scholarly journals Strategy to control occupational risk for Hepatitis B: impact on the vaccination and seroconversion rates in dentistry students

2018 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-14
Author(s):  
Daniela Nunes NOGUEIRA ◽  
Juliana Cama RAMACCIATO ◽  
Rogério Heládio Lopes MOTTA ◽  
Rui Barbosa de BRITO JÚNIOR ◽  
Almenara de Souza FONSECA-SILVA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Demographic Variables ◽  
Vaccination Status ◽  
Occupational Risk ◽  
Dental School ◽  
Serologic Testing

ABSTRACT Objective: To describe the development of a dentistry school strategy in order to reduce the occupational risk related to hepatitis B. Methods: The academic registration documents of 242 students entering the institution between the years 2006 and 2013, were evaluated, among which were of copies of the updated vaccination cards and anti-HBs serologic testing. Demographic variables and others related to the vaccination status of hepatitis B and seroconversion were considered. Results: One hundred percent of the students were found to be vaccinated, and 87.2% had vaccination records of three doses. The results of anti-HBs tests proved seroconversion in 91.3% of the students. From 2011, the dental school was able to institutionalize the follow-up behavior of the students who had anti-HBs non-reactive. Of the twenty individuals whose serology was negative, nine students (45% of the total and all of the 2011-2013 class) were followed-up and repeated the basic vaccination and anti-HBs test; eight seroconverted and one was considered a non-responder, increasing the percentage of immune students to 95%. Eleven (55%) had other unregistered behavior or the documents analyzed showed no data on them. Conclusion: The procedure of following-up the registration in vaccination records required by the Biosafety Committee of the institution was shown to be effective in reducing the occupational risk of hepatitis B among the students.

scholarly journals Antibody response to heat-inactivated hepatitis B vaccine (CLB-3mg) in hemodialysis patients and occupational risk personnel: a one year follow-up

1988 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-16
Author(s):  
C. F. T. Yoshida ◽  
C. Takahashi ◽  
L. A. C. Mercadante ◽  
I. F. Camargo ◽  
H. G. Schatzmayr
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Hemodialysis Patients ◽  
Hepatitis B Vaccine ◽  
Occupational Risk ◽  
Immunization Schedule ◽  
One Year ◽  
Sample Ratio ◽  
Healthy Persons

Immune response against hepatitis B vaccine (CLB 3mg) was evaluated in 59 hemodialysis patients and 20 occupational risk personnel. Seroconversion was induced in 52.5% and 70.0% respectively. Twelve months after the first dose, 37.5% of patients and 60.0% of occupational risk personnel had detectable anti-HBs level. Antibody level was expressed in sample ratio units (SRU). Considering only the responders, in the patients group 38.7% had a low anti-HBs response (2.1-9.9 SRU) 32.3% a medium response (10-99.9 SRU) and 29.0% a high response (>100 SRU) while in occupational risk personnel these values were 14.3%, 64.3% and 21.4% respectively. The authors suggest the use of HBV vaccines with more elevated HBsAg concentration or a reinforced immunization schedule to improve the anti-HBs response not only for patients but also for healthy persons.

scholarly journals Assessment of Hepatitis B Vaccination Status of Students of Faculty of Dentistry

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 46
Author(s):  
Tuba Talo Yildirim ◽  
Filiz Acun Kaya ◽  
Can Ayhan Kaya
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Dental Students ◽  
Vaccination Status ◽  
Dental School ◽  
Hepatitis B Vaccination ◽  
School Students ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Test Analysis ◽  
Parental Level

Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the dental students’ hepatitis B vaccination and serological status according demographic data. Methodology: A questionnaire prepared related to hepatitis B virus infection and demographic data of 290 students, educating at University of Fırat and Dicle, Faculty of Dentistry in 2016-2017 academic year was distributed. Chi-square test analysis was used for statistical analysis. p<0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: In the study, it was determined that 17.9% of the students had hepatitis B in the family and 17.9% of them had seen themselves at risk. Of the 290 students who participated in this study, 42% were HBV vaccinated, 21.6% completed the vaccination scheme, 35% of the students had HBV carriers and 20.7% were controlling HBV serology. The higher class of students, the rate of development of vaccination, control of HBV serology, HBV carrier, and protective response increased significantly (p<0.01). Gender, parental level of education did not have a statistically significant effect on the answers given to the questions. Conclusions: The level of awareness of HBV in dental school students is not at the desired level. We believe that the students who start the first semester of the dental school will be educated by the infection control committees collectively and vaccination will solve this problem.   How to cite this article: Talo Yildirim T, Acun Kaya F, Kaya CA. Assessment of Hepatitis B Vaccination Status of Students of Faculty of Dentistry. Int Dent Res 2017;7:46-53.  Linguistic Revision: The English in this manuscript has been checked by at least two professional editors, both native speakers of English.

