scholarly journals Flower abortion and yield of processing tomato according to irrigation depths

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (6) ◽  
pp. 415-421
Author(s):  
Cícero J. da Silva ◽  
José A. Frizzone ◽  
Luiz F. M. da Silva ◽  
Ygor A. de O. Santos ◽  
Adelmo Golynski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Irrigation Management ◽  
Abortion Rate ◽  
Brazilian Cerrado ◽  
Processing Tomato ◽  
Tomato Yield ◽  
Flower Abortion ◽  
Irrigation Levels

HIGHLIGHTS The number of flowers, the abortion rate, and the number of fruits per flower cluster directly influence processing tomato yield. Deficient or excessive irrigation levels impair flowering and increase the abortion of flowers of the processing tomato. Irrigation management is essential for the yield of processing tomato crops from the Brazilian Cerrado.

scholarly journals Water saving strategies assessment on processing tomato cultivated in Mediterranean region

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (1s) ◽  
pp. 69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcella M. Giuliani ◽  
Giuseppe Gatta ◽  
Eugenio Nardella ◽  
Emanuele Tarantino
Keyword(s):  
Deficit Irrigation ◽  
Mediterranean Region ◽  
Irrigation Management ◽  
Marketable Yield ◽  
Irrigation Planning ◽  
Water Regimes ◽  
Processing Tomato ◽  
Water Stress Tolerance ◽  
Irrigation Regimes ◽  
Irrigation Volume

Processing tomato grown in Mediterranean region required high irrigation volume throughout growing season. A two-year study was carried out in order to investigate the effects of deficit irrigation (DI) and regulated deficit irrigation (RDI) on processing tomato cultivated under sub-arid conditions. A comparison between the irrigation management linked to common practice adopted by farmer and the irrigation management based on crop evapotranspiration (ET<sub>c</sub>) demand was also done. The tomato cv. <em>Genius</em> F1 was cultivated under five water regimes: minimal irrigation (I<sub>0</sub>), as irrigation only at transplanting and during fertilising; DI, to restore 60% ET<sub>c</sub>; RDI, to restore 60%-80%- 60% ET<sub>c</sub> across the three main tomato phenological stages; full irrigation (FI), to restore 100% ET<sub>c</sub>; and farmer irrigation (FaI), as irrigation following the subjective farmer method. Compared to FI, under the FaI regime, the seasonal irrigation volume was 31% and 26% higher in the 2009 and 2010, respectively, with not significant yield increase between the two water regimes. Among the irrigation regimes, only the RDI showed similar yield values over the two years, although 2010 was climatically less favourable. For the water use efficiency related to the marketable yield (WUE<sub>y</sub>), among the irrigation regimes, RDI showed the higher value together with FI. Finally, the K<sub>y</sub> was 0.91, which indicates moderate water stress tolerance for processing tomato cultivated in Mediterranean regions. In conclusion, the data obtained in the present study demonstrate that in Southern Italy the irrigation planning followed by the farmer does not follow the principles of sustainable irrigation. Moreover, with the adoption of the RDI strategy, it is possible to save about 27% of water maintaining high WUE<sub>y</sub> value with an increase of fruit quality. The adoption of this regime could be suggested in processing tomato cultivated under Mediterranean climate saving water in both the vegetative and ripening periods.

scholarly journals Performance of processing tomatoes under different supply levels of crop evapotranspiration

2018 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 299-305
Author(s):  
Cícero J Silva ◽  
Nadson C Pontes ◽  
Adelmo Golynski ◽  
Marcos B Braga ◽  
Alice M Quezado-Duval ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Irrigation System ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Water Productivity ◽  
Irrigation Management ◽  
Crop Evapotranspiration ◽  
Production Chain ◽  
Crop Cycle ◽  
Growing Conditions ◽  
Irrigation Levels

