scholarly journals Ozone Pollution and Urban Mobility Scenarios in the São Paulo Megacity

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Júlio Barboza Chiquetto ◽  
Rita Yuri Ynoue ◽  
Sergio Alejandro Ibarra-Espinosa ◽  
Flávia Noronha Dutra Ribeiro ◽  
William Cabral-Miranda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
Environmental Justice ◽  
Quality Standard ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
Transport Systems ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Urban Mobility ◽  
Ozone Pollution ◽  
Free Zone ◽  
Sustainable Transition

Abstract Air pollution is associated to poor urban mobility conditions, as in the megacity of São Paulo. Three scenarios of policies of driving restrictions were simulated using the WRF/Chem model, to assess the impacts on ozone pollution and the consequences for environmental justice: urban toll, sustainable transition, and vehicle free zone. Results show that the urban toll leads to a decrease of 20 µg.m-3 in maximum 8-hour ozone averages and the prevention of six hours of exceedances of the air quality standard. Sustainable transition was the most promising scenario, with a decrease of 50 µg.m-3 and avoiding 22 hours of exceedances. The vehicle free zone did not show any advantages. For the implementation of adequate public transport systems, massive investments are required, in order to achieve better air quality with the greatest environmental justice possible, aiming towards the protection of human health along with a more democratic access to the urban spaces.

scholarly journals Effects of Air Pollution on Human Health and Costs: Current Situation in São Paulo, Brazil

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 4875 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Carlos Curvelo Santana ◽  
Amanda Carvalho Miranda ◽  
Charles Lincoln Kenji Yamamura ◽  
Silvério Catureba da Silva Filho ◽  
Elias Basile Tambourgi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Hospital Costs ◽  
Quality Standards ◽  
Quality Standard ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Diesel Vehicles

This study focused on verifying whether the emission of air pollutants in São Paulo increases the costs and number of hospitalizations for respiratory diseases in Brazil. Data on pollutant emissions, hospitalizations, and hospital costs were collected from 2008 to 2017 and correlated with air quality standards. The results showed that the concentration of particulate matter increased each year during the study period and was highly correlated with hospitalizations due to respiratory diseases. Ozone (O3) was within the quality standard throughout the study period but registered an increase in the mean and a positive correlation with hospitalizations due to respiratory diseases. The carbon monoxide (CO), sulfur dioxide (SO2), and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) levels were within the quality standards throughout the study period with a decrease in the last years studied, but showed a positive correlation with hospitalizations due to respiratory diseases. The pollutant emissions and hospitalizations due to respiratory diseases had an inverse relationship with the monthly rainfall curve for São Paulo, which indicates that rainfall tended to reduce pollutant emissions and consequently hospitalizations due to inhalation of these pollutants. Because costs are directly associated with hospitalizations, both increased during the study period—302,000 hospitalizations at an average cost of 368 USD resulted in a total cost of 111 million USD. To reduce these costs, Brazil should implement stricter policies to improve the air quality of its major cities and develop a viable alternative to diesel vehicles.

scholarly journals Tillandsia usneoides: A successful alternative for biomonitoring changes in air quality due to a new highway in São Paulo, Brazil

2017 ◽  
Vol 24 (13) ◽  
pp. 12015-12015
Author(s):  
Poliana Cardoso-Gustavson ◽  
Francine Faia Fernandes ◽  
Edenise Segala Alves ◽  
Mariana Pereira Victorio ◽  
Barbara Baesso Moura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Tillandsia Usneoides

scholarly journals Characterization of Air-Quality Degradation Episodes of PM10 in the Metropolitan Area of São Paulo and Their Relationship with Meteorological Conditions

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 8
Author(s):  
Maria C. Q. D. Oliveira ◽  
Luciana V. Rizzo ◽  
Anita Drumond
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
Metropolitan Area ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
Meteorological Conditions ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Urban Centers ◽  
Duration Distribution ◽  
Air Quality Monitoring Stations

Air pollution is one of the main environmental problems in large urban centers, affecting people’s health and impacting quality of life. The Metropolitan Area of São Paulo (MASP) presents frequent exceedances of air-quality standards in inhalable particulate matter (PM10), a consequence of pollutant emissions modulated by meteorological conditions. This study aims to identify and characterize PM10persistent exceedance events (PEE) inthe MASP between 2005 and 2017, relating them to meteorological conditions. The criteria used to select the events were: (i) events that occurred in at least 50% of the air-quality monitoring stations chosen for this study and, (ii) among the events that met the first criterion, those with a duration equal to or greater than five days, which correspond to the 80% percentile of the event duration distribution. A total 71 persistent episodes of exceedance were selected. The results show that the exceedance of PM10 lasted up to 14 consecutive days and was predominant in the austral winter, accompanied by an increase in maximum temperature (T), a decrease in wind speed (WS) and relative humidity (RH), and a wind direction predominantly from the northwest during the peak concentration of the pollutant. On average, a concentration increase of 60% was observed at the peak of the PEE.