Ten-year follow-up study of hepatitis B virus infection and vaccination status in hospital employees

1999 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 245-250 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Rosen ◽  
B. Rudensky ◽  
E. Paz ◽  
M. Isacsohn ◽  
Z. Jerassi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Virus Infection ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Vaccination Status ◽  
Hepatitis B Virus Infection ◽  
Hospital Employees ◽  
Follow Up Study ◽  
B Virus

scholarly journals HEPATITIS B VACCINATION COVERAGE AND POSTVACCINATION SEROLOGIC TESTING AMONG MEDICAL STUDENTS AT A PUBLIC UNIVERSITY IN BRAZIL

2014 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 307-311 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eduardo Pernambuco de Souza ◽  
Marcelo de Souza Teixeira
Keyword(s):  
Medical Students ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Vaccination Coverage ◽  
Public University ◽  
Vaccination Status ◽  
Hepatitis B Vaccination ◽  
First Year ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
First Year Students ◽  
Serologic Testing

The aim of this cross-sectional study was to determine the hepatitis B vaccination coverage among medical students at a public university in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, and their compliance with the postvaccination serologic testing recommendations. Of the total of 858 students, 675 (78.7%) participated in the study. Among the participants, 48.9% (95% CI: 45.1% to 52.7%) were vaccinated against hepatitis B (received ≥ 3 doses of the vaccine), 31.6% were not (received 0, 1 or 2 doses), and 19.6% did not know their vaccination status. Hepatitis B vaccination coverage increased from 26.0% among first-year students to 70.6% among sixth-year students while the prevalence of unknown vaccination status decreased from 39.7% among first-year students to 2.4% among sixth-year students. The frequency of unvaccinated students ranged from 23.7% among fifth-year students to 34.4% among first-year students. Only 34.8% of the vaccinated students performed the anti-HBs testing after vaccination. Among these medical students, we found a low adherence to the hepatitis B vaccination and to the postvaccination serologic testing. A comprehensive hepatitis B immunization program should be offered to students at this medical school.

Susceptibility and immunity to hepatitis B and rubella in a dental school population

1984 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 208-210
Author(s):  
PG Fotos ◽  
RW Miller ◽  
WL Graham ◽  
DC Bowers
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Dental School ◽  
School Population

European Recommendations for the Management of Healthcare Workers Occupationally Exposed to Hepatitis

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 49
Author(s):  
Enis Uruci
Keyword(s):  
Occupational Exposure ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Antiviral Treatment ◽  
World Health ◽  
Antibody Concentration ◽  
Post Exposure Prophylaxis ◽  
Transferase Activity ◽  
Mediterranean Countries

Exposure prevention is the primary strategy to reduce the risk of occupational bloodborne pathogen infections in healthcare workers (HCW). HCWs should be made aware of the medicolegal and clinical relevance of reporting an exposure, and have ready access to expert consultants to receive appropriate counselling, treatment and follow-up. Vaccination against hepatitis B virus (HBV), and demonstration of immunisation before employment are strongly recommended. HCWs with postvaccinal anti-HBs levels, 1-2 months after vaccine completion, .or=10 mIU/mL are considered as responders. Responders are protected against HBV infection: booster doses of vaccine or periodic antibody concentration testing are not recommended. Alternative strategies to overcome non-response should be adopted. Isolated anti-HBc positive HCWs should be tested for anti-HBcIgM and HBV-DNA: if negative, anti-HBs response to vaccination can distinguish between infection (anti-HBs .or=50 mIU/ml 30 days after 1st vaccination: anamnestic response) and false positive results(anti-HBs .or=10 mUI/ml 30 days after 3rd vaccination: primary response); true positive subjects have resistance to re-infection. and do not need vaccination The management of an occupational exposure to HBV differs according to the susceptibility of the exposed HCW and the serostatus of the source. When indicated, post-exposure prophylaxis with HBV vaccine, hepatitis B immunoglobulin or both must be started as soon as possible (within 1-7 days). In the absence of prophylaxis against hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, follow-up management of HCV exposures depends on whether antiviral treatment during the acute phase is chosen. Test the HCW for HCV-Ab at baseline and after 6 months; up to 12 for HIV-HCV co-infected sources. If treatment is recommended, perform ALT (amino alanine transferase) activity at baseline and monthly for 4 months after exposure, and qualitative HCV-RNA when an increase is detected. Introduction Bloodborne pathogens such as hepatitis B (HBV) and C virus (HCV) represent an important hazard for healthcare workers (HCWs) (1). In the general population, HCV prevalence varies geographically from about 0.5% in northern countries to 2% in Mediterranean countries, with some 5 million chronic carriers estimated in Europe; while HBV prevalence ranges from 0.3% to 3%. The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that each year in Europe 304 000 HCWs are exposed to at least one percutaneous injury with a sharp object contaminated with HBV, 149 000 are exposed to HCV and 22 000 to HIV. The probability of acquiring a bloodborne infection following an occupational exposure has been estimated to be on average.