ABSTRACT Irrigation management is essential to promote appropriate plant growth and guarantee production and quality of the tomatoes for processing, increases the efficiency of nutrients use and contributes to ensure the sustainability of the production chain. This study was installed to evaluate productive performance of two processing tomato hybrids submitted to five water depths under drip irrigation system. Five levels of crop evapotranspiration (ETc) replacement (60%, 100%, 140%, 180% and 220%) and two tomato hybrids (BRS Sena and H 9992) were tested. The experimental design was a 5×2 factorial arranged in randomized complete block design with four replications. During the crop cycle, hybrids BRS Sena and H 9992 needed 692.20 and 418.43 mm of water, yielding 80 and 44.06 t ha-1, respectively. For both hybrids, the higher water productivity was observed when lower levels of irrigation were applied. Higher productivities and pulp yields of ‘BRS Sena’ and ‘H 9992’ were noticed when replacing 150-166% and 99-101% ETc, respectively. We observed that improving the performance of processing hybrid tomatoes is possible by adjusting irrigation levels for each hybrid according to growing conditions.

scholarly journals Tomato yield as a function of water depths and irrigation suspension periods

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (8) ◽  
pp. 591-597 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cícero J. da Silva ◽  
José A. Frizzone ◽  
César A. da Silva ◽  
Adelmo Golynski ◽  
Luiz F. M. da Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Deficit ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Water Productivity ◽  
Irrigation Management ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Crop Evapotranspiration ◽  
Industrial Processing ◽  
Tomato Yield ◽  
Subsurface Drip ◽  
Water Depths

ABSTRACT Irrigation management is essential for tomato fruits yield and quality. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the yield of tomatoes for industrial processing, ‘BRS Sena’ hybrid, subjected to water depths and irrigation suspension periods before harvest, irrigated by subsurface drip irrigation, in Goiás, Brazil (17º 49’ 19.5” S and 49º 12’ 11.3” W), in 2015 and 2016. The experiments were conducted under a randomized complete block design, with four replications, in split plots. Five irrigation levels (50, 75, 100, 125 and 150% of crop evapotranspiration) were evaluated in the plots and five irrigation suspension periods (0, 7, 14, 21 and 28 days before harvest) were evaluated in the subplots. At 125 days after transplanting the seedlings, the yields of green, mature, rotten fruits and total yield, water productivity and percentages of green, mature and rotten fruits were evaluated. The highest total fruit yields (105.86 and 58.60 t ha-1) were obtained with water replacements ranging from 125.47 (615.09 mm) to 132.11 (564.00 mm) of crop evapotranspiration, in the first and second year of experiment, respectively. Growing plants under water deficit and excess increased the incidence of rotten fruits and decreased that of mature fruits. Pre-harvest irrigation suspension reduced crop yield and incidence of green fruits and increased the incidence of rotten fruits. The highest water productivity by the crop occurred under water deficit, management that may be interesting for regions with water restrictions.

scholarly journals Carrot yield and water-use efficiency under different mulching, organic fertilization and irrigation levels

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (7) ◽  
pp. 445-450
Author(s):  
Daniel F. de Carvalho ◽  
Daniela P. Gomes ◽  
Dionizio H. de Oliveira Neto ◽  
José G. M. Guerra ◽  
Janaína R. C. Rouws ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Irrigation Management ◽  
Gliricidia Sepium ◽  
Time Domain Reflectometry ◽  
Crop Evapotranspiration ◽  
Organic Fertilization ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Irrigation Levels ◽  
Water Depths

ABSTRACT This study was carried out to evaluate the contributions to the optimization of water use in a carrot crop under different forms of mulch using Gliricidia sepium, fertilization with castor bean cakes and irrigation water depths. The experiment was conducted in Seropédica, RJ, Brazil (22º 46’ S and 43º 41’ W), from June to September 2010. The experiment was conducted using a split-split-plot scheme (5 x 3 x 2), with four replicates. The five plots had irrigation depths corresponding to 0, 43, 72, 100 and 120% of crop evapotranspiration (ETc); the three subplots contained the different forms of mulch (whole leaves (WL) and chopped leaves and branches (CLB)) and the absence of mulch (AM); and the two sub-subplots contained either the presence (PF) or absence of fertilization (AF). Using time domain reflectometry (TDR) in the irrigation management, water depths ranging from 67.8 to 285.5 mm were applied. The use of mulch in association with fertilization led to higher yields and water-use efficiency (WUE) of the carrot plants, and the mulch composed of WL performed best. The application of irrigation depths corresponding to 97% of ETc promoted the highest carrot yields, although the highest values of WUE were observed, with irrigation depths corresponding to a range from 51 to 68% of ETc.

