scholarly journals Trend of the risk and protective factors of chronic diseases in adolescents, National Adolescent School-based Health Survey (PeNSE 2009 e 2012)

2014 ◽  
Vol 17 (suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 77-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deborah Carvalho Malta ◽  
Marco Antonio Ratzsch de Andreazzi ◽  
Maryane Oliveira-Campos ◽  
Silvania Suely Caribé de Araújo Andrade ◽  
Naíza Nayla Bandeira de Sá ◽  
...  

OBJECTIVE: To compare the prevalence of major risk and protection factors for chronic non-communicable diseases in school-aged children in Brazilian capitals surveyed in the National Adolescent School-based Health Survey in its two editions, 2009 and 2012. METHODS: The frequencies, with Confidence Interval of 95%, of the following demographic variables were compared: food intake, body image, physical activity, smoking, alcohol and other drugs. Prevalence was compared in the two editions of the survey. RESULTS: The proportion of students who attend two physical education classes a week was maintained at 49% between 2009 and 2012, increasing in public schools from 50.6% (95%CI 49.8 - 51.4) to 52.5% (95%CI 49.2 - 55.7), and decreasing in private schools. There was no change in the proportion of students who watch two hours or more of television daily, about 80%. As for body image, there was no change between the two editions, and about 60% considered themselves being of normal weight. There was a reduction in the percentage of adolescents who experienced cigarettes, from 24.2% (95%CI 23.6 - 24.8) to 22.3% (95%CI 21.4 - 23.2), and the prevalence of smoking was maintained at about 6% (there was no statistical difference between 2009 and 2012). The consumption of beans, fruits, sweets and soft drinks also decreased. Frequency of drug experimentation was of 8.7% (95%CI 8.3 - 9.1) in 2009, and 9.6% (95%CI 9.0 - 10.3) in 2012, with no difference between confidence intervals, and the frequency of alcohol experimentation was maintained at about 70%; the percentage of use in the past 30 days was also maintained at around 27%. CONCLUSION: In the Brazilian capitals, the vast majority of prevalence of risk factors were kept stable in the two editions of the National Survey of School. These data generate evidence to guide the implementation of public policies to minimize the exposure of adolescents to risk factors.

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gloria Esperanza Zambrano-Plata ◽  
Yasmin Gabriela Otero-Esteban ◽  
Silvia Lisbeth Rodríguez-Berrio

Objetivo: identificar  los factores de riesgo relacionados con la prevalencia de sobrepeso y obesidad en adolescentes entre 10 y 18 años  que pertenecen a los colegios públicos de la ciudad de Cúcuta, durante el primer semestre del 2014. Materiales y Métodos: estudio descriptivo de corte transversal; con una población: 61.172 adolescentes y una muestra de 382 estudiantes matriculados en los colegios públicos de Cúcuta. El instrumento fue diseñado por las investigadoras para valorar las características sociodemográficas, medidas antropométricas, factores endógenos, exógenos y percepción del exceso de peso y de su imagen. Resultados: el exceso de peso presento alta proporción en la adolescencia temprana y en el estrato socioeconómico 2. Predominio de sobrepeso en mujeres y obesidad en hombres. En los factores endógenos asociados con estos trastornos, prevaleció el antecedente familiar de sobrepeso y obesidad, además recibieron otra alimentación y no leche materna durante los primeros seis meses, y como antecedentes personales presentaron ansiedad y parto prematuro. En los factores exógenos la alimentación de los adolescentes con sobrepeso es alta en grasas y en los obesos es alta en azúcares, baja en verduras y fibra. Los estudiantes con déficit y con peso normal, se sienten flacos y sanos; los adolescentes con sobrepeso perciben su silueta mayor, y los obesos la perciben menor a la establecida para su índice de masa corporal. Conclusiones: los adolescentes escolarizados presentan una alta prevalencia de sobrepeso y obesidad, observándose una mayor preponderancia de factores de riesgo endógenos y exógenos. De igual manera, presentan una imagen corporal que no corresponde a su estado nutricional. PALABRAS CLAVE: adolescentes, escolar, estado nutricional,  factores de riesgo. Risk factors associated with the prevalence of overweight and obesity among adolescent  ABSTRACTObjective: to identify risk factors associated with the prevalence of overweight and obesity in adolescents aged 10 to 18 who belong to public schools in Cucuta city, in the first half of 2014. Materials and Methods: a descriptive cross-sectional study; population: 61,172 adolescents as a sample: 382 students enrolled in public schools in Cúcuta. The instrument was designed by the researchers to assess sociodemographic, anthropometric measurements, endogenous factors, exogenous and perception of overweight and image. Results: there was a  high overweight proportion  in early adolescence and socioeconomic level 2: prevalence of overweight in women and obesity in men. According to endogenous factors associated with these disorders, the prevailing factors were: family history of overweight and obesity in addition they didn`t have other food and breast milk for the first six months, and as personal history showed anxiety and prematurity. In the exogenous factors, the adolescent feeding is high in fat and in obese adolescents is high in sugar, low in vegetables and fiber. Students with deficit and normal weight, feel thin and healthy; overweight adolescents perceive their greater size shape, obese students perceive a lower size than the established one for BMI. Conclusions: school teenagers have a high prevalence of overweight and obesity, showing a greater preponderance of endogenous and exogenous risk factors. Similarly, the body image of the adolescents does not correspond to their nutritional state. KEY WORDS: adolescents, school, nutritional state, risk factors. Os fatores de risco associados com a prevalência de sobrepeso e obesidade entre adolescentes                                                                      RESUMO  Objetivo: identificar fatores de risco associados com a prevalência de sobrepeso e obesidade em adolescentes de 10 a 18 anos que pertencem a escolas públicas na cidade de Cucuta, no primeiro semestre de 2014. Materiais e Métodos: um estudo descritivo transversal ; População: 61,172 adolescentes mostra: 382 alunos matriculados em escolas públicas de Cúcuta. O instrumento foi projetado pelos pesquisadores para avaliar sociodemográficas, medidas antropométricas, fatores endógenos, exógeno e percepção de excesso de peso e sua imagem. Resultados: sobrepeso alta proporção presente no início da adolescência e estratos sócio-econômicos 2: prevalência de excesso de peso em mulheres e obesidade em homens. Em fatores endógenos associados a esses distúrbios, a história da família predominante do sobrepeso e obesidade, além recebeu nenhum outro leite alimentos e de mama para os primeiros seis meses e, como história pessoal mostrou ansiedade e prematuridade. Nos factores exógenos alimentação adolescentes com sobrepeso é rico em gordura e obesidade é rico em açúcar, pobre em vegetais e fibras. Estudantes défice e de peso normal, se sentir magra e saudável; adolescentes com sobrepeso percebem sua maior silhueta, obesos e perceber inferiores aos estabelecidos para o IMC. Conclusões: adolescentes escola tem uma alta prevalência de sobrepeso e obesidade, mostrando uma maior preponderância de fatores de risco endógeno e exógeno. Da mesma forma, uma imagem do corpo que não corresponde ao seu estado nutricional é apresentada.PALAVRAS-CHAVE: adolescentes, escolares, estado nutricional, fatores de risco.