scholarly journals Hepatitis B virus (HBV) viral load, liver and renal function in adults treated with tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) vs. untreated: a retrospective longitudinal UK cohort study

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tingyan Wang ◽  
David A. Smith ◽  
Cori Campbell ◽  
Jolynne Mokaya ◽  
Oliver Freeman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Viral Load ◽  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Renal Impairment ◽  
Clinical Guidelines ◽  
Untreated Group ◽  
Liver Inflammation ◽  
B Virus ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Current clinical guidelines recommend treating chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in a minority of cases, but there are relatively scarce data on evolution or progression of liver inflammation and fibrosis in cases of chronic HBV (CHB) that do not meet treatment criteria. We aimed to assess the impact of TDF on liver disease, and the risk of renal impairment in treated CHB patients in comparison to untreated patients. Methods We studied a longitudinal ethnically diverse CHB cohort in the UK attending out-patient clinics between 2005 and 2018. We examined TDF treatment (vs. untreated) as the main exposure, with HBV DNA viral load (VL), ALT, elastography scores and eGFR as the main outcomes, using paired tests and mixed effects model for longitudinal measurements. Additionally, decline of eGFR during follow-up was quantified within individuals by thresholds based on clinical guidelines. Baseline was defined as treatment initiation for TDF group and the beginning of clinical follow-up for untreated group respectively. Results We included 206 adults (60 on TDF, 146 untreated), with a median ± IQR follow-up duration of 3.3 ± 2.8 years. The TDF group was significantly older (median age 39 vs. 35 years, p = 0.004) and more likely to be male (63% vs. 47%, p = 0.04) compared to the untreated group. Baseline difference between TDF and untreated groups reflected treatment eligibility criteria. As expected, VL and ALT declined significantly over time in TDF-treated patients. Elastography scores normalised during treatment in the TDF group reflecting regression of inflammation and/or fibrosis. However, 6/81 (7.4%) of untreated patients had a progression of fibrosis stage from F0-F1 to F2 or F3. There was no evidence of difference in rates or incidence of renal impairment during follow-up in the TDF vs. untreated group. Conclusions Risk of liver inflammation and fibrosis may be raised in untreated patients compared to those receiving TDF, and TDF may benefit a larger percentage of the CHB population.

Hepatitis B virus infection, knowledge and vaccine uptake among hairdressers in Ikorodu, Lagos State

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
B A Aina ◽  
O A Olutoye
Keyword(s):  
Risk Perception ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Occupational Risk ◽  
Vaccine Uptake ◽  
Beauty Salon ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Level Of Knowledge ◽  
Transmission Prevention ◽  
Hbsag Screening ◽  
Hbv Transmission

Abstract Background Hepatitis B is a major public health concern. Hepatitis B virus (HBV) continues to thrive in developing countries including Nigeria. Occupationally exposed persons like people working in women's beauty salon are at high risk of HBV infection and may play a critical role in the disease transmission via contaminated needles and sharps. The aim of this study therefore was to estimate HBV infection, knowledge level, occupational risk perception and vaccine uptake among people working in women's beauty salons. Also to get them screened and encourage those that are negative to get vaccinated to curb the spread of this infection. Methods This was a cross-sectional study carried out on 199 people working in women's beauty salons in Ikorodu Local government area of Lagos State. HBsAg screening using a rapid diagnostic test kit was carried out for all respondents to determine their infection status. Questionnaire which assessed their knowledge level and occupational risk perception were completed by trained interviewers and data was analysed using SPSS software. Results The result of this study showed that only 2.01% respondents tested positive for the HBsAg screening. Majority of the respondents (69.3%) have poor knowledge about HBV transmission, prevention and vaccine. While most (78.9%) of the respondents don't know their occupational risk of exposure to HBV, 9.0% rated themselves at high risk of occupational exposure. Significant association was observed between level of knowledge and risk perception (P &lt; 0.001). The level of vaccine uptake was very poor as only 1 out of 199 respondents has taken 3 doses of HBV vaccine, 60.9%(120) have not been vaccinated. Conclusions The respondents exhibited poor level of knowledge about HBV transmission, prevention, vaccination and went about their occupation without adequate protection form HBV. Key messages Screening of people working in women beauty salon is highly imperative to identify those with infection so that they can be treated on time while those that are negative should be vaccinated. Due to the potential roles of people working in women’s beauty salon in HBV transmission, education programs and vaccine coverage policy should be adopted for people in this occupation.

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