over time of biomass within vegetation types contributed significantly to decreases in total standing carbon stock during the period.

scholarly journals Estimating agro-ecosystem carbon balance of northern Japan, and comparing the change in carbon stock by soil inventory and net biome productivity

2016 ◽  
Vol 554-555 ◽  
pp. 293-302 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xi Li ◽  
Yo Toma ◽  
Jagadeesh Yeluripati ◽  
Shinya Iwasaki ◽  
Sonoko D. Bellingrath-Kimura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Balance ◽  
Carbon Stock ◽  
Ecosystem Carbon ◽  
Ecosystem Carbon Balance ◽  
Northern Japan

scholarly journals Estimation of Carbon Stock Changes in Above Ground Woody Biomass due to Volcano Pyroclastic Flow and Pyroclastic Surge

2014 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 78
Author(s):  
Selli Fidi Yani Wardani
Keyword(s):  
Pyroclastic Flow ◽  
National Park ◽  
Carbon Stock ◽  
Government Regulation ◽  
Allometric Equation ◽  
Projection Area ◽  
Pyroclastic Surge ◽  
Merapi Volcano ◽  
Pine Tree ◽  
Natural Carbon

Merapi Volcano National Park (MVNP) is susceptible to volcanic hazard since it is located around Merapivolcano, especially pyroclastic flow. Carbon sequestration in the national park is becoming a priority of forest developmentas stipulated in Government Regulation Number 28 Year 2011 and Number 49 Year 2011. This study aims to knowthe effect of pyroclastic event to carbon stock in MVNP. In this study the natural carbon rate recovery in MVNP wasestimated to determine the growth rate of natural carbon recovery in MVNP. To estimate carbon stock change in MVNP,2006 QuickBird and 2011 GeoEye satellite imageries were used. Object based image segmentation of high resolutionsatellites imagery could recognize physical dimensions of individual trees such as crown projection area (CPA). In thisstudy, carbon stock was derived using allometric equation based on measured diameter at breast height (DBH) in thefield. A model was developed to estimate carbon stock based on DBH estimation in the field and segmented CPA fromthe image. Based on the segmentation process, the model of CPA and Carbon in MVNP was developed. The F scorewhich indicate the accuracy of segmentation of needle leaf and broadleaved of 2011 GeoEye were 0.68 and 0.54 respectively.Logarithmic model which has 6.37 % error was used to estimate broadleaved carbon stock while quadratic modelwhich has 10.31 % error was used to estimate Pine tree carbon stock in MVNP.

scholarly journals Study of changes in carbon stock in primary and secondary forest in protection forest of Soya Village, Ambon City

2021 ◽  
Vol 883 (1) ◽  
pp. 012078
Author(s):  
L Siahaya ◽  
L Pelupessy ◽  
Y D Komul ◽  
A Sahupala ◽  
T E Siahaya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Carbon Content ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Carbon Stock ◽  
Secondary Forest ◽  
Primary Forest ◽  
Secondary Forests ◽  
Protection Forest ◽  
Litter Biomass ◽  
Wet Weight

Abstract This study aimed to determine changes in litter biomass and the effect of changes in litter biomass on carbon stock changes in Permanent Sample Plots of primary and secondary forest in the Protection Forest of Soya Village, Ambon City, for three years of measurement. This study used a sampling method with harvesting/collection and using laboratory analysis, where the working procedure used the SNI: 7724 guidelines. The data taken includes the water content of litter, total wet weight, dry weight of the sample, and wet weight of the sample to calculate the range of biomass or organic matter and carbon content of litter organic matter. The results showed that the average value of water content in both primary and secondary forests decreased. The depletion degree was higher in the first year than the second and third year. The biomass content of litter in primary forests decreased from year to year for three years of measurement. It causes a decrease in the carbon content in the primary forest. In contrast, the biomass content in secondary forests increased from year to year and increased carbon content from year to year for three years of measurement.

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