scholarly journals Electronic prescription: frequency and severity of medication errors

2019 ◽  
Vol 65 (11) ◽  
pp. 1349-1355
Author(s):  
Mário Borges Rosa ◽  
Mariana Martins Gonzaga do Nascimento ◽  
Priscilla Benfica Cirilio ◽  
Rosângela de Almeida Santos ◽  
Lucas Flores Batista ◽  
...  

SUMMARY OBJECTIVE: To assess the frequency and severity of prescriptions errors with potentially dangerous drugs (heparin and potassium chloride for injection concentrate) before and after the introduction of a computerized provider order entry (CPOE) system. METHODS: This is a retrospective study that compared errors in manual/pre-typed prescriptions in 2007 (Stage 1) with CPOE prescriptions in 2014 (Stage 2) (Total = 1,028 prescriptions), in two high-complexity hospitals of Belo Horizonte, Brasil. RESULTS: An increase of 25% in the frequency of errors in Hospital 1 was observed after the intervention (p<0.001). In contrast, a decreased error frequency of 85% was observed in Hospital 2 (p<0.001). Regarding potassium chloride, the error rate remained unchanged in Hospital 1 (p>0.05). In Hospital 2, a significant decrease was recorded in Stage 2 (p<0.001). A reduced error severity with heparin (p<0.001) was noted, while potassium chloride-related prescription severity remain unchanged (p> 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The frequency and severity of medication errors after the introduction of CPOE was affected differently in the two hospitals, which shows a need for thorough observation when the prescription system is modified. Control of new potential errors introduced and their causes for the adoption of measures to prevent these events must be in place during and after the implementation of this technology.

2016 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 339-345 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyle A. Franco ◽  
Keliana O'Mara

OBJECTIVES: To determine if computerized provider order entry (CPOE) implementation impacts the time it takes for preterm neonates to reach their parenteral macronutrient goals. METHODS: Retrospective review of neonates &lt;1750 g receiving parenteral nutrition (PN) before and after the implementation of CPOE. Primary outcome was the attainment of parenteral macronutrient goals. Secondary outcomes included time to attainment, the frequency of electrolyte abnormalities, and the incidence of required adjustments made to PN orders by verification pharmacists. RESULTS: Goal PN was achieved by 12/47 (25.5%) intervention vs. 2/44 (4.5%) control group infants (p &lt; 0.05). This goal was attained in 10.8 ± 7.5 days in the intervention group and 10 ± 4.2 days in the control group (p = 0.90). Goal protein was reached by 74.5% of CPOE patients vs. 36.4% of controls, p &lt; 0.05. Lipid goals were achieved by 98% vs. 100% (p = 0.33) of patients and were attained at an average of 1.5 ± 0.8 days vs. 2.0 ± 1.1 days (p &lt; 0.05). Abnormal serum electrolyte values occurred more frequently in the control group (0.79 vs. 1.12/day PN). Adjustments by a verification pharmacist were required in 5.6% of CPOE compared with 30.4% of control group orders (p &lt; 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: CPOE parenteral nutrition increased the proportion of preterm neonates attaining overall macronutrient goals. With CPOE, protein goals were reached by more patients and goal lipids were achieved faster. This system also decreased the number of pharmacist interventions during verification of PN orders and appeared to positively impact the incidence of serum electrolyte disturbances.


2016 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Heather Neville ◽  
Larry Broadfield ◽  
Claudia Harding ◽  
Shelley Heukshorst ◽  
Jennifer Sweetapple ◽  
...  