Nitrate leaching under different levels of irrigation for three turfgrasses in southern Puerto Rico.

1969 ◽  
Vol 92 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 135-152
Author(s):  
José Paulino-Paulino ◽  
Eric W. Harmsen ◽  
David Sotomayor-Ramírez ◽  
Luis E. Rivera
Keyword(s):  
Puerto Rico ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Soil Solution ◽  
Color Index ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Irrigation Management ◽  
Bermuda Grass ◽  
N Leaching ◽  
Irrigation Level ◽  
Irrigation Levels

Inadequate nutrient and irrigation management of turfgrass may result in nitrate (N03) losses by leaching, and may contribute to elevated N03-N concentrations in groundwater. A field study was conducted to evaluate the effect of three irrigation levels on the N03-N concentration in soil solution and the mass of total N03-N lost by leaching for three grasses: Bermuda [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.], Centipede [Eremochloa ophiuroides (Munro.) Hack], and Zoysia manila [Zoysia matrella (L.) Merr.]. The study was conducted at Juana Díaz, Puerto Rico, on a San Antón soil (fine-clayey, montmorillonitic, isohyperthermic Cumulic Haplustolls) from June 2001 until September 2002. Soil water N03-N concentrations below the root zone were obtained from water samples collected from suction lysimeters. The levels of irrigation applied were 75,100 and 125% of the daily evapotranspiration (ET), calculated by using the pan evaporation method. Grass was fertilized with 165 kg N/ha/yr, split into four applications. The Bermuda grass exhibited the highest rate of horizontal growth (cover), reaching maximum cover in 45 days, whereas the others reached maximum cover in 120 days. Bermuda grass was the most efficient in reducing the loss of N03-N, with a mean annual soil water concentration below the root zone of 3.24 mg/L, whereas Zoysia and Centipede grasses were less efficient with mean annual soil water concentrations below the root zone of 17.4 and 17.8 mg/L, respectively. The soil solution concentration of N03-N did not change significantly for the Bermuda grass with increases in the level of irrigation. However, lower mean annual N03-N concentrations were observed for the Centipede and Zoysia grasses at the irrigation levels of 100% and 75% ET, with mean values of 14.0 and 11.1 mg/L, respectively. The Bermuda grass had an acceptable color index at the 100% ET, and resulted in decreased N03-N concentrations and mass losses. On the other hand, Zoysia and Centipede grasses presented a commercially acceptable color index and minimal N03-N leaching at the 75% ET irrigation level. The results from this study provide valuable information related to water and nutrient management for the turfgrass industry in southern Puerto Rico.

scholarly journals Processing Tomato Yield and Fruit Quality Improved with Potassium Fertigation

HortScience ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 40 (6) ◽  
pp. 1862-1867 ◽  
Author(s):  
T.K. Hartz ◽  
P.R. Johnstone ◽  
D.M. Francis ◽  
E.M. Miyao
Keyword(s):  
Field Trials ◽  
Fruit Color ◽  
Fruit Yield ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Processing Tomato ◽  
Tomato Yield ◽  
Solids Concentration ◽  
Shoulder Region ◽  
History Of ◽  
Marketable Fruit

The effect of K fertigation through subsurface irrigation lines on processing tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) fruit yield and quality was evaluated in four field trials in California from 2002–04. Fields had exchangeable soil K between 0.48 to 0.85 cmol·kg–1, with high exchangeable Mg (10.6 to 13.7 cmol·kg–1) and a history of yellow shoulder (YS, a fruit color disorder) occurrence. K treatments evaluated included seasonal amount applied (0 to 800 kg·ha–1), fertigation method (continuous versus weekly), and timing (early, mid or late season); foliar K treatments were also included in the 2002 trial. In two fields total and marketable fruit yield were significantly increased by K fertigation, and fruit color improvements were observed in all trials. Among color parameters improved by K fertigation were YS incidence, blended color, and L*, chroma, and hue of the shoulder region of fruit. K fertigation did not affect fruit soluble solids concentration. Yield increased only with fertigation treatments initiated during early fruit set. The effects of fertigation method and rate were inconsistent. Foliar K application was ineffective in increasing either fruit yield or quality.