2019 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
pp. 101000
Author(s):  
Thiago Sousa Matias ◽  
Marcus Vinicius Veber Lopes ◽  
Gabrielli Thais de Mello ◽  
Kelly Samara Silva

2014 ◽  
Vol 17 (suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 158-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deborah Carvalho Malta ◽  
Márcio Dênis Medeiros Mascarenhas ◽  
Antônio Ribeiro Dias ◽  
Rogério Ruscitto do Prado ◽  
Cheila Marina Lima ◽  
...  

OBJECTIVE: To describe violent events experienced by school-aged adolescents in school, around the school and in the family context, and to compare the results of the National Adolescent School-based Health Survey of 2009 and 2012. METHODS: Indicators related to violence involving teenagers were analyzed. The prevalence rates and confidence intervals of 95% were calculated for events of interest according to gender and type of school (public or private) and regions. RESULTS: Prevalence rates were: insecurity in the route between home-school (9.1%), insecurity in school (8.0%), physical assault in the last 12 months (18.2%), engaging in fights in the last 12 months (20.7%), fighting with a cold weapon (8.3%), fighting with firearms (6.9%), physical assault by a family member (11.6%) and having been seriously injured in the last 12 months (10.3%). The situations of violence were more prevalent among male students from public schools. The comparison with the 2009 survey showed increased prevalence in all the variables studied. CONCLUSION: Teenagers are exposed to different forms of violence, and the data from the National Survey of School Health can support the planning of preventive actions.


2014 ◽  
Vol 17 (suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 183-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deborah Carvalho Malta ◽  
Rogério Ruscitto do Prado ◽  
Silvania Suely Andrade Caribe ◽  
Marta Maria Alves da Silva ◽  
Marco Antonio Ratzsch de Andreazzi ◽  
...  

OBJECTIVE: To estimate the prevalence of injuries among teenagers and to examine the associated risk factors, such as sociodemographic characteristics, risk behaviors, family ties and other factors. METHOD: The prevalence of the outcome (injury) was estimated with a 95%confidence interval. In order to verify factors associated with the injury, a bivariate analysis was made with estimated odds ratio (OR) and its respective confidence intervals. Then, a multivariate analysis was carried out, only with variables whose descriptive level was equal to or lower than 5% (p < 0.05) remaining in the model. RESULTS: The study of injury in adolescents, based on the data from the National Adolescent School-based Health Survey (PeNSE), pointed out that 10.3% of the teenagers suffered severe injuries in the past 12 months, such as cuts or perforations, broken bones or dislocated joints. The following variables remained independently associated with "suffering severe injuries": being a male teenager; black, mulatto or indigenous race/color and working. Factors related to family ties are significant when the relations are fragile amongst members: adolescents that are injured the most are the ones who suffer most aggressions at home, who skip classes without notifying their parents, those who do not live with their parents and have low family control. The most relevant aspects of mental health are insomnia and loneliness. The factors associated to the exposure to situations of violence that remained in the model were: insecurity in school and in the route home-school; getting a ride with someone inebriated; drinking and driving motorized vehicles; not wearing the seatbelt; not wearing a helmet and being bullied. Among the factors of individual behavior, the following can be emphasized: use of alcohol, cigarettes, trying illicit drugs and early sexual intercourse. CONCLUSION: The analysis of the determinants for suffering injuries in childhood and adolescence shows the complex relationship between associated factors, which points to the need for action towards several aspects to reduce social inequalities, strengthen family ties and prevent violent contexts and individual risk factors.