<p><strong>ABSTRACT</strong></p><p><strong>Background: </strong>Pharmacy technicians are expanding their scope of practice, often in partnership with pharmacists. In oncology, such a shift in responsibilities may lead to workflow efficiencies, but may also cause concerns about patient risk and medication errors.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The primary objective was to compare the time spent on order entry and order-entry checking before and after training of a clinical support pharmacy technician (CSPT) to perform chemotherapy order entry. The secondary objectives were to document workflow interruptions and to assess medication errors.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This before-and-after observational study investigated chemotherapy order entry for ambulatory oncology patients. Order entry was performed by pharmacists before the process change (phase 1) and by 1 CSPT after the change (phase 2); order-entry checking was performed by a pharmacist during both phases. The tasks were timed by an independent observer using a personal digital assistant. A convenience sample of 125 orders was targeted for each phase. Data were exported to Microsoft Excel software, and timing differences for each task were tested with an unpaired <em>t </em>test.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Totals of 143 and 128 individual orders were timed for order entry during phase 1 (pharmacist) and phase 2 (CSPT), respectively. The mean total time to perform order entry was greater during phase 1 (1:37 min versus 1:20 min; <em>p </em>= 0.044). Totals of 144 and 122 individual orders were timed for order-entry checking (by a pharmacist) in phases 1 and 2, respectively, and there was no difference in mean total time for order-entry checking (1:21 min versus 1:20 min; <em>p </em>= 0.69). There were 33 interruptions not related to order entry (totalling 39:38 min) during phase 1 and 25 interruptions (totalling 30:08 min) during phase 2. Three errors were observed during order entry in phase 1 and one error during order-entry checking in phase 2; the errors were rated as having no effect on patient care.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Chemotherapy order entry by a trained CSPT appeared to be just as safe and efficient as order entry by a pharmacist. Changes in pharmacy technicians’ scope of practice could increase the amount of time available for pharmacists to provide direct patient care in the oncology setting.</p><p><strong>RÉSUMÉ</strong></p><p><strong>Contexte : </strong>Les techniciens en pharmacie élargissent leur champ de pratique, souvent en partenariat avec les pharmaciens. En oncologie, un tel changement dans les responsabilités pourrait conduire à une optimisation de l’organisation du travail, mais il peut aussi soulever des inquiétudes au sujet des risques pour le patient et des erreurs de médicaments.</p><p><strong>Objectifs : </strong>L’objectif principal était de comparer le temps passé à la saisie d’ordonnances et à la vérification de cette saisie avant et après avoir formé un technicien en pharmacie dédié au soutien clinique (TPDSC) à la saisie d’ordonnances de chimiothérapie. Les objectifs secondaires étaient de répertorier les interruptions de travail et d’évaluer les erreurs de médicaments.</p><p><strong>Méthodes : </strong>La présente étude observationnelle avant-après s’est intéressée à la saisie d’ordonnances de  chimiothérapie pour les patients ambulatoires en oncologie. La saisie d’ordonnances était réalisée par des pharmaciens avant le changement de procédé (phase 1), puis, après le changement (phase 2), un TPDSC en avait la responsabilité. Un pharmacien vérifiait la saisie d’ordonnances au cours des deux phases. Les tâches étaient chronométrées par un observateur indépendant à l’aide d’un assistant numérique personnel. Un échantillon de  commodité de 125 ordonnances était souhaité pour chaque phase. Les données ont été consignées dans un tableur Excel de Microsoft et les écarts de temps pour chaque tâche ont été évalués à l’aide d’un test <em>t </em>pour échantillons indépendants.</p><p><strong>Résultats : </strong>Au total, on a chronométré le temps de saisie pour 143 ordonnances à la phase 1 (pharmacien), puis de 128 ordonnances pour la phase 2 (TPDSC). Le temps total moyen nécessaire pour saisir une ordonnance était plus long au cours de la phase 1 (1 min 37 s contre 1 min 20 s; <em>p </em>= 0,044). Au total, on a chronométré la vérification (réalisée par un pharmacien) de saisie pour 144 ordonnances à la phase 1 et 122 ordonnances à la phase 2. Aucune différence notable n’a été relevée dans le temps total moyen de vérification (1 min 21 s contre 1 min 20 s; <em>p </em>= 0,69). On a dénombré 33 interruptions sans lien à la saisie d’ordonnances (totalisant 39 min 38 s) au cours de la phase 1 et 25 interruptions (totalisant 30 min et 8 s) durant la phase 2. Trois erreurs à la saisie d’ordonnances ont été observées pendant la phase 1 et une erreur à la vérification de la saisie d’ordonnances pendant la phase 2; ces erreurs ont été jugées sans effet sur les soins aux patients.</p><p><strong>Conclusions : </strong>La saisie d’ordonnances de chimiothérapie par un TPDSC formé semblait être tout aussi sûre et efficiente que si elle était réalisée par un pharmacien. Les changements apportés au champ de pratique des techniciens en pharmacie pourraient accroître le temps dont disposent les pharmaciens pour prodiguer des soins directs aux patients en oncologie.</p>