scholarly journals Biofumigation and Soil Conditioning Effects of Cover Crops in Processing Tomato

HortScience ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 1111B-1111
Author(s):  
P. R. Johnstone ◽  
T. K. Hartz ◽  
E. M. Miyao ◽  
R. M. Davis
Keyword(s):  
Cover Crops ◽  
Cover Crop ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Disease Suppression ◽  
Tomato Production ◽  
Metam Sodium ◽  
Processing Tomato ◽  
Tomato Yield ◽  
Winter Runoff ◽  
Legume Cover Crop

Mustard cover crop residue has been reported to have a “biofumigant” action when incorporated into the soil, potentially providing significant disease suppression and yield improvement for the succeeding crop. Such activity could be particularly useful in processing tomato rotations, where consecutive cropping invariably results in yield decline. Agronomic and environmental effects of growing over-winter mustard cover crops preceding tomato production were investigated in three field trials between 2002 and 2004. Two mustard cover crops [`Pacific Gold', a brown mustard (Brassica juncea), and `Caliente', a blend of brown and white mustard (Sinapis alba)] were compared to a legume cover crop mix, a fallow bed treatment (the standard grower practice in this region), and, in two of the three trials, a fumigation treatment using metam sodium. No suppression of soil populations of Verticillium dahliae or Fusarium spp. was observed with the mustard cover crops, nor was there any visual evidence of disease suppression on subsequent tomato crops. In these fields, the mustard either had no effect, or reduced tomato yield, when compared to the fallow treatment. At one of two sites, metam sodium fumigation significantly increased tomato yield. The presence of a cover crop, whether mustard or legume, reduced winter runoff by an average of 50% over two years of trials. No benefit of mustard cover cropping beyond this reduction in winter runoff was observed.

scholarly journals ALFACE AMERICANA CULTIVADA EM AMBIENTE PROTEGIDO SUBMETIDA A DOSES DE POTÁSSIO E LÂMINAS DE IRRIGAÇÃO

Irriga ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 620 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taynara Tuany Borges Valeriano ◽  
Márcio José de Santana ◽  
Lázaro José Macedo Machado ◽  
Ana Flávia Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
Lactuca Sativa ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Irrigation Management ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Lactuca Sativa L ◽  
Federal Institute ◽  
Irrigation Depth ◽  
Education Science ◽  
Irrigation Levels