Author(s):  
Tashi Dendup ◽  
I Gusti Ngurah Edi Putra ◽  
Tashi Tobgay ◽  
Gampo Dorji ◽  
Sonam Phuntsho ◽  
...  

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 545-552 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roseane de Fátima Guimarães ◽  
Michael Pereira da Silva ◽  
Oldemar Mazzardo ◽  
Rafael Vieira Martins ◽  
Priscila Iumi Watanabe ◽  
...  

Abstract The aim was to compare the metabolic risk factors (MRF) between sex, age and socioeconomic status in a sample of adolescents from Curitiba, Brazil. A cross-sectional school-based study was conducted on 997 adolescents (429 boys) aged 12-17 years old from public schools. Total Cholesterol (TC), LDL-c, HDL-c, Triglycerides, Glycemia, Blood Pressure, waist circumference and body mass index were measured. Sex, age and socioeconomic status information was obtained using a questionnaire. Descriptive analyses, Fisher Exact and Chi-Square Tests were used to establish the sample's characteristics and the MRF comparison between variables. We found that 27.4% were classified as overweight/obese, almost half of them had TC and LDL-c classified as limitrophe/altered, with a difference between the sexes (p < 0.01), and that a higher percentage of altered values was seen among girls. The percentage of 3 and 4 or more MRF was 13.8% and 6.3%, respectively. In addition, 86.5% of the participants had at least one and 39.7% had at least two MRF. We conclude that there was a high percentage of overweight/obese, as well as a great number of subjects with altered TC and HDL-c. We also pointed out the large percentage of aggregated metabolic risk factors in both sexes. Strategies to reduce metabolic risk factors are required.


2014 ◽  
Vol 17 (suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 46-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deborah Carvalho Malta ◽  
Maryane Oliveira-Campos ◽  
Rogério Ruscitto do Prado ◽  
Silvania Suely Caribé Andrade ◽  
Flávia Carvalho Malta de Mello ◽  
...  

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the association between the consumption of psychoactive substances (tobacco, alcohol and illicit drugs) and demographic variables, mental health and family context among school-aged children. METHODS: The National Adolescent School-based Health Survey was held with a national sample of 109,104 students. Data regarding demographic variables, family background and mental health were collected. Logistic regression was used to evaluate the associations of interest. RESULTS: Multivariate analyses showed that alcohol consumption was higher among girls, drug experimentation was more frequent among boys and that there was no difference between sexes for smoking. Being younger and mulatto were negatively associated with the use of tobacco, alcohol and illicit drugs. Also negatively associated with such risk behaviors were characteristics of the family context represented by: living with parents, having meals together and parental supervision (when parents know what the child does in their free time). Moreover, characteristics of mental health such as loneliness and insomnia were positively associated with use of tobacco, alcohol and illicit drugs. Not having friends was positively associated with use of tobacco and illicit drugs and negatively associated with alcohol use. CONCLUSIONS: The study shows the protective effect of family supervision in the use of tobacco, alcohol and drugs and, on the contrary, the increasing use of substances according to aspects of mental health, such as loneliness, insomnia and the fact of not having friends. The study's findings may support actions from health and education professionals, as well as from the government and families in order to prevent the use of these substances by adolescents.


2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heba Alwan ◽  
Bharathi Viswanathan ◽  
Fred Paccaud ◽  
Pascal Bovet

Background. We examined body image perception and its association with reported weight-control behavior among adolescents in the Seychelles.Methods. We conducted a school-based survey of 1432 students aging 11–17 years in the Seychelles. Perception of body image was assessed using both a closed-ended question (CEQ) and Stunkard's pictorial silhouettes (SPS). Voluntary attempts to change weight were also assessed.Results. A substantial proportion of the overweight students did not consider themselves as overweight (SPS: 24%, CEQ: 34%), and a substantial proportion of the normal-weight students considered themselves as too thin (SPS: 29%, CEQ: 15%). Logistic regression analysis showed that students with an accurate weight perception were more likely to have appropriate weight-control behavior.Conclusions. We found that substantial proportions of students had an inaccurate perception of their weight and that weight perception was associated with weight-control behavior. These findings point to forces that can drive the upwards overweight trends.


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