CJEM ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 264-269 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Gray ◽  
Christopher M.B. Fernandes ◽  
Kristine Van Aarsen ◽  
Melanie Columbus

AbstractObjectivesComputerized provider order entry (CPOE) has been established as a method to improve patient safety by avoiding medication errors; however, its effect on emergency department (ED) flow remains undefined. We examined the impact of CPOE implementation on three measures of ED throughput: wait time (WT), length of stay (LOS), and the proportion of patients that left without being seen (LWBS).MethodsWe conducted a retrospective cohort study of all ED patients of 18 years and older presenting to London Health Sciences Centre during July and August 2013 and 2014, before and after implementation of a CPOE system. The three primary variables were compared between time periods. Subgroup analyses were also conducted within each Canadian Triage and Acuity Scale (CTAS) level (1–5) individually, as well as for admitted patients only.ResultsA significant increase in WT of 5 minutes (p=0.036) and LOS of 10 minutes (p=0.001), and an increase in LWBS from 7.2% to 8.1% (p=0.002) was seen after CPOE implementation. Admitted patients’ LOS increased by 63 minutes (p<0.001), the WT of CTAS 3 and 5 patients increased by 6 minutes (p=0.001) and 39 minutes (p=0.005), and LWBS proportion increased significantly for CTAS 3–5 patients, from 24.3% to 42.0% (p<0.001) for CTAS 5 patients specifically.ConclusionsCPOE implementation detrimentally impacted all patient flow throughput measures that we examined. The most striking clinically relevant result was the increase in LOS of 63 minutes for admitted patients. This raises the question as to whether the potential detrimental effects to patient safety of CPOE implementation outweigh its benefits.


2010 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 78-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily Beth Devine ◽  
Ryan N Hansen ◽  
Jennifer L Wilson-Norton ◽  
N M Lawless ◽  
Albert W Fisk ◽  
...  

2013 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 470-476 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. C. Radley ◽  
M. R. Wasserman ◽  
L. E. Olsho ◽  
S. J. Shoemaker ◽  
M. D. Spranca ◽  
...  

2016 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 413-422 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mirela Prgomet ◽  
Ling Li ◽  
Zahra Niazkhani ◽  
Andrew Georgiou ◽  
Johanna I Westbrook

Objective: To conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of the impact of commercial computerized provider order entry (CPOE) and clinical decision support systems (CDSSs) on medication errors, length of stay (LOS), and mortality in intensive care units (ICUs). Methods: We searched for English-language literature published between January 2000 and January 2016 using Medline, Embase, and CINAHL. Titles and abstracts of 586 unique citations were screened. Studies were included if they: (1) reported results for an ICU population; (2) evaluated the impact of CPOE or the addition of CDSSs to an existing CPOE system; (3) reported quantitative data on medication errors, ICU LOS, hospital LOS, ICU mortality, and/or hospital mortality; and (4) used a randomized controlled trial or quasi-experimental study design. Results: Twenty studies met our inclusion criteria. The transition from paper-based ordering to commercial CPOE systems in ICUs was associated with an 85% reduction in medication prescribing error rates and a 12% reduction in ICU mortality rates. Overall meta-analyses of LOS and hospital mortality did not demonstrate a significant change. Discussion and Conclusion: Critical care settings, both adult and pediatric, involve unique complexities, making them vulnerable to medication errors and adverse patient outcomes. The currently limited evidence base requires research that has sufficient statistical power to identify the true effect of CPOE implementation. There is also a critical need to understand the nature of errors arising post-CPOE and how the addition of CDSSs can be used to provide greater benefit to delivering safe and effective patient care.