ALFACE AMERICANA CULTIVADA EM AMBIENTE PROTEGIDO SUBMETIDA A DOSES DE POTÁSSIO E LÂMINAS DE IRRIGAÇÃO  TAYNARA TUANY BORGES VALERIANO1;MÁRCIO JOSÉ DE SANTANA2;ANA FLÁVIA OLIVEIRA3 E LÁZARO JOSÉ MACEDO MACHADO4 1 Eng. Agrônoma, Departamento de Ciências Exatas, Universidade Estadual Paulista/ Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias de Jaboticabal – SP, CEP São Paulo - CEP 14884-900 – Brasil. [email protected] 2  Eng. Agrônomo, Prof. Dr. em Irrigação e Drenagem,  Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Triângulo Mineiro, Uberaba, Uberaba, CEP 38064-300, Uberaba – MG, Brasil. [email protected]  Eng. Agrônoma, Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Triângulo Mineiro, Uberaba – MG, Brasil. [email protected]  Eng. Agrônomo, Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Triângulo Mineiro, Uberaba – MG, Brasil. [email protected]  1 RESUMO O cultivo de alface em ambiente protegido tem crescido bastante nos últimos anos devido ao maior controle dos fatores ambientais, aliado ao emprego de práticas de irrigação e adubação pode contribuir com o aumento da produtividade e melhoria na qualidade do produto.  A partir do exposto, um experimento foi conduzido em casa de vegetação no Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Triângulo Mineiro/IFTM, no município de Uberaba-MG, com o objetivo de avaliar o efeito da aplicação de doses de potássio e lâminas de irrigação na produção de alface americana. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos casualizados, em esquema fatorial 4x4 com três repetições, totalizando 48 unidades experimentais. Foram estudadas quatro doses de potássio (30, 60, 90 e 120 kg ha-1) e quatro lâminas de irrigação (60, 80, 100 e 120% da evapotranspiração da cultura - ETc). Aos 66 dias após o transplantio, determinou-se o diâmetro do caule, a circunferência da cabeça, o número de folhas externas e internas, o peso total da planta e o peso comercial da cabeça. Foi determinada ainda a eficiência do uso da água (EUA) com base na relação peso comercial da cabeça/lâmina de irrigação total aplicada. Observou-se efeito significativo apenas entre as lâminas de irrigação para todas as variáveis estudadas, com resposta crescente até valores próximos a 100% da ETc. A maior EUA de 1,8 g mm-1 foi obtida com a aplicação de 60% da ETc. Palavras-chave: Lactuca sativa L., nutrição, manejo de irrigação. VALERIANO, T. T. B.; SANTANA, M. J.; OLIVEIRA, A. F.; MACHADO, L. J. M. POTASSIUM AND IRRIGATION LEVELS IN THE PRODUCTION OF LETTUCE GROWN IN GREENHOUSES2 ABSTRACTLettuce grown in greenhouses has increased considerably in recent years due to superior control of environmental factors, coupled with the use of irrigation and fertilization practices that contribute to increased yield and improved product quality. Therefore, an experiment was conducted in a greenhouse at the Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of the Mineiro Triangle / IFTM, in Uberaba-MG, in order to evaluate the effect of application of potassium doses and irrigation water in the production of lettuce. The experimental design was randomized blocks in a 4x4 factorial design with three replications, totaling 48 experimental units. We studied four potassium doses (30, 60, 90 and 120 kg ha-1) and four irrigation levels (60, 80, 100 and 120% of crop evapotranspiration - ETc). 66 days after transplanting, the stem diameter, head circumference, the number of internal and external leaves, the total weight of the plant and the commercial weight of the head were determined. Water use efficiency (WUE) was also determined based on the commercial weight ratio of the head / Total irrigation depth applied. There was significant effect, among irrigation water levels, for all variables studied, with growing response to values close to 100% of ETC. The superior USA 1.8 g mm-1 was obtained by applying 60% of the ETC.Keywords: Lactuca sativa L., mineral nutrition, irrigation management.   

scholarly journals Optimizing Sensor-Based Irrigation Management in a Soilless Vertical Farm for Growing Microgreens

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahya Tavan ◽  
Benjamin Wee ◽  
Graham Brodie ◽  
Sigfredo Fuentes ◽  
Alexis Pang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Use ◽  
Irrigation Management ◽  
Gravimetric Method ◽  
Canopy Temperature ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Crop Water Stress Index ◽  
Irrigation Level ◽  
Moisture Sensor ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Irrigation Levels

With water resources constantly becoming scarcer, and 70% of freshwater used for the agriculture sector, there is a growing need for innovative methods to increase water use efficiency (WUE) of food production systems and provide nutrient-dense food to an increasing population. Sensor technology has recently been introduced to the horticulture industry to increase resource use efficiency and minimize the environmental impacts of excessive water use. Identifying the effects of irrigation levels on crop performance is crucial for the success of sensor-based water management. This research aimed to optimize WUE in a soilless microgreen production system through identification of an optimal irrigation level using a sensor that could facilitate the development of a more efficient, low-cost automated irrigation system. A dielectric moisture sensor was implemented to monitor water levels at five irrigation setpoints: 7.5, 17.5, 25, 30, and 35 percent of the effective volume of the container (EVC) during a 14-day growth cycle. To validate the sensor performance, the same irrigation levels were applied to a parallel trial, without sensor, and water levels were monitored gravimetrically. Plant water status and stress reaction were evaluated using infrared thermal imaging, and the accumulation of osmolytes (proline) was determined. Results showed that, proline concentration, canopy temperature (Tc), canopy temperature depression (CTD), and crop water stress index (CWSI) increased at 7.5% EVC in both sensor-based and gravimetric treatments, and infrared index (Ig) and fresh yield decreased. The dielectric moisture sensor was effective in increasing WUE. The irrigation level of 17.5% EVC was found to be optimal. It resulted in a WUE of 88 g/L, an improvement of 30% over the gravimetric method at the same irrigation level. Furthermore, fresh yield increased by 11.5%. The outcome of this study could contribute to the automation of precision irrigation in hydroponically grown microgreens.

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