scholarly journals Water security, metropolitan supply and climate change: some considerations concerning the Rio de Janeiro case

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosa Maria Formiga-Johnsson ◽  
Ana Lucia Britto
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
Universal Access ◽  
Water Security ◽  
Safe Drinking Water ◽  
Human Right ◽  
Access To Water ◽  
Current Water ◽  
Adequate Quantity

Abstract In this article the authors assess the current level of water security of the population of the Rio de Janeiro metropolis supplied by the Guandu System. It sets out from the premise that water security is only achieved when universal access to water is ensured - that is, when water resources are available, in adequate quantity and quality, along with water services that guarantee the human right to safe drinking water. Based on previous research, a review of the literature and official documents, it was possible to adapt and apply an analytic schema to the case study in order to evaluate the level of water security. The authors conclude that there are many risks associated with the water resources, including climate stressors, but it is the performance of the water supply service that most jeopardizes the current water security of the population of the Rio de Janeiro metropolis; the availability of water resources, both current and future, is not an obstacle to universal access to water.

Ensuring access to water in an emergency context: Towards an overexploitation and contamination of water resources?

2021 ◽  
pp. 096466392110316
Author(s):  
Chloé Nicolas-Artero
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Qualitative Methods ◽  
Water Scarcity ◽  
Water Rights ◽  
Environmental Crisis ◽  
Supply Network ◽  
Mining Pollution ◽  
Access To Water

This article shows how geo-legal devices created to deal with environmental crisis situations make access to drinking water precarious and contribute to the overexploitation and contamination of water resources. It relies on qualitative methods (interviews, observations, archive work) to identify and analyse two geo-legal devices applied in the case study of the Elqui Valley in Chile. The first device, generated by the Declaration of Water Scarcity, allows private sanitation companies to concentrate water rights and extend their supply network, thus producing an overexploitation of water resources. In the context of mining pollution, the second device is structured around the implementation of the Rural Drinking Water Programme and the distribution of water by tankers, which has made access to drinking water more precarious for the population and does nothing to prevent pollution.

scholarly journals An Inconvenient Truth about Access to Safe Drinking Water

2021 ◽  
pp. 158-168
Author(s):  
A. W. Jayawardena
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
World Population ◽  
Safe Drinking Water ◽  
Human Right ◽  
Sustainable Development Goal ◽  
An Inconvenient Truth ◽  
Sanitation And Hygiene ◽  
Access To Water ◽  
Sustainable Development Goal 6 ◽  
The Right

The phrase inconvenient truth associated with global warming and climate change has received a great deal of publicity some years back. The objective of this article is to highlight a different kind of inconvenient truth which affects about 29% of the world population. It is about the lack of access to safe drinking water that results in over 1.2 million preventable deaths annually. The first two targets of UN sustainable development goal 6 (SDG6) aim at providing universal, affordable and sustainable access to “water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH)”.  Recognizing the right to safe and clean drinking water and sanitation as a basic human right, issues related to this problem as well as possible options to alleviate the problem are discussed.

2002 Stockholm Statement: Urgent action needed for water security: Recommendations from the Stockholm Water Symposia, 1998-2002

2003 ◽  
Vol 47 (6) ◽  
pp. 5-7
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Water Security ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Financial Resources ◽  
Safe Drinking Water ◽  
Industrialized Countries ◽  
Access To Water ◽  
Target Set ◽  
Urgent Action

Water on our planet. The Development Target set by the UN Millennium Assembly is to halve by 2015 the proportion of people living in extreme poverty, suffering from hunger or unable to reach or afford safe drinking water. It will not be possible to achieve these goals unless governments realize that water is fundamental for almost any kind of development and human activity. Something must be fundamentally wrong when enormous interests and financial resources are engaged in finding water on other planets while we pay insufficient attention to water on our planet on which humanity's survival and quality of life genuinely depend. While part of the explanation may be the commonplace character of water in most industrialized countries, it should be stressed that the majority of the low income countries with large undernutrition are located in the dry climate tropics where daily access to water is every-one's number one priority.

scholarly journals Management of Water Resources in the Semiarid Region of Rio Grande do Norte: a case study on the municipality of Lucrécia

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marlene Yara Tenório Soares de Oliveira ◽  
Marcia Regina Farias da Silva
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Sustainable Use ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Rio Grande ◽  
Semiarid Region ◽  
Drought Event ◽  
Access To Water ◽  
The City

This research aimed to identify water resources management strategies in extreme drought event scenarios in the municipality of Lucrécia, in the state of Rio Grande do Norte (RN), in the period 2012 to 2018. As a methodological procedure, a bibliographical and documentary, in addition to field research, with interviews with municipal managers and residents. A photographic record of the study area was also carried out. It was found that, in the city, there is a folder dedicated to water resources that guides water management and is the basis for the adoption of measures aimed at municipal supply in times of difficult access to water, due to the reduction in water availability. It was observed that part of the interviewed population understands the drought as responsible for the difficulties faced in the city, mainly about the reduction of the water level in the reservoir. It was found that, of the 52 towns belonging to the hydrographic basin of the Apodi-Mossoró river, only 10 participate in the meetings of the basin committee, the municipality of Lucrécia does not have representatives on the Committee. This finding deserves special consideration since water and the administration of its multiple applications are generators of conflicts, it highlights the importance of understanding how municipalities in the Semiarid region carry out the management of water resources and how they understand the challenges of coexistence with its area, aiming at the sustainable use of water.