2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 2834-2859
Author(s):  
Manal Elshayib ◽  
Lawrence Pawola

The Institute of Medicine estimates that 7,000 lives are lost yearly as a result of medication errors. Computerized physician and/or provider order entry was one of the proposed solutions to overcome this tragic issue. Despite some promising data about its effectiveness, it has been found that computerized provider order entry may facilitate medication errors. The purpose of this review is to summarize current evidence of computerized provider order entry -related medication errors and address the sociotechnical factors impacting the safe use of computerized provider order entry. By using PubMed and Google Scholar databases, a systematic search was conducted for articles published in English between 2007 and 2019 regarding the unintended consequences of computerized provider order entry and its related medication errors. A total of 288 articles were screened and categorized based on their use within the review. One hundred six articles met our pre-defined inclusion criteria and were read in full, in addition to another 27 articles obtained from references. All included articles were classified into the following categories: rates and statistics on computerized provider order entry -related medication errors, types of computerized provider order entry -related unintended consequences, factors contributing to computerized provider order entry failure, and recommendations based on addressing sociotechnical factors. Identifying major types of computerized provider order entry -related unintended consequences and addressing their causes can help in developing appropriate strategies for safe and effective computerized provider order entry. The interplay between social and technical factors can largely affect its safe implementation and use. This review discusses several factors associated with the unintended consequences of this technology in healthcare settings and presents recommendations for enhancing its effectiveness and safety within the context of sociotechnical factors.


2012 ◽  
Vol 30 (34_suppl) ◽  
pp. 295-295
Author(s):  
Lyudmila Bazhenova ◽  
Patricia A. DeMoor

295 Background: Computerized provider order entry (CPOE) reduces medication errors (ME) in ambulatory and hospital settings. We conducted a study to assess the effect of CPOE on ME in an outpatient NCI designated infusion center (IC). Methods: Both actual and prevented ME were prospectively reported by clinical staff as part of IC Standard Operating Procedure using the electronic Quality Variance Reporting (eQVR, Incident Reporting 2.0, University of California) system. Reported ME from 10/2007 to 03/2011 were reviewed by 2 investigators and classified into categories by consensus: wrong medication given (WM), medication missed (MM), wrong timing/rate (T/R), wrong dose (WD), unmet chemotherapy parameters (UP) and other (O). Classifications were further categorized by preventable or facilitated by CPOE. We compared ME 18 mo. pre and post implementation. The 6 month go live period was reviewed separately to examine ME related to a learning curve (LC). Results: 40,366 patients were seen pre-implementation, 47,460 post, and 14,343 during go live. The total ME per pt was similar pre and post (see table). There were dramatic rate differences in WM and MM, but no effect on T/R, WD, UP. In the pre period 66% of ME were felt preventable by CPOE. In turn 35% of ME were facilitated by CPOE. Preventability rates differed between categories. During go live 100% of CPOE facilitated ME were related to user and designer LC. Post implementation 58% of CPOE facilitated ME were still accounted by LC with the rest felt related to the complexity of CPOE. Conclusions: ME are rare in our outpatient IC. CPOE did not change the total number of ME but significantly decreased the rate of WM. Complexities of CPOE resulted in increased MM. LC related errors still occur 24 mo. after implementation of CPOE and require constant monitoring and education. CPOE increased the rate of serious ME felt due to the change in workflow and adding an extra layer of complexity. Human errors cannot be fixed with CPOE and generally encompassed the ME in T/R, WD, and UP classifications [Table: see text]


10.19082/7196 ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 7196-7204
Author(s):  
Reza Rabiei ◽  
Hamid Moghaddasi ◽  
Farkhondeh Asadi ◽  
Maryam Heydari

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