Air Quality During Mobility Restrictions in Sao Paulo State Municipalities

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samirys Sara Rodrigues Cirqueira ◽  
Patricia Rodrigues ◽  
Pedro Branco ◽  
Evangelina Vormittag ◽  
Rafael Nunes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Paulo State ◽  
São Paulo State

A crack in the automobility regime? Exploring the transition of São Paulo to sustainable urban mobility

Cities ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 107 ◽  
pp. 102914
Author(s):  
Tarcísio Barbosa Pinhate ◽  
Meg Parsons ◽  
Karen Fisher ◽  
Roa Petra Crease ◽  
Roger Baars
Keyword(s):  
Sao Paulo ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Urban Mobility ◽  
Sustainable Urban Mobility

Pre-study of Air Quality from harvest Burning Sugar cane law at Bauru in São Paulo state, Brazil

2017 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 243-260
Author(s):  
Jang Yu-Woon ◽  
Sang-Sub Ha ◽  
Gang-Woong Lee ◽  
Kyung-Won Chung
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
Sugar Cane ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Paulo State ◽  
São Paulo State

scholarly journals Sensitivity of US air quality to mid-latitude cyclone frequency and implications of 1980–2006 climate change

2008 ◽  
Vol 8 (23) ◽  
pp. 7075-7086 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. M. Leibensperger ◽  
L. J. Mickley ◽  
D. J. Jacob
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
General Circulation ◽  
Strong Predictor ◽  
Storm Track ◽  
Circulation Model ◽  
Quality Standard ◽  
Ozone Pollution ◽  
Long Term Trend ◽  
Cyclone Frequency

Abstract. We show that the frequency of summertime mid-latitude cyclones tracking across eastern North America at 40°–50° N (the southern climatological storm track) is a strong predictor of stagnation and ozone pollution days in the eastern US. The NCEP/NCAR Reanalysis, going back to 1948, shows a significant long-term decline in the number of summertime mid-latitude cyclones in that track starting in 1980 (−0.15 a−1). The more recent but shorter NCEP/DOE Reanalysis (1979–2006) shows similar interannual variability in cyclone frequency but no significant long-term trend. Analysis of NOAA daily weather maps for 1980–2006 supports the trend detected in the NCEP/NCAR Reanalysis 1. A GISS general circulation model (GCM) simulation including historical forcing by greenhouse gases reproduces this decreasing cyclone trend starting in 1980. Such a long-term decrease in mid-latitude cyclone frequency over the 1980–2006 period may have offset by half the ozone air quality gains in the northeastern US from reductions in anthropogenic emissions. We find that if mid-latitude cyclone frequency had not declined, the northeastern US would have been largely compliant with the ozone air quality standard by 2001. Mid-latitude cyclone frequency is expected to decrease further over the coming decades in response to greenhouse warming and this will necessitate deeper emission reductions to achieve a given air quality goal.

scholarly journals Feasibility and difficulties of China's new air quality standard compliance: PRD case of PM<sub>2.5</sub> and ozone from 2010 to 2025

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (23) ◽  
pp. 12013-12027 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Liu ◽  
X. M. Wang ◽  
J. M. Pang ◽  
K. B. He
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Nox Reduction ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Quality Standard ◽  
Average Concentration ◽  
Air Pollutant ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Ozone Pollution ◽  
Pm2.5 And Pm10

Abstract. Improving the air quality in China is a long and arduous task. Although China has made very aggressive plans for air pollutant control, the difficulties in achieving the new air quality goals are still significant. A lot of cities are developing their implementation plan (CIP) for new air quality goals. In this study, a southern city, Guangzhou, has been selected to analyze the feasibility and difficulties of new air quality standard compliance, as well as the CIP evaluation. A comprehensive study of the air quality status in Guangzhou and the surrounding area was conducted using 22 monitoring sites collection data for O3, PM2.5 and PM10. The monthly non-attainment rates for O3 vary from 7 to 25% for May to November. The city average PM2.5 concentration was 53 μg m−3 in Guangzhou in 2010, which needs to be reduced by at least 34% to achieve the target of 35 μg m−3. The PM2.5 high violation months are from November to March. A CIP was developed for Guangzhou, which focused on PM2.5. Based on the CIP, the emission amounts of NOx, PM10, PM2.5 and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in 2025 would be controlled to 119, 61, 26 and 163 thousand tons, respectively, reduced by 51.9%, 55.9%, 61.8% and 41.3%, respectively, compared to 2010. Analysis of air quality using the model MM5-STEM suggests that the long-term control measures would achieve the PM2.5 and PM10 goals successfully by 2025. The PM2.5 annual average concentration would be reduced to 27 μg m−3 in 2025. However, such PM2.5-based emission control scenarios may enhance the ozone pollution problems. The O3 non-attainment rate would increase from 7.1% in 2010 to 12.9% in 2025, implying that ozone will likely become a major compliance issue with the new national ambient air quality standards (NAAQS). This suggests that O3 control must be taken into account while designing PM2.5 control strategies, especially PM2.5 compliance under increased atmospheric oxidation, and for VOCs / NOx reduction ratios need to be further investigated, in order to eventually achieve O3–PM2.5 co-improvement in this region or other cities.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document