Dryland Farmers' Access to Productive Resources (A Case Study of Wonogiri)

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 60-67
Author(s):  
Dwi Prasetyani ◽  
Akhmad Daerobi
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Natural Resources ◽  
Government Agencies ◽  
International Labour Organization ◽  
New Schools ◽  
Support Strategies ◽  
Access To Water ◽  
Farmer Groups ◽  
The Government

Objective - This research is built on the argument that providing farmers with more access to natural resources can reduce poverty and so increase production in farming, particularly in the case of Wonogiri. Methodology/Technique - The method of analysis used for this research is the IRAP (Integrated Rural Accessibility Planning) method which was developed by the International Labour Organization (ILO) and the government agencies of Africa and Asia. Findings - Based on the calculation of access, it is noted that priority problems of access to productive resources can be resolved by focusing on four factors. First is Education - Strategies that can be implemented is the construction of new schools, particularly junior and senior high schools. Second is Health - Strategies that can be implemented is to increase farmers' access to water resources and to increase the number of general practitioners available such as specialists and dentists. Third is Agriculture - Strategies that can be done is to improve existing markets, add new markets, and develop new farmer groups. Fourth is Support - Strategies that can be done is by building layers of foundation and paving stones and casting roads on the remaining land. Of utmost importance is Education. Novelty - New found strategies that can be implemented include the construction of new schools for poor farmers. Type of Paper: Empirical Keywords: Dryland Farmers, Productive Resources, Wonogiri, IRAP, Access, Strategy.

Part II Predominant Security Challenges and International Law, Economic and Resource Security, Ch.29 Water Security

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thielbörger Pierre
Keyword(s):  
International Law ◽  
Water Security ◽  
Right To Life ◽  
Human Right ◽  
Economic Significance ◽  
Law And Politics ◽  
Water Wars ◽  
Security Challenges ◽  
Access To Water ◽  
The Right

This chapter addresses water security, which is a contested normative concept, without clear definitions, meanings, or interpretations. With this in mind, the term ‘water security’ must be understood in two distinct ways: security through water (meaning individuals’ access to water to sustain their lives and livelihoods) and security against water (meaning the absence of water-related threats, both natural and man-made). The concept of water security as security through water is a tool to guarantee certain minimum standards of water for individuals. This aspect of water security is closely related to the idea of a human right to water as derived from and related to other human rights such as the right to life, an adequate standard of living, and the right to the highest attainable standard of health. However, water can also pose threats. For instance, given its outstanding political and economic significance, the likelihood of ‘water wars’ has been discussed in international law and politics for some time. Special challenges to water security include the widespread privatization of water, climate change as catalyst for future water conflicts and water-related natural disasters, and the often forgotten ‘sanitation gap’.

scholarly journals Privatisation and water governance in Africa: implications of a rights-based approach

2008 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Oladejo Olowu
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Water Governance ◽  
Human Right ◽  
Efficient Management ◽  
Access To Water ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
Independence Era ◽  
The Right ◽  
Water Issues

Early in the post-independence era, the control of water resources in many African states was a task of central planning. Regrettably, water management soon became a miry adventure in most African states largely because of warped planning and implementation. This article examines the phenomenon of private sector involvement in water resources management and seeks to understand the effect of such involvement on the right to water in Africa in the context of the Millennium Development Goals. The article explores the continuing relationship between African governments and non-state actors in the management of water resources in the privatisation age. The article further analyses the role of various national water governance initiatives vis-à-vis the efficient management of water resources and the sharp contradictions in their frameworks from a rights-based perspective. It evaluates the normative frameworks of access to water as a human right in Africa and contends that the human being must be placed at the centre of water discourses in assessing all role actors and their responsibilities. Extrapolating from experiences from various states within and outside Africa, this article advocates a rights-based approach to water issues and its value for the ultimate purpose of human- centred development.

scholarly journals Assessment of water resources system in Qena governorate, Upper Egypt under different hydrological and agronomic conditions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohie El Din M. Omar ◽  
Marwa M. Aly
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Water Balance ◽  
Water Security ◽  
Water Shortage ◽  
Water Balance Components ◽  
Water Insecurity ◽  
Adaptation Measures ◽  
Water Resources System ◽  
Flow Reduction ◽  
Current Water

Abstract This paper assessed the current water resources system and two future scenarios in Qena governorate by developing Water Balance (WB Model) and Water Security Quality-based Index (WSQI). First scenario presented 25% reduction in Nile flow, while second scenario suggested adaptation measures to comply with flow reduction. The measures included leveling 100,000 feddans, serving 70,000 feddans with sprinkler irrigation, and lining 2,977 km of canals. The WB Model estimated water balance components. The WSQI was a new index suitable for Egypt's conditions considering water quality. The water supply from High Aswan Dam (HAD) was predicted by the BlueM model for hydrological simulations of Nasser Lake. The study found that the current water shortage was fulfilled by drainage reuse and shallow groundwater, and the WQSI indicated a low water insecurity. The flow reduction increased water shortage and reuse quantity. As a result, the WSQI indicated high water insecurity. The suggested measures improved agricultural water use efficiency from 51% to 63%, reduced water shortage, and improved water insecurity level from high to medium. This study concluded that adaptation measures can improve the future water system and water security in Qena governorate. The study recommended upscaling WSQI use for the entire country.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document